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Install New Operating Systems: No Fuss, No Disks Needed with Windows Deployment Services (WDS)
Rhonda J. LayfieldRJL, [email protected]
Rhonda Layfield
Part of IT industry for twenty five+ yearsContribute articles to Windows IT Pro magazineSetup and Deployment MVPDesktop Deployment Product Specialist (DDPS)Co-Author of Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Server 2008 booksOffer two day hands on deployment class
What We’ll Cover…
Intro to WDS (WinPE and Image files)Installing WDSConfiguring WDS
DHCP and WDSPre-staging clients
Automating the InstallationsMulticast TransmissionsCreating and Deploying an ImagePerformance and Troubleshooting Logs
Windows Setup Milestones
1980: Boot from floppy1990: Install Windows 3.0 from three floppies1992: Install Windows 3.11 from ten floppies1995: Windows 95 - First CD-based installation1997: Windows 98 CD or floppies2000: RIS PXE boot across the network2006: Windows Vista delivered on DVD (and spanned CD’s) 2007: WDS ships with Multicast support
Why Use WDS?
Reduces deployment cost - FREEPerforms network-based installationsDeploys Windows images to bare metal computersSupports mixed Windows environmentsUtilizes standard Windows technologies
Windows PE.wim files.vhd files
Windows Pre Installation Environmentaka…WinPE
Scaled down version of the Windows KernelBoots into and runs from RAM
X: drive (default driver letter)Reboots every seventy two hours
Command Line Interface OnlyCan be converted to a bootable .ISO and placed on:
CD, DVD, USB Flash Drive, external HDYou can create your own or use the boot.wim from DVD
.Wim Side Trip
One of Microsoft’s image formatsMultiple images stored in a single .wim file
Single instancingNo redundant file storage
Service image offlineApply patches quick and easily
VHD Image Formats
You can put one on your system, add a .wim to it… and tell bcdedit to boot that OSMounting a VHD in Win7 is called “attaching" Un-Mounting a .VHD is called “detaching”Diskpart is the basic tool of choice to work with .vhds
Back To WDS:Requirements
WDS server must be a member of an Active Directory domainDHCPDNSNTFS partition on which to store images
WDS on Server 2003
Installing WDS on a 2003 SP1 Server Install RISInstall patch from the WAIK: windows_deployment_services_update.exe
Installing WDS on a 2003 SP2 ServerControl Panel / Add/Remove Programs / Windows Components / WDS
WDS on Server 2008 (& 2008 R2)
Installing WDS on a 2008 serverServer ManagerAdd RolesSelect Windows Deployment Services from the list of rolesTwo checked boxes
Deployment ServerTransport ServerNeed both for a full WDS installation
Transport Server AloneDoes NOT need:
ADDNSDHCP
Create your own PXE Server ComponentNo UI
WDSUtil onlyProvides multicast only
Uses wdsmcast
Configuring WDS – Welcome
WDS snap-in
Expand WDS
Right-click your server “Configure Server”
Store Your Images
WDS and DHCP on The Same Server?
In a Perfect WDS World
Bare-MetalBare-MetalDHCP/WDSDHCP/WDS
Discover IP
Offer IP/PXE Server
Request
Acknowledge
WDS and DHCP
Three ScenariosWDS and DHCP on the same subnet/ different servers
Client will find WDS by broadcastingWDS and DHCP on different subnets
Client find WDS through options 66 and 67 set in DHCPWDS & DHCP on same server
Client must find WDS through Option 60 in DHCP
WDS and DHCP Same Subnet
Bare-MetalBare-Metal
DHCPDHCP
WDSWDS
Discover IP/PXE Server
Discover IP/PXE Server
Offer IP
I’m WDS
Request
Acknowledge
WDS and DHCP Different Subnets
Bare-MetalBare-Metal
DHCPDHCP
WDSWDS
Discover IP/PXE Server Offer IP Option
66 Option 67
Acknowledge
Request
WDS and DHCP on The Same Machine
Bare-MetalBare-MetalWDS/DHCPWDS/DHCPDiscover IP
Offer IP Option 60 I’m also WDS
Request
Acknowledge
WDS Server Responds to…
Configuration Completed
Known Clients: Pre-staged in ADUC
Pre-staging the GUID
Which WDS Server ?
Adding the Images
Within the WDS snap-inAdd Boot images
These are WinPEsAdd Install images
Image groups and single instancingDynamic Driver Provisioning (DDP)
Create driver groupsOnly the necessary drivers are downloaded to the client
Configuring WDSdemo
From the Client
PXE boot screensMessage from AdministratorPending DevicesClient
PXE boot
Unknown Clients
Message From Administrator
How do you set a message from the administrator?On the WDS server from a command prompt type:WDSUtil /set-server /AutoAddPolicy /message:"To contact your network administrator please dial 123-4567“/AutoAddPolicy is case sensitive
Pending Devices
Automate the PXE Boot Process
No-one has to press F12On the WDS server properties -> Boot tabFor x86 replace PxeBoot.com with Pxeboot.N12
Doesn’t exist until you add your first boot.wim If you encounter a PXEboot Loop
On the WDS server run the following:WDSUtil /Set-Server /Resetbootprogram:yes
Setting the “message from administrator”demo
Can’t Use PXE
Create a Discover ImageWDS snap-in -> open Boot ImagesR-click a boot image
W7 or 2008 R2 boot.wim from DVD /SourcesChoose to Create Discover Image…
Give it a name, description, path to store it and name of WDS server to connect to
Using the WAIK tools create a bootable .ISO that contains the new discover .wimBurn to CD/DVD, USB, external HD
Multicast TransmissionsServer1 sends packet 1 to client1Server1 sends packet 1 to client2Server1 sends packet 1 to client3
Server1 sends packet 1 to all clients
Server1 sends packet 1 to client1, client5 client9, client22
Windows Deployment Services Multicast Enhancements
Multiple Stream TransferMultiple streams of trafficOptimized rates based onclient connection
Client Auto RemovalSlower clients can be dropped to unicast or entirely (only in standard multicast)
Boot Image MulticastWindows PE boot images can use multicast (clients with EFI)
Fast
Medium
Slow
Clients
MulticastWDS Server
Multicast Transmission
First client joins “transmission”
Clients
WDS Server
Multicast Transmission
Waiting for other clients to join…
Multicast
Clients with multiple transfer speeds
WDS Server
Multicast Transmission
Additional clients join stream
Multicast
Fastest Medium Slowest Medium
Clients with multiple transfer speeds
WDS Server
Multicast Transmission
More clients to join
Multicast
FastestMedium Slowest Medium FastestMedium Medium
Clients with multiple transfer speeds
WDS Server
Multicast
Last clients complete…
Multicast
Medium MediumSlowest
Clients
WDS Server
Multicast
All clients complete. Transmission ends.
Multicast
Creating Multicast Transmissions
2 ways to start creating a multicast transmission from within the WDS snap-in
Right-click Multicast Transmissions and choose Create Multicast Transmission
ORDrill down to your Install Image and right-click the image then choose Create Multicast Transmission
THENName the Multicast TransmissionChoose the image
Automatic OR Scheduled Cast?
Creating a Multicast Transmissiondemo
Automate the Installation
Server 2003 & XPWinnt.sifSysprep.inf
Server 2008, Vista and later OSsWindows System Image Manager (WSIM)
.xml scripts
Unattend.xml Scripts
You will need 2 scriptsWinPE Phase
Language of installationKeyboard layoutCredentials for ImageWhich Image to installDisk Configuration (partitioning)Where to install the image
The rest of the installation (specialize and OOBE)Computer nameUser accountTime zone
Viewing the Scriptsdemo
Where to Put the Scripts
WinPE scriptStore script in RemoteInstall\WDSClientUnattend folderWDS snap-in -> R-click server -> Properties Client tab
Enable unattended installationBrowse to WinPE scriptSets the script for all computers of that architecture
Scripts for a Specific Machine
New computer must be pre-staged in ADUCOn WDS server cmd type:
WDSUtil /Set-Device /Device:computername /ID:GUID or MAC /WDSClientUnattend:path & name of unattend.xmlExample:WDSUtil /Set-Device /Device:Client1 /ID:{8FD14D56-A2B0-6F06-2A00-FD3979EC51A1} /WDSClientUnattend:C:\UF\Unattend.xml
More Than One Script?
Unattend specificed from the cmdSetup /wds /unattend:x:\wdsclientunattend.xml
Unattend from Server PropertiesAutoUnattend.xml from root of removable media
The Image Script
Properties of the Image file in WDSGeneral tabAllow image to install in unattended modeSelect FileBrowse to answer file
Can be stored anywhereCan be named anything you choose Will be renamed to ImageUnattend.xml
Creating an Image Using WDS
Create a Capture ImageWDS snap-in -> open Boot ImagesR-click one
W7 or 2008 R2 boot.wim from DVD /SourcesChoose to Create Capture Image
Give it a name, description and path to store itWhen the wizard completes add the newly created Capture Boot Image to your list of Boot Images
Capture Imagedemo
Performance of WDS
Administrator tools -> Performance MonitorGet the big picture
RAMProcessorNICs
Get the nitty grittyWDS multicast ( demoted clients, slowdown requests)WDS Server (# of requests, # processed, # active)WDS TFTP (active requests & transfer rate)
Logs to Check
The logs that contain useful troubleshooting information are found in the %Windows% folder.
Setupact.logSetuperr.log
Turn on additional loggingCalled tracing
Verbose loggingDeployment Services Diagnostics logs (event viewer)
What we Covered
Intro to WDS (WinPE and Image files)Installing WDSConfiguring WDS
DHCP and WDSPre-staging clients
Automating the InstallationsMulticast TransmissionsCreating and deploying an imagePerformance and troubleshooting logs
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Resources
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© 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS,
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