A Comparison of International Rating Tools

17th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference23 - 26 June 2010 Milano

Richard Reed Anita Bilos

Sara Wilkinson Karl Werner-Schulte

Deakin University IRE|BS University RegensburgAustralia Germany

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Overview

1. Overview2. Challenges facing the rating of sustainable

buildings3. Complex systems of sustainable rating tools4. Comparison of sustainable rating tools5. Current questions about rating tools6. Where are rating tools heading?

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Figure 1. Diversity of Climatic Zones

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Figure 2. Complex System of International Rating Tools

Source: IRE|BS

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Figure 3. Countries with Various Rating Tool Development Levels

Source: IRE|BS

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Figure 4. Timeline of the Development of Rating Tools in Different Countries

Source: IRE|BS

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BREEAM LEED Green Star CASBEE DGNBLaunch Date 1990 1998 2003 2004 2009Ratings PASS/GOOD/VERY

GOOD/EXCELLENT/ OUTSTANDING

Certified/Silver/Gold/Platinum

One Star/Two Star/Three Star/Four Star/Five Star/Six Star

C/B-/B+/A/S Gold, Silver, Bronze

Weightings Applied to each issue category (consensus based on scientific/open consultation)

All credits equally weighted, although the number of credits related to each issue is a de facto weighting

Applied to each issue category (industry survey based)

Highly complex weighting system applied at every level

Applied to each issue category

Information Gathering

Design/management team or assessor

Design/management team or Accredited Professional

Design team Design/management team

Design/management team or Accredited Professional

Third Party Valuation

BRE N/A GBCA (Green Building Council of Australia) nominated assessors

Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium)

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS)

Certification labelling

BRE USGBC (United States Green Buildings Council)

GBCA JSBC DGNB

Update Process Annual As required Annual As required As requiredGovernance UK Accreditation Service

(UKAS)USGBC GBCA JSBC DGNB

Required qualification

Competent persons scheme

Passed exam Training scheme and exam N/A Training scheme and exam

Assessor/AP CPD requirements

Carry out at least one assessment per year

No CPD requirements Status renewed every three years

N/A No CPD requirements at this moment

Compound Annual Growth Rate

93% (1998-2007) 86% (2002-2007) Not available Not available Not available

Assessment Collation Fee*

£2000-£10000 ($3971-19857)

Up to £37,770 ($75000) £2015-4030 ($4002-8004) Unknown 6.000 – 15.000 €

Certification fee £740-£1500 ($1469-2979)

£1133-£11331 ($2250-22500)

£2550-£7185 ($5063-14268)

Unknown Unknown

Cost of credit appeals

Free £252 ($500) £403 ($800) Unknown Unknown

Credit interpretation requests cost/allowance

Free/unlimited number £111 ($220) unlimited number

Free/Maximum of two Unknown Unknown

Number of units certified**

110808 1823 50 23 19 certified, 28 pre-certification

Domestic 109450 540 N/A N/A AllNon-Domestic 1358 1283 50 23 -Availability of assessment information

Estimator tools are available free of charge. Guidance is currently only available to people who attend the training courses

The tools are available free of charge and technical guidance is available for £100 ($200)

The tools are available free of charge and the technical manual is available for £224 ($444)

The assessment tool and guidance is available free of charge in Japanese and English.

Guidance and checklists are only available for DGNB member. The website with general information is available in English.

Table 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools

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Table 2. Issue weighting comparison table

Source: BRE2008 & DGNB

DGNB

Ecological Quality 22,5

Economical Quality 22,5

Socio-cultural and Functional Quality

22,5

Technical Quality 22,5

Quality of process 10

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Current questions about rating tools…

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Is a five star building with one rating system directly comparable with a building using another rating system?

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Table 3. A Broad Comparison of Four Rating Tools

Source: BRE2008 modified by Authors

Gold

Silver

Bronze

DGNB

?? ?

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Which rating system is the most popular or which tool is the cheapest ?

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BREEAM LEED Green Star CASBEE DGNBLaunch Date 1990 1998 2003 2004 2009Ratings PASS/GOOD/VERY

GOOD/EXCELLENT/ OUTSTANDING

Certified/Silver/Gold/Platinum

One Star/Two Star/Three Star/Four Star/Five Star/Six Star

C/B-/B+/A/S Gold, Silver, Bronze

Weightings Applied to each issue category (consensus based on scientific/open consultation)

All credits equally weighted, although the number of credits related to each issue is a de facto weighting

Applied to each issue category (industry survey based)

Highly complex weighting system applied at every level

Applied to each issue category

Information Gathering

Design/management team or assessor

Design/management team or Accredited Professional

Design team Design/management team

Design/management team or Accredited Professional

Third Party Valuation

BRE N/A GBCA (Green Building Council of Australia) nominated assessors

Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium)

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS)

Certification labelling

BRE USGBC (United States Green Buildings Council)

GBCA JSBC DGNB

Update Process Annual As required Annual As required As requiredGovernance UK Accreditation Service

(UKAS)USGBC GBCA JSBC DGNB

Required qualification

Competent persons scheme

Passed exam Training scheme and exam N/A Training scheme and exam

Assessor/AP CPD requirements

Carry out at least one assessment per year

No CPD requirements Status renewed every three years

N/A No CPD requirements at this moment

Compound Annual Growth Rate

93% (1998-2007) 86% (2002-2007) Not available Not available Not available

Assessment Collation Fee*

£2000-£10000 ($3971-19857)

Up to £37,770 ($75000) £2015-4030 ($4002-8004) Unknown 6.000 – 15.000 €

Certification fee £740-£1500 ($1469-2979)

£1133-£11331 ($2250-22500)

£2550-£7185 ($5063-14268)

Unknown Unknown

Cost of credit appeals

Free £252 ($500) £403 ($800) Unknown Unknown

Credit interpretation requests cost/allowance

Free/unlimited number £111 ($220) unlimited number

Free/Maximum of two Unknown Unknown

Number of units certified**

110808 1823 50 23 19 certified, 28 pre-certification

Domestic 109450 540 N/A N/A AllNon-Domestic 1358 1283 50 23 -Availability of assessment information

Estimator tools are available free of charge. Guidance is currently only available to people who attend the training courses

The tools are available free of charge and technical guidance is available for £100 ($200)

The tools are available free of charge and the technical manual is available for £224 ($444)

The assessment tool and guidance is available free of charge in Japanese and English.

Guidance and checklists are only available for DGNB member. The website with general information is available in English.

Table 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools

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Where are rating tools heading ?

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Figure 5. Timeline of the Development of Rating Tools in Different Countries

Source: IRE|BS

2015 2020 2025 2030

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International rating tools are very complex Substantial differences between each rating tool Little movement towards a generic rating tool Stakeholders need to discuss current challenges

e.g. at conferences Where are rating tools heading? On-going research is required

Conclusion and further research

A Comparison of International Rating Tools

17th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference23 - 26 June 2010 Milano

Richard Reed Anita Bilos

Sara Wilkinson Karl Werner-Schulte

Deakin University IRE|BS University RegensburgAustralia Germany