Science of the Total Env~ronment 496 (2014) 607-623

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Science of the Total Environment

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Risk-based decision-making framework for the selection of sediment 0 CrossMark

dredging option

Norpadzlihatun Manap a.b.*, Nikolaos Voulvoulis a Faculb ofTechnolow Management and Business Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia 86400 Pmit Rajo. Botu Pohatjohor. Malaysia

CentrefOTErmironmentalPolicy. Wal College London, United Kingdom Centre for Environmental Policy, lmpen'ol College London, United Kingdom

H I G H L I G H T S

A new integrated. holistic and staged framework was developed. This framework aimed to select the best sediment dredging option. This new framework is beneficial for dredging and sediment management industries.

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Article history: Received 22 March 2014 Received in revised form 2 July 2014 Accepted 2 July 2014 Available online xxxx

Editor: D. Baraelo

Keywords: Integrated environmental management Risk-based method Dredging Ecological risk assessment Multi-uiteria decision analaysis Decision-making method

The aim of this study was to develop a risk-based deasion-making framework for the selection of sediment dredging option. Descriptions using case studies of the newly integrated. holistic and staged framework were followed. The first stage utilized the historical dredging monitoring data and the contamination lwel in media data into Ecological Risk Assessment phases. which have been altered for benefits in cost time and simplicity. How Multi-Crlteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can be used to analyze and prioritize dredging areas based on en- vironmental, socio-economic and managerial criteria was described for the next stage. The results from MCDA will be integrated into Ecological Risk Assessment to characterize the degree of contamination in the prioritized areas. The last stage was later described using these findings and analyzed using MCDA, in order to identify the best sediment dredging option. accounting for the economic environmental and technical aspects of dredging, which is beneficial for dredging and sediment manaEement industries. - - -

0 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights resewed.

Dredging is a process that removes sediments from river and sea beds mainly to aid ship navigation, and was first used more than a thou- sand years ago by the peoples who lived on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates to deepen sea channels (Herbich, 1975; Montgomery, 1984; Shankland, 1931 ).

In addition. other purposes of dredging have historically included extraction of sediments for the construction and agricultural industries. removal of sediments for wharf expansion, protection of coastal areas

* Corresponding author at: Depament of Construction Management. Faculty of Technology Management and Business. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Beg kkunc i 101.86400 F%t Raja, Batu PahatJohor, MaIaysiaTel.: +60 7 453 3911; faxr f 607 4.53 3833.

E-moil address: padzliha@uthm.edu.my (N. Manap). Present permanent address: 1515.15 Prince's Gardens. Imperial College London.

South Kensington Campampus, LondonSW7 UIZ, United Kingdom.

through land reclamation, environmental improvement in the form of flood prevention or contamination remediation. and infrashucture pur- poses such as underwater cabling and pipelines (Blazquez et a]., 2001 ; Gurfinkel and Shepsis, 1993; Orosz and Bierbauer, 1994; Sheehan et al., 2010b). There are two main types of dredging. Capital dredging occurs in previously undisturbed areas, and Maintenance dredging takes place to sustain areas adequately deepened (Montgomery. 1984; Yell and Riddell, 1995).

In recent years, the growing need to perform extensive maintenance dredging has been due to ships growing in size and numbers due to increased maritime trading activities. Capital dredging has been needed to build or extend wharfs and ports. with a number of mega dredging projects currently in progress. including one on the River Scheldt and another as part of the expansion of the Panama Canal (Krizner, 2010; Schexnayder. 2010). In addition. there is an emerging demand for dredging in developing countries due to growing global trade, with India estimated to become the largest dredging market, in light of the

http:lldxdoi.orgll0.1016/jscitotenv2014.07.009 004%9697163 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

N. Manap. N Voulvoulir/Science of the Total Environment496 (2014) 607-623

Compmsation cost for1ocrl comrm~lli ty

0.06 I I I /

- . - Original weight

Fig 18 Sensitivity analysis results showing rankings of the options after variations of weights assign to sub-criteria of Compensation cost for local community.

to apply &e best sediment dredging option that minimiza h e impacts of Burton J. Allen G. Sediment quality criteria in use around the world. Limnology 2002;3: 65-76. drrdging and lowers quality analysis and management Cappuyns V. Assessment of heavy metal mobility in dredged sediments: porewater anal-

costs can be achieved through the implementation of this framework A ysis. single and sequential extractions. Soil Sediment Contam 2006:15:169. dredging permit can be issued to relevant dredging stakeholders to im- Census of Marine tife. UNESCO. Ocean B~ogeograph~c Information System; 2012.

plement a drrdgjng projeb, in which compliance to environmental Clarke S. Jackson A. NeffJ. Development of a nsk assessment methodology for evaluahng potential impacts assoc~ated wlth contarnlnated mud disposal in the marine envlron-

rules and regulations can be monitored. The application of this framework ment. Chemosphere 2000;41:69-76. should be in parallel with h e work of constructing national dredging and Commision of ~uropean Communities. Directive of the European Pariiment and of the

contaminated land policies. merefore, future dredging work should use Council establishing a framework for the protection of soil and amending Directive 2004/35/EC 2006;2006/0086 (COD).

this framework in order to help decision-making in dredging and sedi- cmpr KM, B * ~ ~ ~ , h CRS, ~~f~~ E, cuhs M, neddum ~~~k~ et al. A~~~~~~~~~ ment management industries This mework should be treated dynam- of ecosystem function following marine aggregate dredging. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol2008:

366:82-91. ical'y and should be after it has to dredging Constantino R Clam dredging etrects and subsequent recovery of benthic communities at projects, where changes can be made accordingly. different depth ranees. Mar Environ Res 2009:67:89-99.

Acknowledgments are given to Universiti Tun Hussein OM Malaysia. the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Malaysian Maritime and Dredging Corporation Sdn. Bhd. for the support given during the writing of this paper.

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