Rick Parent - CIS681

Background

Perception

Display Considerations

Animation Production

Video Technology

Orientation Representation

Rick Parent - CIS681

Perception

Persistence of Vision

Refresh rate v. update rate

Perception of Motion

Flicker, flicker rate

Positive Afterimage

Rick Parent - CIS681

Display Issues

Double buffering

CompositingAlpha channel

Shadows, drop shadows

Motion Blur

Rick Parent - CIS681

Analog Image Technology

Raster scan video v. projected film frame

Film cameras, plotters

CRT: TVs, PCs, workstations

Rick Parent - CIS681

Film

Format: dimensions, perforations, sound

Frames per second

Multiple exposures

Rick Parent - CIS681

Video - Raster Pattern

Rick Parent - CIS681

Interlaced Raster Pattern

Frame v. field

Rick Parent - CIS681

Video

NTSC: 29.97Hz, interlaced4:3 aspect ratio ~480 scanlines~640 (square) pixels

60Hz, progressive scan

Rick Parent - CIS681

Compression Techniques

Run-length encoding

LZW

Discrete Cosine Transform, Wavelet

YUV

Fractal

Rick Parent - CIS681

Codecs

Video I

RLE

Sorenson

Cinepak

GIF

MPEG-1

MPEG-2

MJPEG

Rick Parent - CIS681

Digital Video Formats

Animated GIF

MJPEG

MPEG

Rick Parent - CIS681

Movie Formats

Quicktime

Video for Windows

Rick Parent - CIS681

Non-linear Editing

Computer-basedEditing system

VCRWeb siteCD DVD

Disk

Source 2Source 1 Source n

DV camera

Rick Parent - CIS681

Animation Production

Production - sequence - shot -frame

storyboard

Pencil tests

Test shots

Key frames (extremes) and in-betweening

Rick Parent - CIS681

Animation Production

Art

Modeling

Lighting

Camera

Shading

Animating

Layout

Story

Rick Parent - CIS681

Technical Jobs

R&D

Production Support

Technical Director (TD)

Rick Parent - CIS681

Animation Principles

Arcs

Squash and Stretch Appeal

Follow Through / Overlapping Action

Secondary Actions

Exaggeration

Anticipation

Timing

Pose-to-pose v. Straight Ahead

Staging

Physics Presentation Aesthetics

Slow in & Slow out

Rick Parent - CIS681

Orientation Representation

Transformation Matrices

Fixed Angle

Euler Angles

Axis-Angle

Quaternions

Rick Parent - CIS681

Transformation Matrices

0

0

0

1

a

d

g

b c

e f

h i

0 0 0

Rick Parent - CIS681

Fixed Angles

E.g., (X,Y,Z)

X

Z

Y

Rick Parent - CIS681

Fixed Angle Interpolation

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

(0,90,0) to (90,0,0)

Rick Parent - CIS681

Euler Angles

X

Y

Z

x y

z

(e.g., z,y,x)

Rick Parent - CIS681

Axis-Angle

(Ax,Ay,Az,)

Euler’s rotation theorem

X

Y

Z

Rick Parent - CIS681

Quaternions

(cos(/2),sin(/2)*A)