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Rigor and Relevance in Your Classrooms
November 8, 2011
Dr. Richard D. Jones, Student of Learning
Email [email protected] Twitter @rdjleader
2
Successful Practices Network
www.nyctecenter.org
@rdjleader@rigorrelevance
#LICTE
2
3
Margaret MeadMargaret Mead
• " Never doubt that a small group of citizens can change the world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has.”
There aren’t two worlds -- education and work, there is one world -- life
Willard WirtzWillard Wirtz
Which Sandwich?
ClubTurkey
Egg SaladTuna Salad
BLT
Ham and Cheese
Seafood Salad
Chicken Salad
Veggie Choice
What is Rigor and Relevance?
6
Is Teaching for Rigor and Relevance an example of
Differentiated Instruction?
7
Is Teaching for Rigor and Relevance an example of
Student-centered Learning?
8
Is Teaching for Rigor and Relevance an example of Activity-based Learning?
9
Is Teaching for Rigor and Relevance an example of
Interdisciplinary Learning?
10
Is Teaching for Rigor and Relevance an example of Project-based Learning?
11
The Answer is NO
• The following are all examples of Rigorous and Relevant teaching and learning– Differentiated Instruction– Student-centered Learning– Active Learning– Interdisciplinary Instruction– Project-based Learning
12
Which of the following is the highest levels of learning?
1.Read a description of a science experiment and list the necessary materials to perform the experiment.
2.Locate and read a current article on biotechnology, summarize the innovation and benefits to humans.
3.Read and analyze three original newspaper articles from WW II and identify reasons for public opposition to US entry into the war.
4.Write directions on how to connect new television to cable and DVD recorder.
12
13
What makes a lesson rigorous and relevant for a
student?
ActivityActivity
Think-Pair-Share
14
What is Rigor?What is Rigor?
What is Relevance?What is Relevance?
Subtle DifferencesSubtle Differences
MisconceptionsMisconceptions
15
Rigor, Relevance, Relationships
Worthy goal, fuzzy
concept
16
Rigor, Relevance, Relationships
Make Rigor and
RelevanceQuantifiabl
e
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
What does clockwise rotation look like?
ActivityActivity
1910811 22 33 44 55
Action/ApplicationAction/Application
Thinking /KnowledgeThinking /Knowledge
11
22
33
44
55
66
Rigor/Relevance FrameworkRigor/Relevance Framework
RelevanceRelevance
RigorRigor
20
Rigor/Relevance FrameworkRigor/Relevance Framework
• 1. Recall Knowledge
• 2. Comprehension
• 3. Application
• 4. Analysis
• 5. Synthesis
• 6. Evaluation
1. Application within discipline
2. Knowledge of one discipline
3. Application across disciplines
4. Application to real world predictable situations
5. Application to real world unpredictable situations
KnowledgeKnowledge ApplicationApplication
Low
High
2114
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DC
Rigor/Relevance FrameworkRigor/Relevance Framework
RoutineMemorization
Four Quadrants of Learning
ComplexAnalytical
ChallengingReal World
PracticalHands On
High
HighLow
Low Acquisition
A
Application
B
AdaptationD
Assimilation
C
22
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
Low
Read a description of a science
experiment and list the necessary materials to perform the experiment.
Read a description of a science
experiment and list the necessary materials to perform the experiment.
Read and analyze three original
newspaper articles from WW II and
identify reasons for public opposition to
US entry into the war.
Read and analyze three original
newspaper articles from WW II and
identify reasons for public opposition to
US entry into the war.
Write directions on how to connect new television to cable and DVD recorder.
Write directions on how to connect new television to cable and DVD recorder.
Locate and read a current article on
biotechnology, summarize the
innovation and benefits to humans.
Locate and read a current article on
biotechnology, summarize the
innovation and benefits to humans.
Opening Question
23
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
Low
Demonstrate web development
software functions.
Demonstrate web development
software functions.
Compare features of web
development software.
Compare features of web
development software.
Create a full web site for a local
business.
Create a full web site for a local
business.
Design web page.Design web page.
Business - Info. Tech
24
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
LowList safety
procedures.List safety
procedures.
Compare heat loss ratings and cost of building
materials.
Compare heat loss ratings and cost of building
materials.
Design and construct storage
shed.
Design and construct storage
shed.
Use power tools correctly.
Use power tools correctly.
Construction
25
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
LowList parent
responsibilities.List parent
responsibilities.
Analyze homes for child safety
hazards.
Analyze homes for child safety
hazards.
Conduct Safety audits of homesConduct Safety audits of homes
Demonstrate child care tasks with simulated
infant.
Demonstrate child care tasks with simulated
infant.
Family and Consumer Sci.
"Never let your expectations be limited by what you think
is possible."
Benjamin Bloom
27
Raising the Level to Quadrant D
ActivityActivity
3
Apply knowledge
across disciplines
4
Apply to real-world predictable
situation
5
Apply to real-world
unpredictable situation
Application 3
Analysis 4
Synthesis 5
Evaluation 6
D
Adaptation
Students think in complex ways and apply acquired knowledge and skills, even when confronted with perplexing unknowns, to find creative solutions and take action that further develops their skills and knowledge.
High-level ApplicationHigh-level Knowledge
D Quadrant
• adapt• evaluate• validate• justify• design• create• referee• infer• revise• teach• dramatize• argue• conclude
• evaluation• lesson• estimation• solution• experiment• trial• editorial• presentation• machine• adaptation• poem• debate• new game• invention
Verbs Products
30
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
Low
Raising Level of Rigor
31
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
LowPrepare luncheon meal
for 20 people.Prepare luncheon meal
for 20 people.
Raising Level of Rigor
Revise a menu and prepare luncheon when four people are require
special meals
Revise a menu and prepare luncheon when four people are require
special meals
32
Benefits of Using the R/R Framework
Tool for collaboration and reflection
Inclusive
Shift focus to student learning
Increased student engagement
Prepare for Next-Generation Assessments
Framework for selecting strategies and assessments
Tool for collaboration and reflection
Inclusive
Shift focus to student learning
Increased student engagement
Prepare for Next-Generation Assessments
Framework for selecting strategies and assessments
33
Common Core State StandardsELA - Six Shifts in Learning
1. Increase in Nonfiction Texts
2. Content Area Literacy
3. Increase Text Complexity
4. Text-Based Answers
5. Focus on Writing Arguments
6. Academic Vocabulary
33
Increase in Nonfiction Texts
INT
ER
DIS
CIP
LIN
AR
Y
Content AreaLiteracy
Incr
ease
Tex
t C
ompl
exity
Focus
on
Text-
Based
Que
stion
s
Focus o
n Writi
ng
Arguments
Academic Vocabulary
42
Rigor/Relevance Framework
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
Low
Teacher
Works
Teacher
Works
Student
Thinks
Student
Thinks
StudentThinks & Works
StudentThinks & Works
Student
Works
Student
Works
43
Rigor/Relevance FrameworkDid Students Get it Right?
18
RIGOR
RELEVANCE
A B
DCHigh
HighLow
Low RightAnswerRightAnswer
RationalAnswer
RationalAnswer
RightQuestionRightQuestion
RightProcedureRightProcedure
44
Rigor/Relevance Framework Quiz
•A
•B
•C
•D
•A
•B
•C
•D
Which Quadrant is labeled as High Rigor and High Relevance?
45
Rigor/Relevance Framework Quiz
•A
•B
•C
•D
•A
•B
•C
•D
Which Quadrant is most frequently tested ?
46
Rigor/Relevance Framework Quiz
•A
•B
•C
•D
•A
•B
•C
•D
Which Quadrant leads to greater engagement and retention of learning?
47
Rigor/Relevance Framework Quiz
Which defines Rigor?
More and longer assignmentsHigh level thinking and reflectionRigid deadlinesIncreased difficulty
More and longer assignmentsHigh level thinking and reflectionRigid deadlinesIncreased difficulty
48
Rigor/Relevance Framework Quiz
Which defines Relevance?
Learning is funStudent choiceNo
gradesApplication to the real world
Learning is funStudent choiceNo
gradesApplication to the real world
49
Rigor/Relevance Framework Quiz
•A
•B
•C
•D
•A
•B
•C
•D
Which Quadrant is most important?
50
Routes to High Rigor and Relevance
Pinnacle of High R/R
Adaptive Learning
Low R/R Quadrant A - Acquisition Learning
Crea
te G
old
Seal
Les
son U
se D-M
oment Strategies
Adapt
a G
old
Seal Le
sson
Ch
an
ge S
trate
gie
s
Ch
an
ge A
ssessm
en
ts
Make In
terd
isciplin
ary
Ad
d H
igh
RR
Task
Dick Jones, ICLE, 2010
51
R&R Framework ...A Useful Tool to Design
•Instructional Plans•Assessment•Instructional Strategies
51
52
Rigor/Relevance - Instruction
• Anchored in standards
• Backwards Design – “Begin with the End in Mind”
• Alignment of Instruction and Assessment
• Student-centered
• Naturally Differentiated
52
Key Elements
53
Strategies
55
“There are no best teaching strategies, only strategies that are most appropriate for expected
level of rigor and relevance”
56
Instructional Strategies for Rigor and Relevance
• Brainstorming • Cooperative Learning • Demonstration • Guided Practice • Inquiry • Instructional Technology• Lecture• Note-taking/Graphic
Organizers
• MemorizationPresentations/ExhibitionsResearch Problem-based learningProject DesignSimulation/Role-playing Socratic SeminarTeacher Questions Work-based Learning
57
More Instructional Strategies for Rigor and Relevance
• Artistic Expression • Compare and Contrast • Digital Media Production • Feedback and Reflection • Games • Instructional Technology –
Any-time• Instructional Technology –
Real-time• Learning Centers • Logical and Independent
Thinking
• Manipulatives and Models Physical Movement PlayService Learning Storytelling Summarizing Teaching Others Test Preparation Video Writing to Learn
58
Selection Selection of of
Strategies Strategies Based on Based on
Rigor/Rigor/Relevance Relevance FrameworFramewor
kk
59
Selection Selection of of
Strategies Strategies Based on Based on
Rigor/Rigor/Relevance Relevance FrameworFramewor
kk
"Never let your expectations be limited by what you think
is possible."
Benjamin Bloom
What does Quadrant D look like?
62
Kennesaw Mountain
"Education ceases to be learning when the 3 R's are
read, remember, and regurgitate."
D-MomentsD-Moments
Teach everyday for rigor and relevance.
65
D-Moments
•Short strategies within a daily lesson to increase student thinking and application into Quadrant D of the R/R Framework.
66
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D-Moments
• Short strategies within a daily lesson to increase student thinking and application into Quadrant D of the R/R Framework.
• Dispels perception that High Rigor/High Relevance takes more time.
66
67
Everyday Teaching for
Rigor and Relevance - Quadrant D Moments
68
D Moments• Around You• At Your Service• Can You See it Now?• Current Events• Fix It• Future Think• Google It• How Did That
Happen?• In Your Own Words• Justify Your Position
• Learning with PeersLego LandMedia CircusOriginal AnswersQuick WritesQuiz ShowRemind MeTell Me A StoryWhat If?Why Questions
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Around YouAround You• Connecting content to
student’s world• Relating literature to
their lives.• Use mathematical skills
with data students collect
• Making emotional connections to learning
• Connecting content to student’s world
• Relating literature to their lives.
• Use mathematical skills with data students collect
• Making emotional connections to learning
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
At Your At Your ServiceService
• Short service projects that relate to curriculum
• Students working in teams to help others
• Creating student work that benefits others
• Short service projects that relate to curriculum
• Students working in teams to help others
• Creating student work that benefits others
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Can You Can You See it Now?See it Now?
• Creating visuals or models that illustrate complex ideas
• Making scale models of very large or very small objects to better understand them
• Role-playing instructional concepts
• Creating visuals or models that illustrate complex ideas
• Making scale models of very large or very small objects to better understand them
• Role-playing instructional concepts
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Current Current EventsEvents
• Relate content to current events
• Use sports and other popular events as context for math, science or language skills
• Relate geography to events in the world
• Relate content to current events
• Use sports and other popular events as context for math, science or language skills
• Relate geography to events in the world
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Fix ItFix It• Spend time having
students learn from mistakes - their own and others.
• Make mistakes “learning opportunities”
• Spend time having students learn from mistakes - their own and others.
• Make mistakes “learning opportunities”
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Future Future ThinkThink
• Ask students to make future predictions
• Ask students to predict the ending to a story or suggest and alternative
• Predict future inventions
• Write science fiction
• Ask students to make future predictions
• Ask students to predict the ending to a story or suggest and alternative
• Predict future inventions
• Write science fiction
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Google ItGoogle It• Use Internet search
engines to find answers to related questions
• Assign “knowledge seekers”
• Practice advanced search techniques with Google tools
• Use Internet search engines to find answers to related questions
• Assign “knowledge seekers”
• Practice advanced search techniques with Google tools
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsHow Did How Did That That Happen?Happen?
• Trigger student curiosity
• Pose intriguing investigations
• Highlight conflicting observations
• Create student research questions
• Analyze story changes
• Trigger student curiosity
• Pose intriguing investigations
• Highlight conflicting observations
• Create student research questions
• Analyze story changes
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
In Your Own In Your Own WordsWords
• Challenge students to summarize
• Avoid repeating exact words but explaining in similar words
• Check for understanding
• Challenge students to summarize
• Avoid repeating exact words but explaining in similar words
• Check for understanding
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Justify Your Justify Your PositionPosition
• Challenge students to take position on an issue and develop a justification
• Ask students to take deliberate differing points of view
• Role play different perspectives
• Challenge students to take position on an issue and develop a justification
• Ask students to take deliberate differing points of view
• Role play different perspectives
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Learning Learning with Peerswith Peers
• Reflect on new learning in pairs
• Tutor others• Arrange for joint
presentations
• Reflect on new learning in pairs
• Tutor others• Arrange for joint
presentations
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Lego LandLego Land• Use Legos or other
building materials to construct visual representation of ideas prior to writing.
• Reflect on emotions with construction materials
• Use Legos or other building materials to construct visual representation of ideas prior to writing.
• Reflect on emotions with construction materials
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Media Media CircusCircus
• Relate curriculum to current movies, TV or music
• Have students use media to present ideas
• Relate curriculum to current movies, TV or music
• Have students use media to present ideas
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Original Original AnswersAnswers
• Instead of seeking students to arrive at correct answer, use open-ended problems for student to arrive at original answers.
• Instead of seeking students to arrive at correct answer, use open-ended problems for student to arrive at original answers.
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Quick Quick WritesWrites
• Short 3-5 minute writing exercises
• Use for checking for understanding
• Short 3-5 minute writing exercises
• Use for checking for understanding
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Quiz ShowQuiz Show• Have student create
appropriate questions based on knowledge of content
• Create game shows questions for other students
• Create and pose questions to one another
• Have student create appropriate questions based on knowledge of content
• Create game shows questions for other students
• Create and pose questions to one another
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Remind MeRemind Me• Have students create
memorization tools to recall essential facts and information
• Have students create memorization tools to recall essential facts and information
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Tell Me A Tell Me A StoryStory
• Convey information to students in story form
• Have students create stories to remember important ideas
• Have students create stories to influence others
• Convey information to students in story form
• Have students create stories to remember important ideas
• Have students create stories to influence others
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
What If?What If? • Change variables in math problems to extend student learning
• Change characters in story or events to have student analyze changes
• Change historical events and have students predict what would be different today
• Change variables in math problems to extend student learning
• Change characters in story or events to have student analyze changes
• Change historical events and have students predict what would be different today
Everyday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D MomentsEveryday Teaching for Rigor and Relevance: Quadrant D Moments
Why Why QuestionsQuestions
• Have students pose questions to analyze observations
• Have students “dig” to root causes but asking repeated why questions.
• Have students pose questions to analyze observations
• Have students “dig” to root causes but asking repeated why questions.
89
D Moments• Around You• At Your Service• Can You See it Now?• Current Events• Fix It• Future Think• Google It• How Did That
Happen?• In Your Own Words• Justify Your Position
• Learning with PeersLego LandMedia CircusOriginal AnswersQuick WritesQuiz ShowRemind MeTell Me A StoryWhat If?Why Questions
90
Benefits of Using the R/R Framework
Tool for collaboration and reflection
Inclusive
Shift focus to student learning
Increased student engagement
Prepare for Next-Generation Assessments
Framework for selecting strategies and assessments
Tool for collaboration and reflection
Inclusive
Shift focus to student learning
Increased student engagement
Prepare for Next-Generation Assessments
Framework for selecting strategies and assessments