Rice Today Vol. 10, No. 1

8/8/2019 Rice Today Vol. 10, No. 1

1/25

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2/25

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3/25

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4/25

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5/25


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6/25

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d ulgfqlw du qulqjufni ujs `ljs. Dnl yfbb el `dul smjn sl`

dnl d smlwl cfwmlw sml nl}s sf l dnl sujxlbw fn Jwfj du Jufgj.

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jnc cdynbdjc dn Iddibl Eddk Wljugm? mssq?$$wnfq|ub.gd`$:nv

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j|i`lns cd`lwsfg w|qqbflw d wsjqbl ddcw.

Smfw eddk l}j`fnlw mdy idxlun lns

qdbfgflw gj|wlc sml gufwfw jnc ulwqdnclc sd sml wdjufni ydubc

qjusfg|bjubv smjs d ufgl" sml ydubcw `dws f qdusjns wd|ugl d

du sml qddu. Gd`qjujsfxl gjwl ws|cflw d qdbfgv uljgsfdnw fn c

gd|nsuflw" qufngfqjbbv jgudww Jwfj" jnc fngb|cfni sml \.W." qudx

nlglwwjuv |ncluwsjncfni sd el jebl sd lxjb|jsl sml f`qjgs d

qdbfgv dn sml ddc wlg|ufsv d qddu ju`luw jnc gdnw|`luw. S

ws|cflw jbwd qudxfcl f qdusjns fnwfimsw fnsd sml gdnglunw d

gd|nsuflw smjs jul ulblxjns du |s|ul fnslunjsfdnjb sujcl nlid

klv jiufg|bs|ujb gd``dcfsflw. Jw j ulw|bs" `dul jqqudqufjsl q

el q|s fn qbjgl sd lnw|ul `dul wsjebl ddc w|qqbflw fn sml |s

NLY EddkWmss?$$ew.fuuf.ui

Xflsnj`?


8/25


dc|glw `dul smjn 61, dh ibdejb ufgl

fjn `fnfwsluw jnc smlfu ulqulwlnsjsfxlw

smlulc dn 6 Ndxl`elu sd cfwg|ww

l ulglns ulqdus sfsblcNlxlu jn l`qsv

yb? w|wsjfnfni hddc wlg|ufsv fn Jwfj

lJwfjn q|wmlw hdu w|wsjfnjebl hddc

g|ufsv dn qjil :9&.

Hfnjbbv" FUG51:1 jbwd qudxfclc

l qluhlgs jxln|l sd dhgfjbbv bj|ngm

l Ibdejb Ufgl Wgflngl Qjusnluwmfq

UfWQ&" jbdni yfsm sml eddkUfgl fn sml

dejb Lgdnd`v? Wsujslifg Ulwljugm jnc

bfgv Fww|lw hdu Hddc Wlg|ufsv -wll eddk

gsfdn dn qjilw :1::&.

IUfWQ fw j `lijqudiuj` smjs

`edcflw sml ibdejb lhhdus sd f`qudxl

l vflbcw w|wsjfnjebv" bdylu hddc qufglw"

c bfhs `fbbfdnw dh qldqbl hud` qdxlusv

lEb|lqufns hdu j iullnlu ulxdb|sfdn dn

ilw :=5:&. Sml bj|ngm dh smfw qudiuj`

jukw sml elifnnfni dh j


9/25

Ufgl SdcjvOjn|juv-@jugm 51::Ufgl SdcjvOjn|juv-@jugm 51::

fgl yfbb nlxlu el o|ws jndsmlu

``dcfsv.

@|gm dh sml su|sm elmfnc smfw wf`qbl

jsl`lns gjn el clufxlc hud` sml 511=

l gufwfw smjs wmdgklc sml ydubc jnc

iilulc jwwfxl qudslwsw fn Jhufgj

c qjusw dh Jwfj. Fs ulxljblc sml hujifbl

dnd`fg wsjsl dh jnv hj`fbflw jgudww

l ydubc smjs ulbflc dn smfw wsjqbl hdu cjfbv

|ufwm`lns. Ufgl" ymfgm mjw cyfncblc

wfinfgjngl jhslu sml w|gglwwlw dh

l Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn" yjw w|cclnbv

sjq|bslc jijfn sd j njsfdnjb qufdufsv jnc

fnslunjsfdnjb f`qlujsfxlyfsm wlxlujb

y gmjbblnilw smjs yfbb slws sml jefbfsv dh

l ydubc sd clbfxlu hddc hdu sml h |s|ul.

Wqljkluw js sml uwslxlu Fnslunjsfdnjb

gl Qdbfgv jnc Fnxlws`lns Gdnhlulngl

UQFG& gdxlulc klv fww|lw dn ufgl sujcl

c sml f`qjgs dh qdbfgv jnc fnxlws`lns.

mfw gdnhlulngl" duijnflc fn gdno|ngsfdn

sm sml 5=sm Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl Ulwljugm

dnhlulngl c|ufni sml Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl

dniulww 51:1 mlbc fn Mjndf" Xflsnj`"

:5 Ndxl`elu" mfimbfimslc ufglw

qdusjngl fn edsm jgmflxfni hddc wlg|ufsv

c ulc|gfni qdxlusv.

Gdnwfclufni smjs mjbh dh sml ydubc

qlncw dn ufgl" jnv sfq fn sml ejbjngl dh

dejb ufgl qudc|gsfdn gjn gj|wl ufqqbl

hlgsw fn sml `jukls smjs lxlns|jbbv

qddu hju`luw jnc gdnw|`luw. Cu.

`julnc| @dmjnsv" mljc dh sml

lunjsfdnjb Ufgl Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|slw

UUF& Wdgfjb Wgflnglw Cfxfwfdn jnc FUQFG

ijnflu -qmdsd jedxl&" qdfnslc d|s

js" dxlu sml qjws 5 vljuw" `jnv njsfdnwxl `dxlc sdyjuc hddc wlg|ufsv ev

jfnfni ufgl wlbhw|hgflngv. Njsfdnw mjxl

yjklnlc sd sml su|sm smjs sml jiufg|bs|ujb

gsdu cl`jncw jw `|gm jsslnsfdn jw jnv

mlu wlgsdu fn sml lgdnd`fg clxlbdq`lns

dglww; mlngl" lhhdusw sd l}qjnc cd lwsfg

dc|gsfdn ev fnguljwfni vflbc jnc

dxfcfni elsslu fnq|s w|ewfcflw mjxl

|wmudd`lc fn `dws gd|nsuflw.

Njsfdnw jbwd wjy j nllc sd e|fbc smlfu

`lwsfg wsdgkw ev fnguljwfni fnf`|`

Sml ufwl dUFGLw|qqdus qufglw sd lngd|ujil dul hju`luw

sd qbjns" jnc" fn wd`l gjwlw" idxlun`lnsw

w|gm jw Fncfj ylul gd`qlbblc sd qudslgs

smlfu wsdgkw ev f`qdwfni jn l}qdus

ejn. Sujcl ulwsufgsfdnw" mdylxlu" ylul

dhsln wlln sd cfwsdus sml jukls jnc jul

smlulhdul nds mljbsmv fn sml bdni u| n. W|gm

`jukls wmdgkw" fngb|cfni gjbj`fsflw smjs

cujwsfgjbbv g|s w|qqbflw" mjxl eud|ims j

ulnlylc hdg|w dn ulifdnjb ufgl ulwluxlw

sd wluxl jw j e|hhlu. Qb|w" sml gmjbblnil dh

j bf`fslc yjslu jnc lnluiv w|qqbv jcclc

syd dul gdnwsujfnsw sd qudc|gsfdn; smlwl

ulwd|uglw ylul qulxfd|wbv jww|`lc sd el

eudjcbv jxjfbjebl c|ufni sml bjws Iulln

Ulxdb|sfdn. Smfw mjw" fn s| un" jcl

w|wsjfnjefbfsv j ulg|uufni sml`l" jw ufgl

qudc|gsfdnw f`qjgs dn sml lnxfudn`lns

yjw jbwd gdnwfclulc fn jwwlwwfni qdbfgv

jnc fnxlws`lns fnfsfjsfxlw.

Fguljwfi flbc fw sml l

Jggducfni sd FUUF" sml klv sd e|fbcfni

sml ibdejb ufgl w|qqbv bflw fn f`qudxfni

vflbc. Fn mfw d|sbddk hdu 5151 jnc 517


10/25

nl nilu gjnnds bfhs j qleebl"

vw jn Jhufgjn qudxlue.

Sml wfinfgjngl dh ydukfni sdilsmlu

nnds el dxlul`qmjwflclwqlgfjbbv

y" ymln sml udjc sd jssjfnfni hddc

g|ufsv jnc qdxlusv jbblxfjsfdn

ufccblc yfsm gmjbblnilw w|gm jw

guljwfni jiufg|bs|ujb bjncw" clqblsfni

s|ujb ulwd|uglw" bdd`fni gbf`jsl

jnil" cfwljwlw" jnc qddu fnxlws`lns

jiufg|bs|ul. Fs fw hdu smfw uljwdn

js sml Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl Ulwljugm

wsfs|sl -FUUF&" sml Jhufgj Ufgl Glnslu

hufgjUfgl&" sml Fnslunjsfdnjb Glnslu hdu

dqfgjb Jiufg|bs|ul -GFJS&" jnc `jnv

mlu duijnfjsfdnw mjxl gd`l sdilsmlu

clwfin jn fnndxjsfxl wdb|sfdn jngmdulc

qjusnluwmfqw. Jqsbv nj`lc sml Ibdejb

gl Wgflngl Qjusnluwmfq -IUfWQ&" smfw

`lij qudiuj` jf`w sd mlbq efbbfdnw

qldqbl jud|nc sml ydubc ymd bjuilbv

qlnc dn ufgl jw smlfu cjfbv wd|ugl dh

|ufwm`lns.

ibdejb eb|lqufsUfWQ ulqulwlnswhdu sml uws sf`l

luj wfnibl wsujslifg eb|lqufns hdu

dejb ufgl ulwljugm jnc mdy fs gjn

nsufe|sl `dul lhhlgsfxlbv sd wdbxfni

xlbdq`lns gmjbblnilw js sml bdgjb"

sfdnjb" jnc ulifdnjb blxlbw. Fs fw j

dnw|bsjsfxl Iud|q dn Fnslunjsfdnjb

iufg|bs|ujb Ulwljugm -GIFJU&

lwljugm Qudiuj` -GUQ& |nclu smll`l w|wsjfnjebl gudq qudc|gsfxfsv

u ibdejb hddc wlg|ufsv. Fs wsulj`bfnlw

uulns ulwljugm hdu clxlbdq`lns dh sml

IFJU.

Sml clxlbdq`lns dh IUfWQ mjw

xln j iuljs f`q|bwl sd sml ulhdu`

lncj dh sml GIFJU" wjfc Cu. Gjubdw

ulz clb Gjwsfbbd" gmjfu dh sml GIFJU

djuc" c|ufni sml Smfuc Fnslunjsfdnjb

gl Gdniulww -F UG51:1& mlbc fn

jndf" Xflsnj`" bjws =:5 Ndxl`elu"

ev Jgmf Cde

ymlul IUfWQ yjw hdu`jbbv bj|ngmlc.

Fnslunjsfdnjb jiufg|bs|ujb ulwljugm

mjw gdnsfn|d|wbv qbjvlc j klv udbl

fn mlbqfni fnguljwl sml ydubcw hddc

qudc|gsfdn.

Jw sml uws GUQ s d el jqqudxlc"

IUfWQ fbb|wsujslw ufglw f`qdusjngl jw

j wsjqbl hddc hdu sml ydubcw iudyfni

qdq|bjsfdn. Hdu lxluv : efbbfdn qldqbl

jcclc sd sml ydubcw qdq|bjsfdn" :11

`fbbfdn sdnw dh ufgl -qjccv& nllc sd el

qudc|glc ljgm vljuyfsm blww bjnc"

blww yjslu" jnc blww bjedu" fn `dul lgd

lhgflns qudc|gsfdn wvwsl`w smjs jul

`dul ulwfbflns sd gbf`jsl gmjnil jnc smjs

jbwd gdnsufe|sl blww sd iullnmd|wl ijw

l`fwwfdnw.

L}qlusw qudolgs smjs cl`jnc hdu

ufgl yfbb gdnsfn|l sd fnguljwl jnc yfbb

l}gllc w|qqbv fn sml nlju h|s|ul. Smlv

wjv smjs jn jccfsfdnjb = `fbbfdn sdnw dh

ud|im ufgl nllc sd el qudc|glc ljgm

vlju hdu sml nl}s :1 vljuw. \nhdus|njslbv"

sml julj qbjnslc sd ufgl gjn nd bdnilu

l}qjnc elvdnc sml g|uulnsbv |wlc :


11/25


js hdg|w dn sml clxlbdq`lns dh nly

dc|gsw" smlfu jcjqsjsfdn" jnc jcdqsfdn.

|w" wd`l hllcejgk dn jcdqsfdn

sslunw" gdnwsuj fnsw" jnc su|l f`qjgs gjn

|wlh|bbv ibljnlc smud|im smfw.

IUfWQ yfbb jbbdy |w sd el `dul

hlgsfxl jnc lhgflns fn guljsfni f`qjgsw

ln yfsm m|il gmjbblnilw" wjfc @jugd

dqlulfw" JhufgjUfgl clq|sv cfulgsdu

nlujb. E|s" yl gjn i|jujnsll hjwslu

w|bsw dnbv fh yl kndy ymjs yl jul

fni" ymlul jnc ymln" jnc yfsm ymd`.

:. Ljfi ju`luw sd lslu j xfus|d|w gfugl fw sml gdul idj d IUfWQ.

Fs fw jbwd ydusmv sd `lnsfdn smjs

ilnclu fw fnmlulns fn IUfWQw deolgsfxlw"

jnc sml`lw. Jnc" gjqjgfsv e|fbcfni fn

edsm ufgl wgflngl jnc l}slnwfdn fw h|bbv

fnsliujslc sd lnw|ul jclz|jsl wkfbblc

qluwdnnlb hdu h|s|ul ufgl clxlbdq`lns.

J lxdbxfi jbbfjglSmud|im IUfWQ" GFJS yfbb el

ulgdnnlgslc yfsm sml ufgl gd``|nfsv fn

Jwfj jnc Jhufgj" wjfc Gwju @jusnlz"

GFJS ufgl qudiuj` bljclu" ifxfni

mfw qluwqlgsfxl dn IUfWQ c|ufni sml

FUG51:1.

Ml l}qbjfnlc GFJSw fnfsfjb

gdnnlgsfdn yfsm Jwfj smjs cjslw ejgk sd

:689. Js smjs sf`l" Cu. Qlslu Olnnfniw"

jn FUUF qbjns eullclu" wmjulc yfsm sml`

FUUF xjuflsflw" ymfgm" jggducfni sd mf`

`juklc sml Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn fn Bjsfn

J`lufgj. E|s" yfsm smfw ulgdnnlgsfdn

smud|im IUfWQ" ml `lnsfdnlc wd`l

elnlsw w|gm jw wmjufni ufgl slgmndbdiflw

jnc ilu`qbjw`" jnc f`qudxfni gjqjgfsv

e|fbcfni hdu Bjsfn J`lufgj.

Jw jn lxdbxfni qjusnluwmfq" IUfWQ

yfbb el blc ev FUUF" ymfgm jbwd dxluwllw

sml jgsfxfsflw fn Jwfj. Fs fw w|qqduslc ev

JhufgjUfgl" ymfgm bljcw sml yduk fn

Jhufgj" jnc GFJS fn sml Bjsfn J`lufgj (

Gjufeeljn ulifdn. Dsmlu fnslunjsfdnjbbv

dqlujsfni ulwljugm duijnfjsfdnw w|gm

jw sml Hulngm Jiufg|bs|ujb Ulwljugm

Glnsul hdu Fnslunjsfdnjb Clxlbdq`lns

-GFUJC&" Hulngm Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|sl

hdu Clxlbdq`lns -FUC&" jnc Ojqjn

Fnslunjsfdnjb Ulwljugm Glnslu hdu

Jiufg|bs|ujb Wgflnglw -OFUGJW& yfbb qbjv

j wsujslifg udbl fn IUfWQ.

Wfngl qjusnluwmfqw jul sml `jfn

cufxluw hdu uljgmfni fsw xfwfdn" IUfWQ

wluxlw jw sml |`eulbbj sd wsulnismln jnc

l}qjnc qjusnluwmfqw. Js qulwlns" sml wf}

fnslunjsfdnjb glnsluw jnc duijnfjsfdnw

fn IUfWQ -FUUF" JhufgjUfgl" GFJS"

OFUGJW" GFUJC" jnc FUC& mjxl jed|s

611 ulwljugm jnc clxlbdq`lns qjusnluw

ydubcyfcl.

Jwfcl hud` wsulnismlnfni l}fwsfni

qjusnluwmfqw" IUfWQ jbwd qudxfclw nly

dqqdus|nfsflw hdu qjusnluwmfqw fn ulwljugm

jnc clxlbdq`lns" eufnifni sdilsmlu

fsw klv qbjvluw jnc wsjklmdbcluw w|gm

jw jcxjnglc ulwljugm fnwsfs|slw jnc

|nfxluwfsflw; njsfdnjb ulwljugm" lc|gjsfdn"

jnc l}slnwfdn wvwsl`w; GIFJU glnsluw;

sml qufxjsl wlgsdu; jnc gfxfb wdgflsv

duijnfjsfdnw" j`dni dsmluw -wll Hfi. 5&.

Njsfdnjb ufgl ulwljugm jnc clxlbdq`lns

wvwsl`w w|gm jw smdwl dh Gmfnj" Fncfj"

Ojqjn" jnc Eujfb yfbb jbwd wfinfgjnsbv

gdnsufe|sl sd IUfWQ ev gdnnlgsfni

smlfu njsfdnjb ulwljugm qudiuj`w yfsm

IUfWQw ibdejb sml`lw. IUfWQ yfbb

l}qjnc fsw qjusnluwmfqw yfsm gfxfb wdgflsv

duijnfjsfdnw w|gm jw ndnidxlun`lns

duijnfjsfdnw jnc hju`luw jwwdgfjsfdnw"

j`dni dsmlu iud|qw. Qjusnluwmfq yfsm sml

qufxjsl wlgsdu fw jbwd jn fnsliujb qjus dh

IUfWQ.

H|usmlu`dul" IUfWQ yfbb el bfnklc

fn xjufd|w yjvw yfsm dsmlu GUQw.

Smud|im fsw dyn jgsfxfsflw jnc smud|imgdbbjedujsfxl qudolgsw" gdfnxlws`lns

hud` du fn dsmlu GIFJU Ulwljugm

Qudiuj`w" jnc jgsfxl qjusfgfqjsfdn

ev FUUF" J hufgjUfg l" jnc GFJS

jnc smlfu qjusnluw fn dsmlu GIFJU

Ulwljugm Qudiuj`w" IUfWQ yfbb el

h|bbv fnsliujslc fn sml Wsujsliv jnc

Ulw|bsw Huj`lyduk dh sml GIFJU

Gdnwdusf|`. Wlxlujb dsmlu GIFJU

glnsluw w|gm jw sml Fnslunjsfdnjb

@jfl jnc Ymljs F`qudxl`lns Glnslu

-GF@@VS&" Fnslunjsfdnjb Hddc Qdbfgv

Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|sl -FHQUF&" Fnslunjsfdnjb

Bfxlwsdgk Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|sl -FBUF&"

Fnslunjsfdnjb Yjslu @jnjil`lns

Fnwsfs|sl -FY@F&sd nj`l o|ws j

hlyyfbb el fnxdbxlc fn IUfWQ

ulbjslc qudolgsw jnc jgsfxfsflw" fngb|cfni

ulifdnjb jnc njsfdnjb fnfsfjsfxlw smjs g|s

jgudww cfhhlulns GUQw jnc wvwsl`yfcl

qudiuj`w w| gm jw sml Ilnlu jsfdn

Gmjbblnil Qudiuj`.

Xfwfd d wgglwwIUfWQ mjw j gblju xfly dh ymjs fs

yjnsw sd wll fn sml h|s|ul. Fs bjfc d|s

gdngulsl jnc z|jnsfjebl klv f`qjgsw

sd elnls sml qddu" sml m|niuv" jnc sml

lnxfudn`lns fn sml nl}s 5< vljuw.

Ev 517


12/25


C|ufni sml :637 Elnijb

hj`fnl" 7 sd 3 `fbbfdn

qldqbl cflc elgj|wl dh

yfclwquljc wsjuxjsfdn. Wfngl

ln" hddc wlg|ufsv mjw elln jn f`qdusjns

nglun hdu Fncfj. Hdu `jnv vljuw" sml

|nsuv mjc sd w|wsjfn fswlbh bjuilbv

ud|im f`qdusw. @duldxlu" fs hjglc

dsmlu cfbl``j ymln sml qdq|bjsfdn

ly h|usmlu. Sml fnsudc|gsfdn dh nlybv

xlbdqlc wl`fcyjuh ufgl xjuflsflw fn

l :681w mlbqlc Fncfj dxlugd`l w|gm

jbblnilw sd fsw hddc wlg|ufsv" jbbdyfni

l gd|nsuv sd jgmflxl ufglw|hgflngv

c lxln elgd`l dnl dh sml `jodu ufgl

dc|gfni gd|nsuflw sdcjv.

Sml wl`fcyjuh dclun xjuflsflw

jeblc Fncfj sd w|ewsjnsfjbbv fnguljwl

ufgl qudc|gsfdn yfsmd|s gdnwfclujebv

guljwfni sml julj hdu sm fw qudc|gsfdn.

jnv ulglns dclun ufgl xjuflsflw gjn el

glc ejgk sd sml dufifnjb wl`fcyjuh ufgl

uflsv FU=" jbwd kndyn jw `fujgbl ufgl"

mfgm yjw clxlbdqlc ev sml Fnslunjsfdnjb

gl Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|sl -FUUF& jnc

ljwlc fn Fncfj fn sml :681w. J fujgbl

cllc? sml gd|nsuvw ufgl qudc|gsfdn

`qlc hud` 7: `fbbfdn sdnw fn :6


13/25

@jqW

Hdu sml qjws 3

Wsjefbfs

vflbc -s$mj&

:681w 5111

Qluglsjil d ufgl julj |clu fuufijslc jc ujflc gdcfsfdw f sml 5111w.

:11 :11

, ,

61 61

=1 =1

91 91

81 81


14/25


ljuw dh hddc wmdusjilw

hdbbdyfni sml ufgl gufwfw

fn 5119 jnc 511= mjxl

qud`qslc j cuj`jsfg

wmfhs fn ibdejb sujcl jnc fn

lgdnd`fg jnc hddc wlg|ufsv

qdbfgflw. Njsfdnw mjxl q|s `dul

hdg|w ndy dn jiufg|bs|ulj

wfs|jsfdn wd`lymjs ul`fnfwglns

dh sml lxlnsw smjs blc sd sml

Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn.

J gdunluwsdnl dh sml

Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn yjw sml

nly xjuflsflw dh gluljb gudqw

clxlbdqlc smud|im sml lhhdusw

dh Ndu`jn Edubj|i" sml hjsmlu

dh sml Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn. Dnl

dh smdwl xjuflsflw fw FU= ufgl"

jbwd kndyn jw `fujgbl ufgl"

clxlbdqlc 31 vljuw jid js sml

Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl Ulwljugm

Fnwsfs|sl -FUUF&. Ymln iudyn

yfsm fuufijsfdn jnc nfsudiln

ufgm hlusfbfluw" FU= qudc|glc

`dul iujfnw smjn sujcfsfdnjb

xjuflsflw. FU= gmjnilc sml ydubc hddc

wfs|jsfdn jggducfni sd Sd` Mjuiudxl" j

hdu`lu gd``|nfgjsdu js FUUF. Fncllc"

sml bdd`fni hj`fnlw cfc nds `jslufjbfl

wfngl `fujgbl ufgl yjw fnsudc|glc" jwylbb jw dsmlu hddc xjuflsflw -wll Eullcfni

mfwsduv dn qjilw 737= dhUfgl Sdcjv Xdb.


15/25


iull dh yjslu wgjugfsv -wll Lxluv cudq

|nsw dn qjilw :9:= dhUfgl Sdcjv"

db. =" Nd. 7&. Fs fw smlulhdul gufsfgjb smjs

l |wl d|u yjslu ulwd|uglw yfwlbv jnc

gflnsbv.

n lnxfudn`lns-huflncbv ulxdb|sfdn

jn sml ydubc w|uxfxl yfsmd|s sml

lnwflc jiufg|bs|ujb qujgsfglw

qd|wlc ev sml Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn4 Gjn

ufg|bs|ul gdnsfn|l sd hllc sml ydubc

sm hlylu sujcldhhw4

Sml klv fw w|wsjfnjebl jiufg|bs|ujb

wsl`w" ymfgm ljnw qudc|gfni dul

sq|s hud` sml wj`l julj dh bjnc ymfbl

nsufe|sfni sd sml jfnslnjngl dh

ljn yjslu" gjuedn wlz|lwsujsfdn" ddc

dslgsfdn" iud|ncyjslu ulgmjuil" jnc

ncwgjql j`lnfsv xjb|l" wjfc Qudh. Qulssv.

Iulln W|qlu Ufgl -IWU& hdu sml

wd|uglQddu dh Jhufgj jnc Jwfj" j

bbjedujsfxl qudolgs elsylln FUUF jnc

l Gmfnlwl Jgjcl`v dh Jiufg|bs|ujb

flnglw -GJJW&" dhhluw j w|wsjfnjebl

jv dh qudc|gfni hddc hdu sml iudyfni

q|bjsfdn. H|nclc ev sml Efbb (

lbfncj Ijslw Hd|ncjsfdn -E@IH&" sml

dolgs jf`w sd clxlbdq ufgl xjuflsflw

js ulsjfn smlfu wsjebl" w|wsjfnjebl

lbc qdslnsfjb lxln ymln iudyn yfsm

ylu fnq|sw du |nclu |nhjxdujebl

xfudn`lnsjb gdncfsfdnw.

lln w|qlu ufgl

ljclc ev _mfkjni Bf" FUUF `dblg|bju

nlsfgfws ymd fw ejwlc js GJJW" sml

WU qudolgsw eullcfni slgmndbdiv

cfgjbbv clqjusw hud` sml

ifnjb jqqudjgm dh sml

lln Ulxdb|sfdn" fn ymfgm

luvsmfni lbwl sddk j ejgk

js sd mfimlu vflbc. Elgj|wl

dclun xjuflsflw mjxl elln

lc sd ulwqdnc sd sml elws

wwfebl lbc gdncfsfdnw"

lv cd nds uljgm smlfu

j}f`|` vflbc qdslnsfjbmln n|suflnsw" qlws

jnjil`lns" jnc yjslu jul

s dqsf`jb. Hdu l}j`qbl"

83" clxlbdqlc js FUUF jnc

ljwlc fn :6=


16/25


gmufwz|fnsjnj

Njwll`j Ejn|" wqd|wl d Cu. Oj|mjuJbf" j wgflnsfws fn sml Qbj ns Eullcfni"Ilnlsfgw" jnc Efdslgmndbdiv Cfxfwfdnjs sml Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl Ulwljugm

Fnwsfs|sl" jnc j qmju`jgfws mluwlb -wml fw j bfl`l`elu d sml Fncfjn Gd|ngfb d Qmju`jgv&" `jklwsmfw wgu|`qsfd|w wnjgk du j`fbv jnc i|lwsw.

Qdnijb" wml wjvw" fw j mjuxlws lwsfxjb yfclbv

glbleujslc ev j`fb ju`luw fn sml Fncfjn wsjsl dj`fb Njc| jnc jbwd fn Wuf Bjnkj sd ifxl smjnkwsd sml w|n idc du sml je|ncjngl d smlfu mjuxlws.Qdnijb" ymfgm jbwd `jukw sml uws cjv d j`fm dnsml j`fb gjblncju" `ljnw edfbfni du wqfbbfni dxlufn sml j`fb bjni|jil. Sl l}qulwwfdn ulluw sd smlqulqjujsfdn d Qdnijb ufgl" j qduufcil cfwm |nfz|lsd j`fb g|fwfnl jnc sujcfsfdnjbbv qulqjulc du smlmjuxlws lwsfxjb.

Jggducfni sd sml ufs|jb" ufgl fw edfbl c yfsm `fbkjnc dsmlu fniulcflnsw fn j nly gbjv qds dxlu jndqln ul. Sl `fbk fw jbbdylc sd edfb jnc wqfbb dxlusml qds sd wv`edbfl dxluhdyfni je|ncjngl jnc|s|ul qudwqlufsv du sml j`fbv.

Wjkkjujf QdnijbYmjsw gkni4

J sjws Sj` gnhlgsn

iulcflnsw

Ufgl -|ngddklc& : g|q

@fbk : g|q

Iujslc gdgdn|s g|q

Ojiiluv -|nulnlc eudyn w|iju& 711 iuj`w

Iulln iuj` du `|nieljn cmjb


18/25


Nly ufwk lbl`lnsw jnc gbf`jsl

gmjnil cd`fnjslc sml

qudgllcfniw dh Sml Ufgl Sujcluw

-SUS& wlgdnc Ydubc Ufgl

dnhlulngl fn Qm|kls" Smjfbjnc" :5:3

gsdelu 51:1. Fn 5116" sml `jukls yjw

gklc ev sml w|uil dh Qmfbfqqfnl cl`jnc

lu Svqmddn Klswjnj clwsudvlc `|gm

sml gd|nsuvw gudqw. Sml hdbbdyfni

ju wjy `dul njsfdnw wsu|iibl yfsm sml

qjgsw dh gbf`jsl gmjnil. Gmfnj uws

ssblc jijfnws cud|ims c|ufni s ml ljubv

us dh sml vlju" jnc smln yfsm ddcw.

gbl`lns yljsmlu jbwd wquljc jgudww sml

fjn ulifdn" eufnifni sml yduws ddcw fn

juw sd Qjkfwsjn jnc lxln sd Smjfbjnc.

nsf`lbv ujfnw jbwd jhhlgslc gudq d|sq|s

Gj`edcfj jnc Fncdnlwfj. Smlwl sfqw

sml ejbjngl dh ufgl qudc|gsfdn q|wmlc

|nsuflw sd wllk `ljw|ulw smjs yd|bc

w|ul bdnislu` hddc wlg|ufsv edsm

sfdnjbbv jnc ulifdnjbbv. Sd `jkl smfniw

dul gd`qbfgjslc" |gs|jsfdnw dh sml

W. cdbbju jnc l|ud jhhlgslc g|uulngflw

d|nc sml ydubc. Jnc" jw fh smjs yjw ndsd|im" U|wwfj jnc sml Ebjgk Wlj ulifdn

nnlc ymljs l}qdusw" h|u smlu hujgs|u fni

l ibdejb gluljb w|qqbv.

Jsslnclc ev 357 clblijslw hud` 35

|nsuflw" sml gdnhlulngl dngl jijfn

js|ulc l}slnwfxl jnjbvwfw dh cl`jnc

c w|qqbv wglnjufdw hud` bljcfni

jbvwsw. Fs jbwd jcclc gufsfgjb xflyw

d` `jodu f`qdusfni gd|nsuflw w|gm

Fncdnlwfj" Fujz" sml Qmfbfqqfnlw"

c Ejnibjclwm jw ylbb jw sml `dul

Ufgl sujcluw wll j e|`qv udjc fn 51:: jw

hnjngfjb ufwkw jnc gbf`jsl gmjnil udgklc

sml `juklsw d 51:1

gd``lugfjbbv duflnslc xflyw hud`

sujcluw. Smlwl sujcluw" ymd jul fnxdbxlc

fn klv Jhufgjn f`qdus `juklsw" ulxljblc

sml gdnglunw dh e|vluw smjs ulqulwlns

edsm sml q|ebfg jnc qufxjsl wlgsdu yfsmfn

sml ibdejb ufgl sujcl. H|usmlu`dul" sml

gdnhlulngl wjy sml Efi


19/25


ev Wjxfsuf @dmjqjsuj

Sml ufgl qbjns qudc|glw

dnbv ufgl wllcw; fs cdlw nds

qudc|gl wjnc" wsdnlw" du

dsmlu hdulfin `jslufjbw"

. Sjulkl Eluml hud` Lsmfdqfj yuvbv

wluxlc" ulhluufni sd sml bdy z|jbfsv dh

gjb ufgl wdbc fn qjusw dh w|eWjmjujn

hufgj.

Cu. Eluml" ymd mjw bdni elln

wdgfjslc yfsm ufgl clxlbdq`lns fn

l ulifdn" qud`dslw hud` qbjns sd

jsl" jn jqqudjgm smjs l`qmjwflw sml

infgjngl dh jbb sml gd`qdnlnsw fn sml

l xjb|l gmjfn" nj`lbv" fnq|s" w|qqbv"

dglwwfni" jnc `juklsfni.

Fn Jhufgj" ufgl mjw elgd`l jn

guljwfnibv qdq|bju hddc jw fs fw sjwsv

c z|fgk sd gddk. Mdylxlu" `dws dh sml

l ljsln dn sml gdnsfnlns fw jgs|jbbv

qduslc hud` Jwfj. Jhufgjniudyn

l mjw hjfblc sd gd`qlsl yfsm f`qdusw

gj|wl bjuilwgjbl bdgjb ufgl qudc|gsfdn

w elln yljk jnc |uejn gdnw|`luw mjxl

gd`l |wlc sd sml iujfn jnc wlnwduv

jbfsflw dh f`qduslc ufgl. Dnl dh sml

jodu gmjbblnilw hdu Jhufgj fw smlulhdul

y sd qudc|gl w|hgflns jnc jhhducjebl

l smjs w|fsw sml qulhlulnglw dh fsw

wsiudyfni jnc fnguljwfnibv |uejnflc

q|bjsfdn.

jfn z|jbfsv

sml yjkl dh sml hddc gufwfw fn 511= smjs

juklc ufdsw fn wlxlujb Jhufgjn gfsflw"

xlujb `l`elu gd|nsuflw dh sml Jhufgj

gl Glnslu -JhufgjUfgl& jcdqslc klv

bfgv `ljw|ulw ulgd``lnclc ev sml

nslu fn 5119 sd w|qqdus sml ufgl wlgsdulnw|ufni hju`luw jgglww sd mfim

jbfsv ufgl wllc jnc dsmlu ejwfg hju`

q|sw.

W|gm w|qqdus gd|qblc yfsm iddc

ljsmlu gdnsufe|slc sd jn :=, fnguljwl

Jhufgjw ufgl qudc|gsfdn fn 511=

`qjulc yfsm 51 19. Hdu sml 5116:1

dq wljwdn" sml Hddc jnc Jiufg|bs|ul

ijnfjsfdn dh sml \nfslc Njsfdnw

sf`jslc cd|eblcfifs iudysm fn ufgl

dc|gsfdn fn wlxlujb gd|nsuflw.

Yfsm w|qqdus hud` \WJFC"

JhufgjUfgl mjw gjuuflc d|s j wluflw dh

ws|cflw fn gdbbjedujsfdn yfsm sml Nfilufjn

Fnwsfs|sl dh Wdgfjb jnc Lgdnd`fg

Ulwljugm sd elsslu |ncluwsjnc sml hjgsduw

l}qbjfnfni gdnw|`luw wmfhs sd f`qduslc

ufgl fn Nfilufj.

Fww|lw ulbjslc sd ufgl z|jbfsv jnc

mdy smfw jhhlgsw gdnw|`luw qulhlulngl

hdu bdgjb jnc f`qduslc ufgl ylul jbwd

l}j`fnlc" jw bdgjb ufgl yjw dhsln gmljqlu

ev 71, du `dul smjn f`qduslc ufgl"

`jfnbv elgj|wl dh fsw bjgk dh gbljnbfnlww.

Sml ws|cflw ulgd``lnclc j

gd`qulmlnwfxl jqqudjgm sd ulxfsjbfl sml

Nfilufjn ufgl wlgsdu ev f`qudxfni sml

lhgflngv dh dqlujsduw js sml wsjilw dh

qudc|gsfdn" qudglwwfni" jnc `juklsfni.

Smlv l`qmjwflc z|jbfsv jnc eujncfni sd

fnguljwl sml gd`qlsfsfxlnlww dh bdgjb ufgl.

Sml gd`qulmlnwfxl wsujsliv yjw

qulwlnslc sd sml wsjklmdbcluw jnc sml

Nfilufjn idxlun`lns. Fs yjw fnsliujslc

jw j `jodu gd`qdnlns dh sml gd|nsuvw

qulwfclnsfjb fnfsfjsfxl dn ufgl qudc|gsfdn"

qudglwwfni" jnc l}qdus fn Nfilufj" ymfgm

ujfwlc jyjulnlww dn sml nllc hdu q|ebfg

w|qqdus sd wsf`|bjsl ufgl qudc|gsfdn jnc

ulc|gl clqlnclngl dn f`qdusw.

\nclu smfw fnfsfjsfxl" ufgl f`qdusw

ylul w|eolgslc sd j mfim f`qdus c|sv

-dxlu :11,& jnc w|ewfcflw ylul qudxfclc

sd hjgfbfsjsl jgglww sd wllc -


20/25


Ymljs ilsw u|ws. @jfl -gdun& ilsw

u|ws. Jbwd ejublv" `fbbls" sufsfgjbl"

jnc djsw. Fn hjgs" jbb gluljbw"

glqs ufgl" jul w|wglqsfebl sd u|ws.

U|ws fw j cfwljwl smjs w|hhdgjslw j

jnsw qmdsdwvnsmlsfg qudglww" ulnclufni

l gudq yljk jnc |njebl sd qudxfcl iddc

lbcw.

Ufgl" sml wsjfnblww wsllb j`dni

uljb iujwwlw" mjw bdni fnsufi|lc

jns eullcluw jnc qbjns qjsmdbdifwsw.

du`jn Edubj|i" sml hjsmlu dh smllln Ulxdb|sfdn jnc qjsufjugm dh

dclun ymljs xjuflsflw" elbflxlc smjs"

cfwgdxlufni sml ilnlw smjs `jkl ufgl

`|nl sd u|wsw" wgflnsfwsw `fims el jebl

fnsudc|gl smlwl ilnlw fnsd dsmlu gluljb

jfnw w|gm jw ymljs jnc `jfl.

lws du cfwgdxluvncfni d|s ymjs `jklw ufgl ulwfwsjns

u|ws fw Mlf Bl|niw z|lws. Smfw qbjns

smdbdifws js sml Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl

Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|sl -FUUF& fn Bdw Ejdw"

Qmfbfqqfnlw" hdg|wlw mfw ulwljugm dn ufgl

ilnlsfg cfxluwfsv jnc cfwgdxluv" jnc

`llsfni sml nllcw dh h|s|ul ilnlujsfdnw

hdu ufgl ilnlsfg ulwd|uglw.

Fsw nds smjs ufgl cdlw nds ils u|ws"

wjvw Cu. Bl|ni. Ujsmlu" ufgl cdlw nds

w|gg|`e sd sml cfwljwl lxln ymln fs

lngd|nsluw sml u|ws qjsmdiln. Hdu `dws

ufgl jgglwwfdnw" smlul fw nd `jgudwgdqfg

lxfclngl dh u|ws gdbdnfjsfdn. Ufgl fw j

su|l ndnmdws dh `dws u|ws wqlgflw.@fbbfdnw dh vlbbdy du u|wsgdbdulc

|ulcdwqdulw -sml jwl}|jb wqdulw& dh `dul

smjn 3"111 wqlgflw dh u|ws h|nif jul edunl

jud|nc sml ydubc jnc gjuuflc ev sml yfnc

jnc ols wsulj`. Smlv bjnc dn j mdws qbjns

bfkl ymljs du `jfl" ilu`fnjsl" jnc smln

iudy sdyjuc j wsd`jsjb qdul dn sml bljh

w|uhjgl sd fnfsfjsl fnhlgsfdn.

U|ws fnhlgsfdnw qudc|gl ulc du

vlbbdy q|ws|bjsfni |ulcdwqdulw smjs

ifxl fnhlgslc qbjnsw j u|wsv bddk.

Fn w|wglqsfebl qbjnsw" u|ws g|sw dhh

sml qbjnsw jefbfsv sd qmdsdwvnsmlwfl

n|suflnsw fn smlfu bljxlw jnc sujnwqdus

n|suflnsw fn smlfu wsl`w. Fnhlgsfdn ev

u|wsw gj|wlw wsl`w sd yljkln jnc qbjnsw

sd bdcil" du hjbb dxlu" `jkfni ymjs

bfssbl vflbc smlul fw nljubv f`qdwwfebl sd

mjuxlws.

J culjclc qbjns cfwljwlYmljs u|ws fw dnl dh sml ydubcw `dws

culjclc qbjns cfwljwlw. J wd|ugl dhqbji|lw wfngl Efebfgjb sf`lw" u|ws

clxjwsjslc sml ymljs gudq fn Ndusm

J`lufgj jw ulglnsbv jw :6


21/25


Smlul yjw wf`qbv nd s|unfni

ejgkbfslujbbvhdu sml udclns

`jnjil`lns slj` hud` sml

Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl Ulwljugm

wsfs|sl -FUUF& jw sml iud|q mljclc

sml ul`dsl `d|nsjfnsdq xfbbjil dh

byjni fn Wjcjnij" @d|nsjfn Qudxfngl"

fbfqqfnlw. Hbjnklc ev udgk yjbbw dn

l wfcl jnc j wsllq cudq dn sml dsmlu"

l FUUF xjn gjulh|bbv sujxluwlc sml

uudy udjcw smjs `jcl lxluv s|un jnc

yluxl jbdni sml Gducfbbluj @d|nsjfn

jnil fn sml Qmfbfqqfnlw j cjufni ij`l

sm hjsl.

Sml iud|q yjw blc ev udclns lgdbdiv

qlus jnc Fuufijslc Ufgl Ulwljugm

dnwdusf|` -FUUG& gdducfnjsdu Iujns

niblsdn. Yfsm mf` ylul QmC wgmdbju

vd @l Msyl jnc yfbcbfhl efdbdifwsw

juxlv Ijugfj jnc Xfnglns Wb|vcsw.

dnv fn sml sluujglw

d` Wjcjnij sdyn qudqlu" sml FUUF

d|q wls d|s dn hdds hdu sml xfbbjil

Elbyjni. Smlv ylul jggd`qjnflc

Udbh Edbblu" qudolgs bljclu dh

l Lnxfudn`lns jnc W|wsjfnjebl

iufg|bs|ul Qudiuj` dh sml Wdgfjb Jgsfdn

lxlbdq`lns Glnslu -WJCG& fn Ednsdg

ijyl" jnc jbwd ev ulqulwlnsjsfxlw hud`

l Dhgl dh sml Qudxfngfjb Jiufg|bs|ufws

lqjus`lns dh Jiufg|bs|ul -DQJCJ& fn

d|nsjfn Qudxfngl.\nclu sml wgdugmfni `fccjv w|n"

l iud|q mjc sd id smud|im syd xjbblvw"

jbk jbdni sml njuudy lcilw dh sml

cjnij sluujglw" jnc gbf`e `jnv wslqw

sml xfbbjil dh Elbyjni. Sml wyllqfni

lyw dh sml `d|nsjfn ujnilw gjuxlc

sm ufgl sluujglw m|nculcw dh vljuw

c dhhlulc j ulwqfsl hud` sml dsmluyfwl

c|d|w sulk. Sml slj`" mdylxlu"

|bcns mlbq e|s ndsfgl sml qjsgmlw dh

l sluujglw cj`jilc ev ujsw -wll Ymln

ujsw jssjgkdn qjilw 333< dhUfgl Sdcjv

Xdb. =" Nd. 3&.

Elbyjni xfbbjil fw md`l sd jud|nc

::< hj`fbflw ymd ulbv mljxfbv dn sml

qudc|gl hud` smlfu bjnc. Smlfu `jfn gudq

fw mlfubdd` ufgl" sml njsfxl ufgl xjuflsv

dh sml ulifdn -wll Sml wllc kllqluw

suljw|ul dn qjilw :5:< dhUfgl Sdcjv

Xdb. 6" Nd. 3&" ymfgm fw qbjnslc fn o|ws

dnl wljwdn" hud` Ojn|juv sd @jugm"

jnc mjuxlwslc hud` O|bv sd Wlqsl`elu.

Jggducfni sd bdgjb hju`lu Ejnjyji

Kjcjsju" sml wljwdnw mjuxlws fw dhsln

o|ws lnd|im hdu smlfu hddc hdu sml nl}s

8 `dnsmw. Wd`lsf`lw" j hly hju`luw

`jnjil sd qbjns ib|sfnd|w ufgl" ymfgm fw

wdbc hdu l}qdus.

Sml j`d|ns dh ufgl vflbc clqlncw

dn sml wfl dh vd|u bjnc jnc dn ymlsmlu

du nds smlul jul ujs fnhlwsjsfdnw" wjvwQlslu Cfgjni" j ufgl hju`lu. Fh d|u wsdulc

ufgl fw nds lnd|im" yl jul hduglc sd e|v

ufgl hud` sml Njsfdnjb Hddc J|smdufsv

|wfni sml `dnlv yl ils hud` wlbbfni

ib|sfnd|w ufgl.

Fn sml fcws dh sml qfgs|ulwz|l iulln

w|uud|ncfniw" fs fw |nhdus|njsl smjs smlwl

hju`luw gjn ejulbv lkl d|s j bfxfni. Sd

j|i`lns hju`luw fngd`l" sml WJCG jnc

DQJCJ odfnlc hduglw sd mlbq hju`luw fn

Elbyjni lwsjebfwm jn jiudhdulwsuv wvwsl`.

Sml d|seuljk

Smud|im j hju`lu lbc wgmddb fn

jiudhdulwsuv" sml xfbbjil hju`luw wsjuslc

duijnfg hju`fni dh gfsu|w hu|fsw sd sjkl

jcxjnsjil dh sml `d|nsjfnw wdfb z|jbfsv.

Sml xfbbjil mjc j w|gglwwh|b u|n fn fsw

gfsu|w hu|fs qbjnsjsfdn hdu 7 vljuw" mlbqfni

eddws hju`luw fngd`lw.

Jbsmd|im cj`jilw gj|wlc ev ujsw

ylul dewluxlc fn sml qulxfd|w qbjnsfni

wljwdnw" sml ujsw cfcns wsjus sd jssjgk sml

xfbbjil gudqw dn j `jwwfxl wgjbl |nsfb

5116" ulw|bsfni fn mljxv bdwwlw sd edsm

ufgl jnc gfsu|w hju`luw. Jw `jnv jw 59,

dh sml gfsu|w sullw ylul cj`jilc jnc"

ev 51:1" ufgl vflbc bdwwlw uljgmlc jn

jbju`fni 71


22/25


wgflnglglnsulwfnijqdul

@lnsfdn sml fwbjnc gd|nsuv Wfnijqdul

jnc ufgl iudyfni `jv nds el sml

uws jgsfxfsv smjs wqufniw sd `fnc.

Mdylxlu" bfkl `dws gd|nsuflw fn

Jwfj" ufgl fw jn fncfwqlnwjebl hddc

iujfn fn Wfnijqdul" jw fs fw nds dnbv j

wfinfgjns fniulcflns fn bdgjb g|fwfnlw

e|s fs fw jbwd jn fnsliujb qjus dh sml w`jbb

njsfdnw g|bs|ul jnc sujcfsfdnw.

Fn jn lhhdus sd ujfwl jyjulnlww jed|s

ufglmdy smfw gluljb wsjusw jw wllcw

qbjnslc fn qbdsw sd j wslj`fni edyb dh

ufgl wluxlc fn Wfnijqduljn cfnfnisml

Wgflngl Glnsul Wfnijqdul -WGW& jnc sml

Fnslunjsfdnjb Ufgl Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|sl

-FUUF&" yfsm w|qqdus hud` sml Bll

Hd|ncjsfdn" bj|ngmlc j ufgl l}mfefs jnc

lc|gjsfdn qudiuj` dn Ydubc Hddc Cjv

51:1 dn :8 Dgsdelu.

Eljufni sml sml`lUfgl jnc sml

Gvgbl dh Bfhl" sml l}mfefs fnsudc|glc

Wfnijqduljnw sd sml ufgl qbjnsw

jnjsd`v" cfhhlulns ufgl xjuflsflw" sddbw

Ufgl `jv wddn smufxl dngl `dul fn |uejn Wfnijqd

jnc f`qbl`lnsw |wlc fn ufgl hju`fni"

jnc gdnw|`lu qudc|gsw yfsm ufgl

jw jn fniulcflns. Xfwfsduw jbwd ids

j gmjngl sd clm|wk ufgl iujfnw jnc

guljsl j ujnidbf" j sujcfsfdnjb Fncfjn

ddu clgdujsfdn `jcl hud` eufimsbv

gdbdulc ufgl d|u. @duldxlu" WGW mjnclc

d|s fbb|wsujslc eddkblsw jed|s ufgl jnc

j


23/25


gufwfw. Sml deolgsfxl dh smfw ulwluxl yfbbel sd kllq sml ufgl qufgl fn j clwfulc ejncev qudg|ufni ufgl ymln sml qufgl hjbbwelbdy sml bdylu bf`fs jnc ulbljwfni smlwsdulc ufgl sd sml jukls ymln sml qufglidlw jedxl sml |qqlu bf`fs. Smfw jvwd|nc wf`qbl jnc lhhlgsfxl fn jnjifni`jukls xdbjsfbfsv jnc ulwsdufni sml hjfsmdh f`qdusluw" e|s sml jgs|jb dqlujsfdndh w|gm j ulwluxl gjn el xluv l}qlnwfxljnc gdnsudxluwfjb. Hdu l}j`qbl" ymln smlqufgl fw bdy" sml qudg|ul`lns dh ufgl evsml wsujslifg ulwluxl sd ujfwl sml qufgl yfbbnds el jgglqsjebl sd f`qdusfni gd|nsuflw.Wf`fbjubv" ymln sml qufgl fw mfim"l}qdusluw yfbb deolgs sd sml ulbljwl dh ufglhud` sml ulwluxl sd bdylu sml qufgl.

Smlul mjw jbwd elln sjbk jed|sclxlbdqfni j ufgl h|s|ulw jukls sdqudxfcl j qbjshdu` hdu l}qdusluw jncf`qdusluw sd mlcil jijfnws qufgl ufwk.Sml h|s|ulw jukls wmd|bc jbwd mlbq fn

f`qudxfni sml sujnwqjulngv dh sml qufglhdu`jsfdn qudglww. Mdylxlu" dnl dhsml jodu ws|`ebfni ebdgkw fn mjxfnij hljwfebl ibdejb jnc ulifdnjb h|s|ulw`jukls fw sml mfim cliull dh qudc|gscfhhlulnsfjsfdn fn ufgl js edsm dufifn jncclwsfnjsfdn. Hdu l}j`qbl" Qjkfwsjnf duFncfjn ejw`jsf ufgl fw xluv cfhhlulns hud`Xflsnj` 5


24/25


iujfn dh su|sm

Qb|iifni Bjsfn J`lufgj fnsd

smfw ibdejb ufgl ulwljugm jilncj"

gdducfnjslc ev FUUF" yfbb

mlbq sml ulifdn f`qudxl ufgl

qudc|gsfdn jnc `lls fsw dyn

bdgjb cl`jnc" jw ylbb jw sml

ydubc)w.

Sml nly ij ugl jilncj?j Bjsfn J`lufgjn qluwqlgsfxlev? Idnzjbd zduufbbj

Bjsfn J`lufgj mjw j sfnv wmjul

fn ibdejb ufgl qudc|gsfdndnbv

jud|nc 3, dh sml sdsjb. Ndy"

ufgl fw sml `dws lwwlnsfjb gudq fn

`dws jbb gd|nsuflw" nds dnbv jw j wsjqbl

dc e|s jbwd jw j wfinfgjns wlgsdu smjs

nsufe|slw sd lgdnd`fg iudysm jnc ode

ljsfdn. Jnc" gd`qjulc yfsm dsmlu hddc

jfnw" fs fw gbljubv `dul f`qdusjns fn sml

ls dh sml qddu.

Bjsfn J`lufgj fw xjwsbv cfxluwl

fsw lgdwvwsl`w hdu ufgl qudc|gsfdn.

d` sml w`jbb hju`luw fn gdjwsjb|jcdu du I|vjnj ymd gdnsfn|l sd

nwqbjns du qulilu`fnjsl wllcw sd sml

slnwfxl ufgl iudyluw fn sml Wd|smlun

dnl -Juilnsfnj" wd|smlun Eujfb" jnc

|i|jv& ymd |wl mfimslgm ndsfbb

ulgswllcfni wvwsl`w; hud` sml mfbbv

bjnc w|ewfwslngl hju`luw fn sml Jncljn

ifdn dh Edbfxfj du ndusmlun Nfgjuji|j

gd``lugfjb qudc|gluw fn sml ujfnhlc

wslun Qbjfnw dh Gdbd`efj du Gdwsj

gj" smlul jul jbb kfncw dh fnslu`lcfjsl

dwvwsl`w jnc hdu`w dh qudc|gsfdn.

Fnslunjsfdnjb ulwljugm mjw qbjvlc

klv udbl fn f`qudxfni ufgl qudc|gsfdn

sml bjws 31 vljuw" wsjusfni yfsm

l wl`fcyjuh `jslufjbw clxlbdqlc

ufni sml Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn fn sml bjsl

81w. Odfns lhhdusw dh sml Fnslunjsfdnjb

gl Ulwljugm Fnwsfs|sl -FUUF& jnc

l Fnslunjsfdnjb Glnslu hdu Sudqfgjb

iufg|bs|ul -GFJS& ylul sml cufxfni

ugl elmfnc smfw ulxdb|sfdnjuv sulnc fn

ufg|bs|ul. C|ufni sml :6=1w" wsudni

sfdnjb fnwsfs|sfdnw jqqljulc fn wlxlujb

|nsuflw jnc mlbqlc guljsl j ulifdnjb

syduk hdu ulwljugm jnc clxlbdq`lns

ufgl. Smfw gdngluslc lhhdus yjw

nwdbfcjslc fn :66< yfsm sml hd|ncjsfdn

sml Bjsfn J`lufgjn H|nc hdu Fuufijslc

gl -HBJU& jw j q|ebfgqufxjsl ulifdnjb

usnluwmfq ejwlc js GFJS. Yfsm HBJUw

qqdus jnc sml jgsfxl fnxdbxl`lns dh

u`luw duijnfjsfdnw" Bjsfn J`lufgj fw

dukfni dn j wlgdnc Iulln Ulxdb|sfdn

sml ulifdn ejwlc dn gudq `jnjil`lns

c iddc jiudnd`fg qujgsfglw -wllUfgl

Ulxdb|sfdnw fn Bjsfn J`lufgj dn qjil 7=

dhUfgl Sdcjv Xdb. 8" Nd. 5&. Fnslunjsfdnjb"

ulifdnjb" jnc bdgjb lhhdusw mjxl blc sd j

gdnsfn|d|w jnc cvnj`fg f`qudxl`lns fn

ufgl qudc|gsfdn fn Bjsfn J`lufgjyfsm

sml ulifdn cl`dnwsujsfni mfim vflbc

iudysm fn sml bjws smull clgjclw.

Wfngl sml bjsl :661w"mdylxlu"

gdbbjedujsfdn j`dni fnslunjsfdnjb glnsluw

jnc dsmlu fnwsfs|sfdnw hud` cfhhlulns

ulifdnw mjw clgbfnlc wsljcfbv. FUUFw

w|qqdus hdu Bjsfn J`lufgj cf`fnfwmlc

jnc gdnsjgs yfsm sml Jhufgjn glnsluw

elgj`l `fnf`jb. E|s" fn 5116" gmjnilw

fn sml fnslunjsfdnjb glnsluw idxlunjngl

wqjuklc j ulxfxjb dh gd``|nfgjsfdn

j`dni glnsluw. Fnwsfs|slw smln wsjuslc

cfwg|wwfni jnc lbjedujsfni sml qudiuj`

smjs mjw ndy gd`l sd el kndyn jw sml

Ibdejb Ufgl Wgflngl Qjusnlu wmfq -IUfWQ&.

Smfw qudiuj` qudxfclw jn dqqdus|nl

sf`l sd ullnijil Bjsfn J`lufgj jw jn

jgsfxl qjusnlu fn sml wsujsliv sd dxlugd`l

sml m|il gmjbblnilw hjgfni ydubc ufgl

qudc|gsfdnjbbdyfni sml ulifdn sd nds

dnbv ulglfxl nly wgflnsfg euljksmud|imw

e|s jbwd sd wmjul wd`l dh sml fnslulwsfni

slgmndbdiv jnc qudc|gsfdn wvwsl`w smjs

Bjsfn J`lufgjn hju`luw mjxl jbuljcv

xjbfcjslc jnc jcdqslc.

Fnxlws`lns fn ufgl ulwljugm fn Bjsfn

J`lufgj fw xluv w`jbb gd`qjulc yfsm

smjs fn Jwfj jnc Jhufgj. Mlngl" yl

jnsfgfqjsl smjs smfw qjusnluwmfq yfbb eufni

fn nly jnc w|fsjebl slgmndbdiflw sd sml

ulifdn. Fn s|un" elgj|wl |uejnfjsfdn

jgudww sml ydubc mjw bf`fslc jiufg|bs|ujb

l}qjnwfdn" Bjsfn J`lufgj gd|bc

qudxfcl jccfsfdnjb ufgl julj sd eddws

ufgl qudc|gsfdn wfngl fs fw dnl dh sml hly

ulifdnw blhs fn sml ydubc smjs wsfbb mjw

qblnsv dh njs|ujb ulwd|uglw" lwqlgfjbbv

bjnc jnc yjslu.

Ulwljugm qudiuj`w js GFJS"

HBJU" jnc wlxlujb njsfdnjb fnwsfs|slw

mjxl jggd`qbfwmlc iddc slgmndbdifgjb

jcxjnglw smjs gd|bc jbwd el wmjulc fn

smfw nly ibdejb jilncj. Wsujsliflw sd

fnguljwl vflbc qdslnsfjb fn gdnxlnsfdnjbxjuflsflw" |wfni yfbc wqlgflw sd clxlbdq

nly f`qudxlc g|bsfxjuw" efdslgmndbdiv

eullcfni sddbw" ufgl sujnwhdu`jsfdn yfsm

j mfimsmud|imq|s qbjshdu`" jiudnd`v

l}slnwfdn qudiuj`w jf`lc js gbdwfni sml

vflbc ijq" f`qudxfni yjslu|wl lhgflngv"

`fnf`|` du ndsfbb jnc cfulgswllcfni

wvwsl`w" fnwsfs|sfdnjb fnndxjsfdnw w|gm jw

HBJU" j`dni dsmluw" jul juljw smjs mjxl

iddc jnc xjbfcjslc slgmndbdifgjb qudc|gsw

smjs jv el |wlh|b dn dsmlu gdnsfnlnsw.

HBJU" jbdni yfsm fsw `dul smjn 71

q|ebfg jnc qufxjsljwwdgfjslc fnwsfs|sfdnw

fn :9 Bjsfn J`lufgjn gd|nsuflw" fw uljcv

jnc ljilu sd qbjv jn jgsfxl udbl fn smfw

nly ibdejb qbjshdu`. Ymfbl GFJS yfbb el

h|bbv lnijilc fn ilnlsfgw" efdslgmndbdiv"

cfwljwl" jnc gbf`jsl gmjnil ulwljugm

fww|lw j`dni dsmluw" HBJU" yfsm fsw

iujwwuddsw nlsyduk dh bdgjb fnwsfs|sfdnw"

yfbb hdg|w dn jqqbflc ulwljugm jnc

jgs jw j eufcil fn eufnifni smlwl nly

slgmndbdiflw sd hju`luw.

Qb|iifni Bjsfn J`lufgj fnsd smfw

ibdejb ufgl ulwljugm jilncj" gdducfnjslc

ev FUUF" yfbb mlbq sml ulifdn f`qudxl

ufgl qudc|gsfdn jnc `lls fsw dyn bdgjb

cl`jnc" jw ylbb jw sml ydubcw. Fs yfbb

jbwd qudxfcl Jwfj jnc Jhufgj yfsm xjbfc

l}qluflnglw jnc ulwljugm qudc|gsw"

ymfgm smlv gjn jcdqs jnc jqqbv sd smlfu

ulwqlgsfxl wsujsliflw.

@u. _duufbbj fw sml l}lg|sfxl cfulgsdu dh

HBJU.Fuufijsfdn. Slgmndbdiv. Gdnwluxjsfdn.

GfugblwHduUfgl.gd`

Gdnwluxl yjslu ymln iudyfni ufgl.\wl Xjbblv

Glnslu Qfxdsw jnc Bfnljuw.

Ufgl mjw sujcfsfdnjbbv elln iudyn |wfni ddc

fuufijsfdn dn js hlbcw" e|s iudyluw jul ndy

bddkfni du yjvw sd gdnwluxl yjslu fn smlfu gudq

qudc|gsfdn. Fuufijsfni ufgl yfsm XjbblvGlnslu

Qfxdsw jnc Bfnljuw mjw jbbdylc iudyluw sd ulc|gl

sml j`d|ns d yjslu jnc |lb q|`qlc" jnc mjw

jbbdylc nly iudyluw sd qudc|gl ufgl dn ndn-

sujcfsfdnjb hlbcw.

Wd gdnsjgs vd|u Xjbblv Fuufijsfdn cljblu sdcjv sdhnc d|s `dul jed|s qudc|gfni ufgl yfsm j Xjbblv

Glnslu Qfxds du Bfnlju.

Xjbblv Glnslu Qfxdsw u

jud|nc j h}lc qfxds q

sml glnslu d sml hlbc

`jgmfnl lhgflnsbv fuu

sml gudq ymfbl guljsfn

gfug|bju qjsslun.

Xjbblv Bfnlju `jgmfnl

sujxlb ejgk jnc dusm

j wz|jul du ulgsjni|b

Sml bfnljuw gjn fuufijs

6=, d ljgm hlbc.

Documents

Rice Today Vol. 10, No. 1