Rhoeadales:Rhoeadales:Disbanded!Disbanded!

REBECCA S. FRANKLINREBECCA S. FRANKLIN

Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Department of Geosciences, University Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721

rebecca@ltrr.arizona.edurebecca@ltrr.arizona.edu

Outline

• Location of families in Rhoeadales in Engler (1936) v. Cronquist (1988) v. APG II (2003)

• Description of families in Engler’s Rhoeadales, unifying characteristics. (many not covered in class)

• Regrouping in Cronquist, APG II

Engler & Diels 1936• Division Embryophyta• Sub-division Angiospermae• Class Dicotyledonae

• Order Rhoeadales• Families

– Papaveraceae– Fumariaceae– Capparidaceae (Capparaceae)– Brassicaceae– Tovariaceae– Resedaceae– Moringaceae– Bretschneideraceae

The disbanding and regrouping

Family Engler (1936) Cronquist (1988) APG II (2003)

Papaveraceae Rhoeadales Papaverales Ranunculales

Fumariaceae Rhoeadales Papaverales Ranunculales

Capparidaceae (Cappadaceae)

Rhoeadales Capparales Brassicales (in Brassicaceae)

Brassicaceae Rhoeadales Capparales Brassicales

Tovariaceae Rhoeadales Capparales Brassicales

Resedaceae Rhoeadales Capparales Brassicales

Moringaceae Rhoeadales Capparales Brassicales

Bretschneideraceae Rhoeadales Sapindales Brassicales (in Akaniaceae)

Papaveraceae

Fumariaceae

Capparaceae

Brassicaceae

Brassicaceae

Tovariaceae

Resedaceae

Moringaceae

Moringa spp.

Bretschneideraceae(in Akaniaceae)

Bretschneidera spp.

Engler’s morphological circumscription :

• Families have :– Cymose or panniculate inflorescences– Highly dissected simple leaves (compound)– Numerous stamens

Cronquist (1988)

• Papaverales– Papaveraceae

– Fumariaceae• 2 sepals• 3-aperature pollen • Absence of ethereal

oils• Recent origin• Isoquinoloine alkaloids

• Capparales– Capparaceae

– Brassicaceae

– Tovariaceae

– Resedaceae

– Moringaceae• Compound leaves• Parietal placentation• Presences of

glucosinolates• Mustard oil!• Hypogynous

• Sapindales– Bretschneideraceae

• Compound/cleft leaves• Haplostemonous/diplostemo-

nous androecium• Well developed nectary disk• Syncarpous ovary (1-2

ovules per)• (Char indiv. In Rosales but

not all together)

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II (2003)• Ranunculales

– Papaveraceae

– Fumariaceae• (Berberidaceae)• (Ranunculaceae)

• Combined Ranunculales + Papaverales

• Herbaceous• Toothed/lobed/compound

leaves• Presence of alkaloids

(isoquinoline type)• Hypogynous, parts free and

distince• Numerous stamens• Seeds w/tiny embryos• Copious endosperm

• Brassicales– Capparaceae (in

Brassicaceae)

– Brassicaceae

– Tovariaceae

– Resedaceae

– Moringaceae– Bretschneideraceae

(in Akaniaceae)

• Monophyly of Brassicales and Capparales based on chloroplast sequence

• Mustard oils! (glucosinolates)• 4-merous flowers,

tetradynamous stamens• Seeds with curved/folded

embryos• Lacking/nearly lacking

endosperm– (5-merous straight embryos,

parietal plac, endosperm in Moringaceae & Akariaceae)

End