RIICCM206D Support Plant Operations

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Reference Material

RIICCM206D Support Plant Operations

July, 2015 — J/N 9328-3G — © www.pertrain.com.au Page iii

Table of Contents

Contents1. General Obligations .......................................................................................................................... 2

2. Legislation and Site Policies ............................................................................................................. 2

2.1 Comply with Legislation and Site Procedures ........................................................................... 2

2.2 Meet Quality Requirements ....................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Comply with Standards ........................................................................................................... 4

2.4 Roles and Responsibilities ........................................................................................................ 4

3. Work Planning Procedure ................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 AttendWorkBriefings ............................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Obtain Applicable Data .............................................................................................................. 5

3.3 Interpret Information .................................................................................................................. 5

3.4 Plan Work .................................................................................................................................. 6

4. Work with Others ............................................................................................................................... 6

4.1 Team Member Coordination ...................................................................................................... 6

5. Safety ............................................................................................................................................... 7

5.1 Standard Operating Procedures ............................................................................................... 7

5.2 Site Safety Plan ......................................................................................................................... 7

5.3 Workplace Inspections .............................................................................................................. 8

5.4 Identifying Hazards ................................................................................................................... 8

5.5 Hazards Associated with Moving Plant ..................................................................................... 9

5.6 Job Safety Analysis ................................................................................................................... 9

5.7 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .................................................................................... 10

6. Environmental and Heritage Compliance ........................................................................................11

7. Communication ................................................................................................................................11

7.1 Verbal Communication ............................................................................................................ 12

7.1.1 Two-way Radio ........................................................................................................... 12

7.1.2 Telephone Systems and Mobile Phones .................................................................... 12

7.2 Written Communication ........................................................................................................... 12

7.2.1 Reports ....................................................................................................................... 13

7.3 Signals .................................................................................................................................... 13

7.3.1 Horn Signals ............................................................................................................... 13

7.3.2 Hand Signals .............................................................................................................. 13

8. TrafficManagement ........................................................................................................................ 14

8.1 Signage ................................................................................................................................... 15

SUPPORT PLANT OPERATIONS

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Support Plant Operations

9. Selecting Tools and Equipment ....................................................................................................... 16

9.1 Equipment Inspections ............................................................................................................ 16

10. Handling Resources ........................................................................................................................ 17

10.1 Hazardous Chemicals ............................................................................................................. 17

10.2 Safety Data Sheets ................................................................................................................. 17

11. InterpretingPlansandSpecifications .............................................................................................. 18

12. Identify and Protect Services .......................................................................................................... 18

12.1 Overhead Services .................................................................................................................. 19

12.2 Underground Services ............................................................................................................ 19

12.3 Service Codes ......................................................................................................................... 19

12.4 Locating Services .................................................................................................................... 20

12.4.1 Dial Before You Dig .................................................................................................... 20

12.4.2 Secondary Sources of Information ............................................................................. 20

12.4.3 Site Service Plan ........................................................................................................ 21

12.4.4 Service Pegs and Markers ......................................................................................... 21

13. Preparation for Plant Operations .................................................................................................... 21

14. Construction Site Pegs and Markers .............................................................................................. 23

14.1 Survey Reference Pegs .......................................................................................................... 23

14.2 Centre Line Pegs .................................................................................................................... 23

14.3 Batter Pegs ............................................................................................................................. 24

14.4 Excavation Offset Pegs ........................................................................................................... 25

15. Materials Delivery ........................................................................................................................... 25

16. Dump Truck Loading and Dumping ................................................................................................ 26

16.1 Loading Trucks ........................................................................................................................ 26

16.2 Loading Signals ....................................................................................................................... 26

16.2.1 Spotting Procedures ................................................................................................... 27

16.3 Blind Spots .............................................................................................................................. 27

16.4 Dumping .................................................................................................................................. 28

16.4.1 Spotting Procedures ................................................................................................... 29

16.5 Dumping Over a Face ............................................................................................................. 29

16.6 Stockpiling ............................................................................................................................... 30

16.7 Site Fill Dumping ..................................................................................................................... 30

16.8 Parking .................................................................................................................................... 31

17. Spreading and Compacting Materials ............................................................................................. 31

17.1 Basic Principles of Soil Technology ......................................................................................... 31

17.1.1 Soil and Fill Types ...................................................................................................... 32

17.1.2 Characteristics of Soil Types ...................................................................................... 32

July, 2015 — J/N 9328-3G — © www.pertrain.com.au Page v

Table of Contents

17.2 Spreading Fill .......................................................................................................................... 33

17.3 Compacting Materials ............................................................................................................. 33

18. Filling Excavations by Hand ............................................................................................................ 34

18.1 Fill Moisture Content ............................................................................................................... 35

18.2 Compaction ............................................................................................................................. 35

19. Responding to Emergency Situations ............................................................................................. 37

19.1 Emergency Response ............................................................................................................. 37

19.2 Fires ........................................................................................................................................ 37

19.3 Spills ........................................................................................................................................ 38

19.4 First Aid ................................................................................................................................... 38

19.5 Evacuation Procedures ........................................................................................................... 38

20. Post Operational Tasks ................................................................................................................... 39

20.1 Clean-up .................................................................................................................................. 39

20.2 Hazardous Chemicals Disposal .............................................................................................. 39

20.3 Equipment Inspection and Maintenance ................................................................................. 40

20.4 Equipment Storage ................................................................................................................. 40

20.5 Storing Tools, Plant and Equipment ........................................................................................ 41

20.6 Reports and Documentation ................................................................................................... 44

20.6.1 Hazard Reports .......................................................................................................... 44

20.6.2 End of Shift Reports ................................................................................................... 44

21. Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 45

Terms and Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... 46

Supporting Document Register ....................................................................................................... 48

© www.pertrain.com.au — J/N 9328-3G — July, 2015Page viii


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Disclaimer

This resource has been developed after extensive consultation with industry partners. It is a collaborative view anddoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewofanyspecificbody.Forthesakeofbeingconcise,itmayomitfactors that could be pertinent in particular cases. This product is meant for educational purposes only and is not a substitute or replacement for the workplace's existing policy and procedures.

While care has been taken in the preparation of this resource, Pertrain Pty Ltd does not warrant that any licensing orregistrationrequirementsspecifiedhereareeithercompleteorup-to-dateforyourStateorTerritory.PertrainPty Ltd does not accept liability for any damage or loss (including indirect and consequential loss) incurred by any person as a result of relying on the information contained in this resource.

Pertrain Pty Ltd, does not accept any liability to any person for the information or advice (or the use of such information or advice) which is provided in this resource or incorporated into it by reference. The information is provided on the basis that all persons (responsible RTO, trainers and assessors) accessing this material accept responsibility for assessing the relevance and accuracy of its content. No liability is accepted for any information or services which may appear in any other format. No responsibility is taken for any information or services which may appear on any linked websites.

July, 2015 — J/N 9328-3G — © www.pertrain.com.au Page 1


SUPPORT PLANT OPERATIONS

IntroductionThis training resource contains information required to support plant operations in civil construction. The resource includes the planning and preparation required to work in that role as well as details on identifyingandprotectingservices,directingandguidingoperatorsandfinishingexcavationjobsbyhand.

The resource contains information on spotting work. Emphasis is placed on accessing and applying safe work instructions, including signage and environmental protection measures.

On completion of this training you will be able to:

• obtain and interpret site safety and work procedures from the Site Safety Plan

• planandprepareforwork,usinginformationfrombriefingsanddocumentation

• identify and protect services

• guide and support operators with spotting activities

• direct delivery vehicles and materials

• conduct housekeeping activities

• process written and verbal reports and records.

NOTE This training resource is a guide only. Always follow site standard operating procedures when performing work.

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1. General ObligationsYou are obliged to act responsibly and perform work safely. You are also expected to take reasonable care to protect the health and safety of yourself and others by:

• reporting to a supervisor or safety representative any unsafe conditions, activities, dangerous occurrences or injuries

• using correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• using your work site's lock and tag system (if applicable)

• reporting damaged or defective equipment for repair

• notattemptinganytaskunlessyouarequalified,authorised,competentandconfidenttoperformthetaskinasafemanner.

2. Legislation and Site PoliciesYou must access and understand government legislation and site guidelines to perform your work within the regulations. Compliance documentation may include:

• legislative acts and regulations

• employment and workplace health and safety procedures

• organisational and site requirements and procedures

• manufacturerguidelinesandspecifications

• national standards

• codes of practice.

2.1 Comply with Legislation and Site ProceduresDuringyourgeneralandsitespecificinductionsyouwouldhavebeenfamiliarised with organisational and site policies and procedures. These have been developed in accordance with legislation and are designed to ensure that work is undertaken safely.

Gather and read all relevant documents and procedures for the task that you are doing. Ensure that you understand the documents and how they apply to your work.

The general hierarchy of statutory and organisational compliance documentation is shown in the following table.

HERE‛S TO A SAFEDAY‛S WORK !

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5.5 Hazards Associated with Moving PlantWorking near moving plant can be a high-risk activity. You must ensure the safety of persons working on site when guiding mobile plant operations. Be aware of machine characteristics and limitations when planning and carrying out your work. Refer to site safe work procedures when carrying out your work.

The following hazards are associated with moving plant on construction sites:

• operation near site workers or public

• unauthorised public and worker access

• damage to underground services

• collision with overhead power and communications lines

• collisions while reversing

• loading and unloading vehicles

• speeding

• working too close to an embankment or excavation

• parking in a dangerous location

• poor driving habits

• poor visibility.

CAUTION Remain aware of heavy equipment working in your vicinity. The visibility around most heavy vehicles is limited, and the driver may not be able to see you as you disappear out of the vehicle’s line of sight.

5.6 Job Safety AnalysisConduct a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) if the following conditions occur:

• written job procedures for a complex task do not exist

• where clearance or a permit is required, forexampleworkinginaconfinedspaceor near high voltage lines

• equipment brought to the site generates an unusual hazard.

Typical Grader Operator Visibility©

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The diagram below shows commmon hand signals used when directing and spotting vehicles.

8. Traffic ManagementTrafficsignageisanessentialpartofsafetyat a work site. Signs, cones, fences and solid barriers are used to prevent access to work areas, and to restrict plant operations within site boundaries.

Identifythepersonnelresponsiblefortrafficcontrol responsibilities and coordinate signage requirements with your supervisor and plant operators working at the site.

Emergency Stop Raise

Lower

Retract Boom Extend Boom

Start Engine Stop Engine Come To Me Move Away From Me

Go This Far All Stop And Hold

Left Right

Travel and Traverse

Vehicle Hand Signals

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Cone Barrier

Barrier Fence



4. Savethefillmaterial.Undergroundservicesarecommonlybackfilledwithselectedmaterialtoprotect the pipe or other conduit from corrosion and compression damage. Colour coded barrier tape is sometimes laid over cables and pipes. If youintersectbackfillorbarriertapeyouknowthatyouarenearingtheconduit.

5. Place a marker peg directly above the service at both ends, as shown in the diagram. The marker should indicate the type of service and the burial depth.

6. Centre the excavation zone about the markers.

Marking the Excavation Zone

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Excavation Area

WATER

WATER

10 m

10 m

Water Peg

Water Pipe

Water Peg

7. If the water pipe or other service conduit is to be excavated, install a tape or a physical barrier to ensure that the service is protected.

DANGER Never leave an unprotected hole without placing a protective barrier around it.

Barrier Tapes

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Red and White

Yellow and Black

DangerNo access allowed

CautionArea may be entered but use caution

Safety Mesh Fencing

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Control Public Access



14. Construction Site Pegs and MarkersPegs and markers are used to indicate work area dimensions and levelling or spreading requirements for roadbeds and other construction features. They are used to ensure that construction quality requirementsaremet,suchasdimensions,tolerancesandtechnicalspecifications.Markersareplaced by engineers and surveyors, who identify locations using site drawings and survey equipment. Surveyors refer to a bench mark, which is a wooden or steel pin that is tied into a grid that indicates location and elevation.

Check the location of pegs and markers in accordance with the procedures. Advise machine operators of the locations of the pegs and markers to ensure that the work complies with the requirements.

NOTE If you discover a bench mark that has been moved, notify your supervisor immediately. Failure to do so may cause serious miscalculations in the placement of construction features.

14.1 Survey Reference PegsSurvey and other reference control pegs are marked with information relating to the construction activity.

Survey control datum points have co-ordinates and the revel marked on them. Survey control datum posts are painted red and white. Permanent Survey Markers (PSM), however, aremarkedwithabluepostforidentification.

14.2 Centre Line PegsCentre line pegs are used to mark road centre lines. They are usually white, and marked with the chainage from the start point.

Survey Reference Peg Markers

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FACING

Cut to 2.35 m at the Centre Line

The Centre Line is 5.0 m from this peg

C2.35

5.0 m

CL

C2.35

5.0 m

BACK VIEW

This peg is 50 m from the start of

construction

50.0

0

50.0

0

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0.0

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Centre Linechainage

startCL

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Centre Linechainage

Centre Line Peg

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16.4.1 Spotting Procedures

Follow these guidelines when monitoring a dumping area.

• If possible, avoid locations requiring uphill dumping, as greater energy is required to lift the load, and extra stress is put on the machine trunnions and frame.

• Maintain clear communication with support plant such as dozers and graders.

• Remain in clear view of the operators.

• Keep a constant lookout for personnel, equipment and other vehicles.

• Check the dumping area for spillage and have it cleared to avoid damage to tyres.

16.5 Dumping Over a FaceFollow these guidelines when the loaded material is to be dumped over a face.

• Ensure that the ground is hard, level and free of rocks and spillage.

• Direct the truck so that it drives parallel to the face edge, then reverses to the dump site.

• Check that the way is clear for the driver to reverse to a position parallel to the edge, as shown in the diagram below.

• If the load is to be dumped over the edge, direct the truck to the safety berm.

Reversing at a Dump

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18. Filling Excavations by HandTakecarewhenselectingandplacingfillmaterialinexcavationstomaintaindrainageandstructuralsecurity,particularlyaroundservicesorinpavedareas.Ifimproperfillisusedinpavedareas,forexample, the material will settle and cause the pavement to slump or lose its shape, causing further erosion problems.

Shovels and other hand tools are commonly used where extra care is required to prevent damage to conduits and buried services while they are being buried.

Selectthesoilandfilltypescarefully.Ifgravelandotherlargeparticlesizefillsaredumpeddirectlyonto conduits they may puncture the insulation orprotectivesheath,whilefinefillssuchassand or clay may be a better selection.

• Alwaysrefillanexcavationwiththematerialsspecifiedintheworkdrawingsand instructions.

• Establish a proper foundation and then place and compact the correct type of structuralfillinginuniformlayers.

• Material placed within 300 mm of a culvert or foundation structure must consistoflayersofpermeablefillinginterspersedwithotherfillnotexceeding150 mm in loose (not compacted) thickness.

• Donotplacefillagainstconcretefoundations within 14 days of casting.

• Do not allow vibratory compaction plant, for example static rollers to contact the concrete structure.

Grade Change

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Required grade

Pegs at 2 m intervals

Grade 3 cmtoo low

Grade 3 cmtoo highGrade OK

Peg Peg

String - 300 mm aboverequired grade

Steel Pipe Fill Requirements

150 mm

50 mm minUnder Pipe

Barrel

Back Fill

Overlay

Bedding

SideSupport

600 mm min©

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20.5 Storing Tools, Plant and EquipmentItem Maintenance Storage

Axles, Chisels, Cutters

A. Point

B. Chisel

C. Blunt

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Check the handle for splinters or cracks. Maintain a sharp cutting surface.

Protect the blade with a guard.

Hammers, sledges

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Check the handle for splinters and cracks.

Ensurethatthehandleisfirmlyattached to the head.

Stow hammers in a toolbox to prevent tripping hazards and rusting.

Wrenches


Straighten the handle if required. Replace wrenches that have burred or worn edges.

Stow wrenches in a toolbox to prevent tripping hazards and rusting.

Saws


Keep the teeth sharp. Ensure that the handle screws (e.g. on a hacksaw) are tightened.

Protect the teeth with a sleeve.

Shovels, Spades, Crowbars

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Check the handle for splinters and cracks.

Ensurethatthehandleisfirmlyattached to the blade.

Lean the tools against a barrier to prevent tripping hazards and rusting.



Terms and AcronymsThe following are terms commonly used on some sites. Space is provided over the page for you to add terms and acronyms common to your site.

Term Meaning

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

A risk management process that focuses on job tasks to identify potential hazards, assess risks and determine suitable controls to manage risks.

A JSA:

• must be completed before a high risk task commences

• is a written record that could be used in a court of law if a serious incident occurs in the workplace

• must be signed off by all parties who have responsibility for the work to be performed under the JSA.

Also called a Job Step Analysis (JSA), Job Safety and Environment Analysis (JSEA) or Job Hazard Analysis (JHA).

Permits Permits are required for certain jobs that have high risk potential. Some permits used on work sites include Hot Work Permit, Permit to Dig/Penetrate,ConfinedSpaceandWorkatHeightsPermits.

Site Procedures Site procedures are documented ways of working to achieve an acceptable level of risk. A procedure can be a Standard Work Procedure (SWP), Safe Work Instruction (SWI) or Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Procedures are a legal requirement and outline the workplace method and processes for carrying out tasks safely and in an environmentally sustainable way. Procedures are developed after consultation with workers and are monitored and amended as required. Procedures contain detailed information such as:

• a description of the task

• a list of tools and equipment required

• informationonidentifiedhazardsassociatedwiththetask

• risk controls, including training requirements

• sequentialstepstoperformthetasksafelyandefficiently

• references to applicable workplace health and safety acts, regulations and policies.

Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS)

A SWMS documents a process for identifying and controlling health and safety hazards and risks. A SWMS must be prepared for all high-risk activities and contains detailed information such as:

• the type of high risk work to be performed

• associated hazards and risks

• risk management controls to be put in place

• how the risk controls will be implemented, monitored and reviewed.



Supporting Document RegisterUse this register to note the location of important supporting documentation such as your site operating and safety procedures, work instructions, relevant standards, equipment manuals and safety alerts/bulletins.

Document Name Document Description Location/How to Access Document

P +61 7 5445 2233 F +61 7 5445 2245

E [email protected]

PostalPO Box 713

Buderim Qld 4556Australia

Office8 Ure Court

Buderim Qld 4556Australia

Copyright © 2014 Pertrain Pty Limited. All rights reserved.

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Documents

RIICCM206D Support Plant Operations