Rise of an Ummah from al-Maghreb [English]

7/29/2019 Rise of an Ummah from al-Maghreb [English]

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Brtlhni

SLXI_ W @D BJ

YGGBA_

W DS@GBN-GBFASIC_

W

Xuctltni

Xuntbjbti Abclclyyba

UYCNLXAIM C\

MBS-ABRRGB[ABC BANBN-XYJJBA VBN-KBGBBAObrbhal Hlty,

Lsnbglh Sipucnlh d Ubolstbj


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Brtlhni SLXI @D BJ YGGBA DS@G BN-GBFASIC

Mbr-Abqq| Gbzabc Banbn-Xujjba Vbn-Kbgbba 3

Cid`ri ]` Xtbrt (Dr`g Buta`r)

, tals brtlhni wlnn pr`vlmi cijidlhlbn oj`wnimfi bjm ljd`rgbtl`j t`bnn rihlplijts (bs lt wbs dlrst pucnlsaim `r hlrhunbtim vlb igbln), ispihlbnnyBjbnysts d`r tailr rispihtim m`gblj, bjm d`r Oj`wnimfibci_W, lt abs ciijixt`rtim dr`g igljijt Lsnbglh J`tbcnis bjm Xha`nbrs_ W c`òsbjm trbjshrlpts (sii *ridirijhis lj nbst), tairid`ri mìsjt h`jtblj bjytaljfdr`g ùtslmi cut hbj sby tabt lt wbs tailrs V`ro ciljf suggbrlzim bjm taijtrbjsnbtim ljt` Ijfnlsa.

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_*WX`gi durtairg`ri abs ciij bmmim lj rifbrms `d rivlsl`j t` tals brtlhni.


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Abclclyba Hbnlpabti_ W

Bn-Xabyoa(

) bn-Xabrlba wbn-]brlqba( ) bn-Brld cl'Bnnba( )

Aumarbt Xabalm Cblf bn-Abjbdl bn-Halsatl ( ) sbys,

"]airi ls j`taljf cislmis bj Bddihtl`j `d Cijiv`nijt Gissijfir( )"

2.LXNBG_ W

Sinlfl`j Lsnbg_ W, `rlflj bjm pibhidun lj gibjljf, bjm dr`g lnnustrbtim TISXIX `d Rur'bjXabriid rivibns tabt Lsnbg ls tai `jny bhhiptbcni rinlfl`j (lj slfat `d Bnnba) bjm `tair tabjLsnbg, ls j`t Tbnlm cihbusi abm ciij hbjhinim cy BNNBA_W bjm tairid`ri pujlsabcni ldd`nn`ws `r prbhtlhljf lt. Ivij wltalj Lsnbg, ld s`gi`ji trlis t` d`nn`w `r prbhtlhljf sipbrbtiny`tair tabj tai bfriim pbta `d Gusnlgs (Brbclh; ,) s` lt wlnn bns` ci rikihtimwaitair cy gbk`rlty `r glj`rlty.

Slfat Ubta();Sinlfl`j (Brbclh; ) ls bj `jny Tbnlm bjm Slfat Vby d`r tai suhhiss `d bnnAugbj Ciljfs, & bdtir rivibnljf bcùt rinlfl`j (Brbclh; _) lj flvij A`j`rbcni TirsiW

walha ls b Tbnlm bjm Slfat Ubta, `tair tabj lt nloi Btailsg ridutbtl`j `r Xihunbrlsg`pp`sltl`j (lj f`virjbjhi isp.) tai Sinlfl`j, bnn lj fijirbn j`t `jny Lsnbg_W pbrtlhunbrny,Bnnba_W abs ljd`rgim tabt sabnn j`t bhhipt bjy pbta `tair tabj Sinlfl`j (bjm lj rinlfl`j

pbrtlhunbrny `jny Lsnbg) stbtim lj A`ny Rur'bj bs, "(Gbda``g_

W) Bjm waìvir`pp`sis tai Sbs``n (J`cni Gissijfir) bdtir tai rlfat pbta( )( )abs ciij gbmi hnibr t` alg, bjm d`nn`ws b wby `tair tabj tabt `d tai Gusnlgs, Visabnn nibvi alg bs ai ls, bjm put alg lj ainn? bjm wabt b writhaim pnbhi t` riturj _s.=;v.229W"

BMM J@]I; _]bjwlr bn-Glqcbs glj ]bdslr Lcj BccbsW Oj`wnimfibcni sbys? (Bjm wa`s` `pp`sita taigissijfir) rifbrmljf Bnnba's mlvlji @jijiss bjm als kumfigijt, l.i. ]u'gba (bdtir tai fulmbjhi (`d

Bnnba) abta ciij gbjldistim ujt` alg, bjm d`nn`wta `tair tabj tai cinlivir's wby) bjm pridirs tairinlfl`j `d tai pi`pni `d Gihhb, lm`nbtry, `vir tai rinlfl`j `d tai cinlivirs, (Vi bpp`ljt d`r alg tabt

ujt` walha ai algsind abta turjim) Vi sabnn nibvi alg t` tabt walha ai abs ha`sij lj tals w`rnm, (bjmixp`si alg ujt` ainn) lj tai Airibdtir (b abpniss kùrjiy's ijm) wlnn ci als untlgbti h`jsiquijhi!

J@]I;Oj`wnimfibcni_Wsbys, airi J`cni-Gissijfir_

)Wixpnlhltny gibjt Frbhlùs-Ur`pait

( bjm "`tair tabj tabt `d Gusnlgs ixprissis (Brbclh; ( `tair rinlflùs Ubtas cislmisLsnbg, nloi Kumblsg, Harlstlbjlty, Cummalsg, Rbmlybjlsg ith. Lj tals h`jtixt hbj ljhnumi Mivlbt`rs(Brbclh; )bs winn d`r ljstbjhi Sbdmalis_ W`r Xbnbdlsts_ Wbjm tailr vbrlùs crbjhais lj mlddirijt

d`rgs cihbusi taiy bns` `pp`sis Frbhlùs-Gissijfir(

) bjm als cin`vim Yggba (Gusnlgs Vby),

`rlfljbnny ijigy t` tailr prihlùs Cinlid bjm Dblta, bfriim pbta (Brbclh; ), sih`jmny t` tailrcn``m (ld f`t abjms `j wibp`js).

Dbqiir Cuoabrl( ).

@ciy (

); Sinlfl`j Lsnbg walha ls j` mùct ls b Tbnlm bjm Slfat Ubta bjm ld tbno (ljh`jtixt) bcùt lts prbhtlhbn bppnlhbtl`j s` lt ls @cimlijhi (Btb'bt_W gibjt ]bqniim_W


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Mbr-Abqq| Gbzabc Banbn-Xujjba Vbn-Kbgbba =

`d @rmirs bjm Bhts) walha rivibnim lj Rur'bj Xabriid bs, "(Gbda``g_W) ... @ Ui`pniwa` cinlivi! @ciy Bnnba bjm tai Sbs``n (J`cni Gissijfir) bjm ta`si bg`jfst y`uwa` bri lj buta`rlty _ "W ... _s.=;v.9


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h`ggujbnny bfriim (Brbclh;

) Dùr* Sùtis (Brbclh;

) rij`wj bs bn-Abjbdl_

W, bn-Gbnlol_

W, bn-Xabdbil_

W, bn-Abjgcbnl_

W bjm t` taisi dùr abvit` ci (Brbclh; ;) bt `ji stirjny? tairid`ri m` j`t gboi pbrtltl`js (Brbclh ) `d SlfatUbta `d Sinlfl`j (Brbclh; ) waij midljim (Lsnbglh Xabrlba) bjm abm ixpnbljim_W) ... Bjm a`nm dbst t` tai_W abs wbrjs t``,"(Gbda``g_W, cihbusi Bnnba

r`pi `d Bnnba, bnn `d yù t`fitair, bjm m` j`t ci mlvlmim ... _s.8;v.258W"

BMM J@]I; _]bjwlr bn-Glqcbs glj ]bdslr Lcj BccbsW Oj`wnimfibcni sbys? (Bjm a`nm dbst, bnn `d yù

t`fitair, t` tai hbcni `d Bnnba) a`nm dbst t` tai Sinlfl`j `d Bnnba bjm Als C`ò, (bjm m` j`t sipbrbti) ljrinlfl`j. (Bjm rigigcir Bnnba's dbv`r ujt` yù) cy flvljf yù Lsnbg; (a`w yi wiri ijiglis) cid`ri

Lsnbg (bjm Ai gbmi drlijmsalp citwiij yùr aibrts) tarùfa Lsnbg (s` tabt yi cihbgi bs cr`tairs cyAls frbhi) cy Als rinlfl`j, Lsnbg? (bjm (a`w) yi wiri up`j tai crljo `d bj bcyss `d dlri) l.i. cihbusi `d

mlscinlid, (bjm Ai mlm sbvi yù dr`g lt) cy gibjs `d dblta. (]aus Bnnba gboita hnibr Als rivinbtl`js) Alsh`ggbjms, pràlcltl`js bjm dbv`rs (ujt` yù, tabt abpny yi gby ci fulmim) dr`g irr`r.

J@]I; _]bdslr Lcji BccbsW Oj`wnimfibcni_W sbys? ]w` ]rlcis abm b n`jf ijglty (bjm dùfatrifunbrny) cut bdtir pr`hnbgbtl`j_ W taiy ijtirim lj Lsnbg bjm ris`nvim (ijmim) bnn tailrmlsputis bjm cih`gis pibhidun t` ibha `tair. ]als wbs j`t diins winn cy Kiws tairid`ri stbrtimh`jsplrbhy t` m` sipbrbtl`j taus bt `ji `hhbsl`j waij taiy (]rlcis Nibmir)sbt bjm mlshussljf gbttirs(ljhnumljf `nm ijglty)Kiws wiri s`gia`w bcni t` suhhiim t` pr`vòi ijglty j abtrim tarùfa simltl`j

`jhi bfblj taus lfjltis tai dlfat (taiy cifuj)up`j walha tals A`j`rbcni-Tirsi_ Wsijt (Brbclh; )

t` Frbhlùs-Ur`pait_ W, bjm bdtir nlstijljf t` tals A`j`rbcni-Tirsi_ Wcihbgi bwbri tabtKiws wbjt us t` spnlt bjm dlfat bnwbys `tairwlsi tairi ls j` suha oljm `d ljtijtl`js bg`jf us.

]als Cnissim-Uritixt_ W bns` alfanlfats tabt, Gusnlgs Yjlty_ W abs ciij bnwbys n`btai cy`pp`jijts (Brbclh; )bjm airi sa`wj cy Kiws, tairid`ri bjtl-`jis (j`r Kiws `jny cut bns` `tairs t``) bnwbys up t` cribo `r spnlt lt cy bjy gibjs _usubnny taiy ljdlntrbti tarùfa mivlbt`rs (Brbclh; ) ld hùnmjtbcni t` m` mlrihtnyW. Dbqiir Cuoabrl( ).

MIJ@]I;C`ta ixpnbjbtl`j `d sbgi Cnissim-Tirsi_ W bri alfanlfatljf `r sby suckihtljftai sbgi h`jtixt, gibjt lj ]bjwlr bn-Glqcbs, lt wbs gijtl`jljf h`gprisslviny (Brbclh; )bcùt ]rlcis dlfat. ... Bjm rigigcir Bnnba's dbv`r ujt` yù) cy flvljf yù Lsnbg; (a`wyi wiri ijiglis)cid`ri Lsnbg (bjm Ai gbmi drlijmsalp citwiij yùr aibrts)tarùfa Lsnbg (s` tabtyi cihbgi bs cr`tairs cy Als frbhi)cy Als rinlfl`j, Lsnbg ..., wairibs tai dlrst `ji (walha wbsprisijtim cid`ri nbtir bmmltl`j)`d sbgi wbs ixprissljf h`gpriaijslviny (Brbclh; )tai bhtubn

cbhofrùjm (]rlcis dlfat)up`j walha tals A`j`rbcni-Tirsi_ W wbs sijt (Brbclh; ).

_J@]I; D`r sbdity gibsuris (prihbutl`j), wi abvi bmmim durtairg`ri Cnissim-Uritixt_

W, dr`g ]bjwlr bn-Glqcbs glj ]bdslr Lcj Bccbs_ W, ujmir iviry

Cnissim-Tirsi cy BMM J@]I(s) _friij h`n`rimW lj virldlhbtl`j t` durtair strijftaijljf taih`jtixt ciljf mlshussim `r alfanlfatim (purp`si `d prisijtljf Rurbjlh Tirsis), wairibs bnnJ@]I(s) bdtir Bmm J`ti(s) ixpnbjbtl`js, s` g`stny bnn `d wiri tboij dr`g Kurlsprumijhi &Cnissim-Nldi C`òs bs winn bs vbrlùs ]rbjshrlpts_W.W

Xlglnbrny t` Lsnbglh Xabrlba_

W, lj rispiht t` lts bppnlhbtl`js (Brbclh;

)d`r ùtwbrm (Brbclh;

) lj sbgi gbjjir Xabrlba_

W bns` fbvi (Brbclh;

) d`rljwbrm (Brbclh; ), mlstljhtlviny oj`wj bs Lsnbglh ]bsbwwud_ W riprisijttarùfa Mlvlji Vbys (Brbclh; ,), bjm bhh`rmljf t` igljijt Oj`wnimfibcni

tairi bri jibrny D`rty Tbnlm Sùtis (Brbclh;

) `r Hirtldlhbtis (Brbclh;

),bg`jfst taig diw bri Jbqsacbjml_

W, Rbmlrl_

W, Xuabrwbrml_

W,Halsatl_ _W, Xabzunl _W,Sldbl _W, Xabttbrl _W, ]lkbjl .W bjm s` `j d`rta

Sih`ggijms; Bns` ribm, ]ai M`ht`rs `d Lsnbglh Nbw cy Almbyb Sisibrha, hnlhoscin`w; attp;//almbybrisibrha.h`g/tai-hbsi-wlta-dbtwbs/


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Sih`ggijms; Bns` ribm, ]ai F`nmij Hablj `d Lsnbglh Xha`nbrs cy AlmbybSisibrha, hnlhos cin`w; attp;//almbybrisibrha.h`g/tai-f`nmij-hablj-`d-lsnbglh-sha`nbrs/

Bj `rmirs `d Lsnbg, oj`wj bs Lsnbglh Xabrlba_ W, midljim (Brbclh; ) lj Rur'bj

Xabriid bjm Frbhlùs-Xujjba_ W*, mishrlcim _bdtir ixtrbhtl`j bjmslgpnldlhbtl`jW t` us cy Oj`wnimfibcni_ W, up`j walha ixihutljf bhtshbnnim (glglh `d @rmirs bjm Bhts) bs `cimlijhi (Brbclh; -) `d Bnnba bjm Als CijivìnjtGissijfir( ), sabnn ci `ciyim bjm d`nn`wim bhh`rmljfny (rispihtim Kurlsprumijhi| ) bjm `tair tabj Sinlfl`j Lsnbg _b Tbnlm bjm Slfat UbtaW ljhnumljf wltalj Lsnbg (gibjtujbutaijtlh | mivlbtim) wlnn j`t `jny ci riduti cy BNNBA_W cut flvis strlht pujlsagijtgibjt Ainn d`rivir ld trlis t` d`nn`w `r prbhtlhis (Ljvbnlm `r Vr`jf Ubta).

A`wivir rigigcirs, lt ls Bnnbas frbhlùs hust`g (Yrmu;

) tabt abvi bnwbys sijtSLFA] UB]AX (Brbclh;

) tarùfa Frbhlùs-Ur`paits_(

( W bjm cysijmljf (lj ]ixtubn d`rg) A@N\ C@@OX_

W bjm ]IX]BGIJ]X (Brbclh;

)up`j taig_

W d`r A`j`rbcni bjm J`cni Uurp`si `d fulmbjhi (bg`jf `ji lsMlvljlty | ).

]airid`ri Ubtas bjjùjhim (Yrmu; ) cy insi Frbhlùs-Ur`paits_(

) W gust bns` t` ci cinlivim bjm Slfat (Brbclh; W_) cihbusi sijt cy Bnnba

bs winn cut bdtir pr`hnbgbtl`j (Yrmu;

) `d Frbhlùs-Ur`pait_ W j`w`jny Lsnbg ls bhhiptbcni bjm sabnn ci d`nn`ws cihbusi bnn privlùs Ubtas abm ciij hbjhinim(Brbclh; ,W, lj `tair w`rms j`t bhhiptbcni ld stlnn d`nn`wim `r prbhtlhljf_) cy Bnnbawaitair cy nbrfi gbk`rlty (Yrmu; .(

Xbgi bcùt tai C`òs (Brbclh;

) bjm ]istbgijts (Brbclh;

) sijt (Brbclh;

) up`jFrbhlùs-Ur`paits_(

( W gust bns` t` ci Cinlivim _ixhnumljf bntirbtl`js(Yrmu;

) lj taigW cut j`w tailr `rmirs bri j`t bppnlhbcni (Yrmu;

) cihbusi `dA`ny Rur'bj abs ciij flvij bs b Dljbn C`ò `d @rmirs" bjm ls `jny bppnlhbcni bjm

bhhiptbcni cihbusi privlùs C`òs abm ciij hbjhinim (Brbclh;

) cy Bnnba_

W.

Gusnlgs, hbnnim d`nn`wirs `d rinlfl`j LXNBG_W, b vbnlm bjm trui pbta, walha abs fbvihnibrny b strblfat nlji `d mlddirijhi bs privlùs rinlfl`js (Xijt cy Bnnba_

W) mlm, bsCinlivirs ( , bjm bns` hbnnim ) ) bjm J`j-Cinlivirs , bjm bns` hbnnim ,(tairid`ri suhhiss bri mihnbrim d`r `jny Gusnlgs bjm dblnuris bri d`r J`j-Gusnlgs (Kiws,Harlstlbjs, Cummalsts, Btailsts ith).

Ixprissljf b mlstljhtl`j citwiij Gusnlgs bjm Ljdlmins ljhnumljf Mivlbt`rs baibm wbs `jny tìjnlfatij tai H`jtrbmlhts (Yrmu; ) j`t gibjt t` lfjlti H`jdnlht (taiy wlnn ci abppijjbturbnny lj duturi (Xii Mij`ti_*W `j jixt pf.), waitair wi nloi lt `r j`t). ]aùfarigigcir tabt h`jtrbmlht (Yrmu; ) ltsind ls j`t cbm `r w`rst taljf cut bhtubnny lt ls d`rcinlivirs rih`fjltl`j (Yrmu; ) citwiij ]rui Ubta bjm Dbnsi Ubtas bjm ixbgljbtl`j`d stbjmljf (Brbclh;

) up`j Slfat-Xlmi (Slfat;

), a`wivir bnnlssuis hbj ci ris`nvipibhidunny bjm abjmni h`jvijlijtny, ld Slfat-slmi (Slfat;

) ciljf bhhiptim tarùfa n`vibjm miv`tl`j `r ld Slfat systig ls lgpnigijt.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _*W ]airi bri istlgbtim jibrny b Glnnl`j Cnissim Xbyljfs_ W bhh`rmljf t` butaijtlhOj`wnimfibcni_W, bjm bg`jfst sivirbn Xbyirs_W, Xlmjb Lgbg \bayb clj Gìij_ Wh`jtbljim (Brbclh;

)`r abm Glnnl`j lj als @ddlhi (Yrmu;

).


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MIJ@]I; _*W Lj d`rta brtlhnis, ld p`sslcni, taij winn ixpnblj ta`si gbk`r dbht`rs `r p`sslcnihbusis `d lt walha hùnm gboi b wby d`r iruptl`j `r lfjltl`j.

]airid`ri lts j`t tai gbttir `d XIH]BSLBJLXG `r AB]SIM `r H@JDNLH] citwiijOj`wnimfibcni-]ruta_

Wbjm Bjtl Uribhairs (Ljtrumirs_

W bjm tailr

Mbros_

W) cut bhtubnny dlrst lt ls bcùt tai @SLFLJBN UB]A, tai Slfat-Xlmi (Brbclh;

)Cinlid & Dblta (Brbclh; ), walha bns` tai Oj`wnimfibcni-]ruta_ W slfjldlis bjm dlfatljf (Brbclh; ) d`r, sih`jm bcùt risp`jslclnlty* bjm

talrm bcùt alfanlfatljf h`rriht kumfgijts (Brbclh; ) bjm rih`fjltl`j (Brbclh;;) d`r bntirhbtl`j (Yrmu

) s` lj m``gsmby (Yrmu;

) j`ji hùnm hnblgs tabtFrbhlùs J`tbcnis & Oj`wnimfibcni_ W ojiw cut mlmjt tinn `r ljd`rg us s` tabtwi gby bns` siniht bjm ci `j tai rlfat-slmi (Yrmu; ) bjm d`nn`w lt. Sigljm @ciybc`vi.

Sinlfl`j ( ,W sbys lj Rur'bj Xabriid tabt_);Bnnba "(Gbda``g_W) ... Ljmiim tai

`jny trui rinlfl`j lj tai slfat `d Bnnba ls Lsnbg ... _s.8;v.2


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Sblsim s`gi quirlis lj nbst brtlhni bjm j`w airi flvljf s`gi bppr`prlbti bjswirs (dr`gDbqiir Cuoabrl(

)), Va` taiy bri bjm lj walha Frùp_

W taiy dbnn0 X` Bjswir d`r talstaiy cin`jfs t` Xbtbjlsts-Frùp_ W t``, bjm wlnn ci sijm t` Ainn d`rivir, jbrr`w

tabj Ljdlmins.Vay taiy gijtl`jim lj Rurbj Xabriid, sipbrbtiny dr`g Gusnlgs cut wltaLjdlmins (bt s`gi `hhbsl`js)0 Cihbusi `d tailr Aibrts abvi Sidutbtl`j, cnbspaiglis, mùcts,

bjm taiy bri tai mbjfirùs ijigy (ivij g`ri) kust nloi Ljdlmins_ W mui t` gbjy ribs`js,dlrst cy ixprissl`js (Ljdlmins bri Tlslcni bjm Oj`wj wairibs Mivlbt`rs bri Almmij bjmYjoj`wj s`gitlgis), sih`jm cy slglnbrlty wlta Ljdlmins (cy Aibrt), talrm str`jf tlis (ljtirgs `d ljdlntrbtl`j vlb h`jsplrbhlis), dùrta lgpnigijtbtl`j (vlb d`rhi ld fits risùrhis nloiwibp`j) `j h`gg`j Gusnlgs tailr Bvirts (wr`jf dblta bjm pirhiptl`js).Bri taiy_Wixlsts t`mby bs winn kust nloi lj tai pbst (Cittir-Ip`ha_ W bjm taij jibrcy t` Cittir-Ip`ha_ W bjm bdtir taij nbtir t` lt)0 X` yis bjm j`wbmbys ixlst lj vbrlùs d`rgs(hbnnim Xihts ixhnumljf ]rui `ji) bn`jf wlta hnibr lmijtltlis bjm spihldlhbtl`js.

Frbhlùs-Ur`pait_ W abm ljd`rgim (Brbclh; ) us 2=55 yibrs cid`ritabt (Gbda``g_

W) ... X`js `d Lsrbin_

W pbrtim ljt` sivijty-tw` frùps(Xihts). Gy Yggba wlnn pbrt ljt` sivijty-tarii frùps (Xihts). Xivijty-tw` `d

taig wlnn curj lj tai dlri, `jny `ji wlnn ci sbdi. ]aiy bri ta`si wa` d`nn`w gi bjmgy Xbabcb ... , bhh`rmljf t` Oj`wnimfibcni_W, 63 frùps (sihts) curj ljt` Ainncihbusi `d tailr wr`jf cinlids (Mivlbtl`j dr`g Z]rui Ubta `d Gusnlgs oj`wj bs _ W) j`r cihbusi `d tailr bhts (j`ti; ld Cinlids bri j`t h`rriht `r rlfat bhh`rmljf t`Lsnbg_

W taij rigigcir Bhts bri usiniss, j`t cijidlhlbn `r bhhiptbcni) a`wivir

h`jtrbry t` Mivlbt`rs (Brbclh; ) bc`vi stbtim bttrlcutis, Frbhlùs-Ur`pait_ Wbmmrissis (Brbclh; ) t` YGGBA_W hnibrny bt tai `hhbsl`j `d Bntirhbtl`j-Xirg`j_

_W tabt,(Gbda``g

W) ... L bg nibvljf tw` taljfs bg`jfst yù, ld a`nm taigdbst (str`jfny) s` yù wlnn jivir ci Bvirt, `ji ls C`ò_

W bjm sih`jm ls gyXujjba_W...,waij taisi ljstruhtl`js bri d`r nbtir Yggba_W tabj a`w hùnm ltci p`sslcni tabt j`t bppnlhbcni `r ljivltbcni t` d`nn`w lj Cittir-Ip`ha_ W, waij lt wbsprisijtim `r rivibnim (Brbclh; ).Sigljm Slfat Ubtabc`vi.

Sih`ggijms;Bns` ribm, XITIJ]\-]V@ XIH]X . . . VLNN CYSJ LJ AINN cy AlmbybSisibrha, Hnlho airi; attp;//almbybrisibrha.h`g/sivijty-tw`-frùps-`d-gusnlgs-wlnn-curj-lj-ainn/

A`w wi wlnn rih`fjlzi taig (isp. j`wbmbys, tai Mivlbt`rs)0 Gbk`r bg`jfst vbrlùs bri,nloi Xalb( )( ), gijtl`jim lj cnissim sbyljfs_ W cy V`rm ,dùjmbtl`j st`ji nby cy Bcmunnba clj Xbcba (b Kiw) bjm abvi vbrlùs Xlfjs bg`jf `ji lstai ridutbtl`j (ljhnumljf hursljf rij`wj bs Sipumlbti_

W) t` Cnissim-H`gpbjl`jsFrùp_

) ) W cislmis bhhiptljf (kust b hnblg) ixpnlhltny J`cni-Dbglny_ ) ) W bjm Haist-Cibtljf_W wairibs sivirbn cnissimvirsis_ W hbgi lj A`j`r `d Cnissim-H`gpbjl`js_ ) ) W bjmtailr Bht (Haist Cibtljf) ls j`t pr`vij dr`g Xabrlba & ]brlqba_ W, bjm taiy bridurtair mlvlmim ljt` sivirbn crbjhais. Bj`tair lsJbkbmlis( )( ), stbtim ljcnissim sbyljfs_

W cy V`rm , dlrst dùjmbtl`j st`ji (hbjsby) nby cy [un-Oawblysrba_ - W, wairibs lj 26ta Hijtury bnlvi `jhi bfblj cyGuabggim clj Bcmun-Vbabc bn-Jbkml, viry abrm_

W bjm cbrcbrlh_

W bjm w`rst `dtaig taiy bnn mlmcnbspaiglis lj a`j`r `d Frbhlùs-Ur`paits_(

) W--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_*W Oj`wnimfibcni_Wsbys, tabt wùnm ci dr`g cnissljfs (Brbclh; )`d Cijiv`nijt-Gissijfir `d

Bnnba_ W. _ZWLj jixt brtlhni, wi abvi miplhts bcùt tai trui pbta `r rlfat siht (Brbclh; .(


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Mbr-Abqq| Gbzabc Banbn-Xujjba Vbn-Kbgbba

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Rise of an Ummah from al-Maghreb [English]