4
Ringkasan Classroom management involves planning organization and control of learners, the learning process and the classroom environment to maintain an effective learning. The critical task for teachers is to achieve their stated goals through effective use of all the different elements that are present in the complex setting of a conventional classroom. An important element of the classroom-management process concerns the range of behaviours that may be present in a particular group of students, and the identification and implementation of appropriate strategies for handling these behaviours. Disruptive behavior is any behavior that appears problematic or inappropriate in the context of a given activity or to a certain teacher, include behaviour disturbance and emotional disturbance. The interventionist teachers can use four aspects of classroom organization include limiting setting through body language, responsibility training, back-up system (supported by policies at the school level and classroom structure. The interactive teacher sees children’s development as a product of interaction between internal and external factors. In 1965, William Glasser wrote Reality therapy/ Choice Therapy, contended that all behavior is internally motivated. Central to the theories is the belief that the role of the teachers is to help students make good choices by connecting student behavior to the associated consequences of that behavior. Glasser’s early principles were operationalized through class meetings, clear specifications of rules, the use of plans or

Ring Kasan

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

1

Citation preview

Ringkasan Classroom management involves planning organization and control of learners, the learning process and the classroom environment to maintain an effective learning. The critical task for teachers is to achieve their stated goals through effective use of all the different elements that are present in the complex setting of a conventional classroom. An important element of the classroom-management process concerns the range of behaviours that may be present in a particular group of students, and the identification and implementation of appropriate strategies for handling these behaviours. Disruptive behavior is any behavior that appears problematic or inappropriate in the context of a given activity or to a certain teacher, include behaviour disturbance and emotional disturbance. The interventionist teachers can use four aspects of classroom organization include limiting setting through body language, responsibility training, back-up system (supported by policies at the school level and classroom structure. The interactive teacher sees childrens development as a product of interaction between internal and external factors.

In 1965, William Glasser wrote Reality therapy/ Choice Therapy, contended that all behavior is internally motivated. Central to the theories is the belief that the role of the teachers is to help students make good choices by connecting student behavior to the associated consequences of that behavior. Glassers early principles were operationalized through class meetings, clear specifications of rules, the use of plans or contracts, and a series of steps designed to guide the teachers actions when dealing with problem behavior. Four needs of students, need to belong, need for power, the need for freedom and need for fun. Glassers approach stresses a positive, trusting atmosphere between teachers and students.

Discipline with dignity means treating students with same dignity that is granted teachers, administrators and staff. Four sets of needs of students and teachers are personal identity, connectedness, power and achievement. Curwin and Mendlers model focus is on maintaining student dignity and teaching responsible behavior. Three elements of this model are prevention, action, and resolution. A range of consequences can be established for each rule. In Curvin and Mendlers three-dimensional plan, teachers and students work together to develop the discipline plan to minimize or prevent classroom problems. it requires teachers to consider their values,their interactions with students, their contributions to discipline situations, and their teaching methods. The feedback that the teachers have received from classroom keeps the model current as students and classrooms change.

Pengurusan bilik darjah melibatkan organisasi perancangan dan kawalan pelajar, dalam proses pembelajaran dan persekitaran bilik darjah untuk mengekalkan pembelajaran yang berkesan. Tugas kritikal guru-guru untuk mencapai matlamat yang dinyatakan mereka melalui penggunaan elemen-elemen berbeza yang terdapat dalam persekitaran kelas konvensional yang kompleks. Satu elemen penting dalam proses pengurusan bilik darjah melibatkan pelbagai tingkah laku yang ada pada sesetengah kumpulan pelajar, dan pengenalpastian dan pelaksanaan strategi yang sesuai untuk mengendalikan tingkah laku. Tingkah laku disruptif merupakan sebarang tingkah laku bermasalah yang muncul atau tidak sesuai dalam konteks aktiviti tertentu atau kepada guru tertentu, termasuk gangguan tingkah laku dan gangguan emosi. Guru bercampur tangan boleh menggunakan empat aspek organisasi bilik darjah termasuk penetapan melalui bahasa isyarat, latihan pembentukan sikap tanggungjawab, sistem back-up (disokong oleh dasar-dasar di peringkat sekolah dan struktur bilik darjah. Guru interaktif melihat perkembangan anak-anak sebagai produk interaksi antara dalaman dan faktor-faktor luaran .Pada tahun 1965, William Glasser menulis Terapi Realiti / Terapi Pilihan, menegaskan bahawa semua tingkah laku bermotivasi dalaman. Pusat kepada teori ini adalah kepercayaan bahawa peranan guru adalah untuk membimbing pelajar membuat pilihan yang baik dengan menyambungkan tingkah laku pelajar kepada akibat yang berkaitan tingkah laku. Prinsip awal Glasser ini telah beroperasi melalui mesyuarat kelas, spesifikasi peraturan yang jelas, penggunaan pelan atau kontrak, dan satu siri langkah yang direka untuk menjadi panduan tindakan guru apabila berurusan dengan tingkah laku pelajar yang bermasalah. Empat keperluan pelajar ialah ingin dimiliki, ingin mendapat kuasa, ingin mendapat kebebasan dan ingin berseronok. Pendekatan Glasser menekankan suasana yang positif dan suasana saling mempercayai antara guru dan pelajar.Disiplin dengan digniti bermakna melayani pelajar dengan digniti yang sama oleh guru, pentadbir dan kakitangan. Empat set keperluan pelajar dan guru adalah identiti peribadi, keterkaitan, kuasa dan pencapaian. Model Curwin dan Mendler ini berfokus kepada pengekalan digniti pelajar dan pengajaran tingkah laku yang bertanggungjawab. Tiga unsur model ini adalah pencegahan, tindakan, dan resolusi. Pelbagai kesan boleh diwujudkan bagi setiap peraturan. Dalam pelan tiga dimensi Curvin dan Mendler itu, guru-guru dan pelajar- pelajar bekerjasama untuk membangunkan pelan disiplin untuk mengurangkan atau mencegah masalah di bilik darjah . Hal ini memerlukan guru-guru untuk mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai mereka, interaksi mereka dengan para pelajar, sumbangan mereka untuk mendisiplinkan situasi, dan kaedah pengajaran mereka . Maklum balas yang diterima oleh guru-guru dari kelas boleh disimpan sebagai model semasa pelajar dan perubahan bilik darjah.