Rights Revolution, 1960-1970

I. The Old RegimeA. PolicingB. ProsecutionC. Appellate oversight

II.Changing ContextA. TotalitarianismB. The Growth of State PowerC. Civil Rights MovementD. The Warren Court

III. The Reconstruction of Criminal ProcedureA. Overarching concepts

Constitutionalization, Nationalization, IncorporationB. Defendant’s rights

Privacy, Counsel, Fair police procedureIV. Reaction

The Old Regime

• Policing

• Prosecution

• Appellate oversight

Dead body of Lazarus Averbuch held up

by Chicago Police Captain Evans, 1908

Totalitarianism

• Democratic wars– WWII– Cold war

• Public Relations• Genuine idealism

Chain gang, circa 1900

Inmates at Nazi death camp

State Power• Regulatory state

• Internal Revenue Service

• Immigration and Naturalization Service

• Customs Service

• Armed Forces– Conscription– Curfews

• Federal Bureau of Investigation

• State governments

FG, Per Capita Expenditures, 1800-1990, in constant dollars

Civil Rights Movement

• Rights consciousness

• Regional variation

Woolworth’s sit-in, 1960

The Warren Court

• Political

• Willing to overturn precedent

Privacy

Dollree Mapp, 1957

Counsel

• At trial

• During interrogation

Danny Escobedo, 1966

Clarence Earl Gideon

Fair police procedure

Ernesto Miranda

Reconstructing

Criminal Procedure

• Concepts:

– Constitutionalization

– Nationalization

– Incorporation

Reaction

• Frustration with results leads to law and order politics