Rhode and Shwartz - LTE - 1MA154_1e

LTE Base Station Tests according to TS 36.141 Application Note

Products: | R&SSMU200A | R&SAMU100A | R&SSMATE200A | R&SSMBV100A | R&SSMF100A | R&SSMR

| R&SFSQ | R&SFSG | R&SFSV

3GPP TS36.141 covers Base Station (eNodeB) conformance testing for E-UTRA. This Application Note shows how easy it is to perform Transmitter and Receiver tests with R&S signal generators and R&S signal and spectrum analyzers. Remote control programming is demonstrated by means of a free-of-charge program.

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Table of Contents

1MA154_1e Rohde & Schwarz LTE Base Station Tests 2

Table of Contents 1 Introduction......................................................................................... 4

2 General ................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Special Comments.......................................................................................................4 2.2 Covered Tests in Accordance with TS 36.141...........................................................5 2.3 Tests by Instruments ..................................................................................................6 2.4 Complete Test setup....................................................................................................7 2.5 Program ........................................................................................................................8

3 Tests according to TS 36.141........................................................... 10 3.1 Transmitter Characteristics ( Chapter 6 ) ................................................................10

3.1.1 Prior considerations..................................................................................................10 3.1.2 Base station output power ( 6.2 ) .............................................................................12 3.1.3 Total power dynamic range ( 6.3.2) ..........................................................................13 3.1.4 Transmitted signal quality ........................................................................................14

3.1.4.1 Frequency error / EVM ( 6.5.1 / 2) .............................................................................14 3.1.4.2 Time alignment between transmitter branches ( 6.5.3 ).........................................15

3.1.5 Unwanted emissions ( 6.6 ).......................................................................................16 3.1.5.1 Occupied bandwidth ( 6.6.1 ) ....................................................................................16 3.1.5.2 Adjacent Channel Leakage Power (ACLR) ( 6.6.2) .................................................17 3.1.5.3 Operating band unwanted emissions ( 6.6.3 ) ........................................................20 3.1.5.4 Transmitter spurious emissions ( 6.6.4 ) .................................................................22

3.1.6 Transmitter intermodulation ( 6.7 )...........................................................................24 3.2 Receiver Characteristics ( Chapter 7 ).....................................................................26

3.2.1 Prior considerations..................................................................................................26 3.2.2 Reference sensitivity level ( 7.2 ) .............................................................................27 3.2.3 Dynamic range ( 7.3 ).................................................................................................29 3.2.4 In-channel selectivity ( 7.4 ) ......................................................................................32 3.2.5 Adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) and narrow-band blocking ( 7.5 ).................35 3.2.6 Blocking ( 7.6 ) ...........................................................................................................40 3.2.7 Receiver spurious emissions ( 7.7 ).........................................................................44 3.2.8 Receiver intermodulation ( 7.8 ) ...............................................................................46

Table of Contents


4 Appendix ........................................................................................... 52 4.1 Program LTE BS Test ................................................................................................52

4.1.1 PC requirements ........................................................................................................52 4.1.2 Installation ..................................................................................................................52 4.1.3 Usage ..........................................................................................................................52

4.2 References..................................................................................................................57 4.3 Additional Information ..............................................................................................57

5 Ordering Information........................................................................ 58

The following abbreviations are used in this Application Note for Rohde & Schwarz test equipment: • The R&S®SMJ100A vector signal generator is referred to as the SMJ. • The R&S®SMATE200A vector signal generator is referred to as the SMATE. • The R&S®SMU200A vector signal generator is referred to as the SMU. • The R&S®AMU200A baseband signal generator and fading simulator is referred to as the AMU. • The R&S®SMBV100A vector signal generator is referred to as the SMBV. • The R&S®SMF100A signal generator is referred to as the SMF. • The R&S®SMR signal generator is referred to as the SMR. • The R&S®FSQ signal analyzer is referred to as the FSQ. • The R&S®FSG signal analyzer is referred to as the FSG. • The R&S®FSV spectrum analyzer is referred to as the FSV. • The SMJ, SMATE, SMBV and SMU are referred to as the SMx. • The FSQ, FSV, and FSG are referred to as the FSx.

Introduction


1 Introduction Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) as described by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is the next step in pushing third-generation (3G) systems from WCDMA over HSPA and HSPA+ to the future. This Application Note describes solutions for generating and analyzing LTE signals using equipment from Rohde & Schwarz for Base Station (eNodeB) testing. The features that make the SMU vector signal generator and the FSP, FSV and the FSQ spectrum and signal analyzer highly suitable for this purpose are detailed. Each measurement as described in the standard is shown, special implementation tips are provided, and typical measurement results are presented as instrument screenshots. This Application Note covers receiver and transmitter tests in line with the following standards: Base Station conformance testing, 3GPP TS 36.141 Release 8, V8.4.0 Additionally, a free-of-charge demonstration software program named "LTE BS Test" is included to show the necessary SCPI remote control commands and to run all LTE BS tests for demonstration and evaluation.

2 General

2.1 Special Comments

Very high power occurs on base stations! Be sure to use suitable attenuators in order to prevent damage to the test equipment.

General


2.2 Covered Tests in Accordance with TS 36.141

Following tests are covered in this Application Note:

Transmitter characteristics ( Chapter 6 ) Chapter Name

6.2 Base station output power 6.3.2 Total power dynamic range 6.5.1 Transmitted signal quality: Frequency error 6.5.2 Transmitted signal quality: EVM 6.5.3 Transmitted signal quality: Time alignment between transmitter branches 6.6 Unwanted emissions 6.7 Transmitter intermodulation

Receiver characteristics ( Chapter 7 ) Chapter Name

7.2 Reference sensitivity level 7.3 Dynamic range 7.4 In-channel selectivity 7.5 Adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) and narrow-band blocking 7.6 Blocking 7.7 Receiver spurious emissions 7.8 Receiver intermodulation

Table 1: Covered tests

General


2.3 Tests by Instruments

Table 2 shows which instruments are needed for the TX tests. The LTE interfering signal can be generated by an SMU, SMJ or SMBV. Please note that the demonstration program uses a two-path SMU.

Table 2: Needed instruments for TX tests Table 3 shows which instruments are needed for the RX tests. Please note that the demonstration program uses a two-path SMU.

General


Table 3: Needed instruments for RX tests

2.4 Complete Test setup

Figure 1 shows the complete test setup. The individual tests can be done by tailored test setups which are detailed in the single sections.

General


Figure 1: Complete Test setup

2.5 Program

This Application Note comes with a demo program called "LTE BS Test" which is free of charge. Each test described in this Application Note can be executed quickly and easily using the demo program. The program offers a straightforward user interface, and SCPI remote command sequence export functions for integrating the programming code into any user-specific test environment. Getting started When the program is started the first time, you are requested to register.

General


We kindly ask you to register the program. Registration is free of charge and does not obligate you or your company. The unregistered version has full functionality and no expiration date. Please follow the instructions on the screen in order to register. After clicking "Continue" or entering Name and Key, the user interface will come up:

Figure 2: User Interface Program For more details please see section 4.1.3.

Tests according to TS 36.141


3 Tests according to TS 36.141

3.1 Transmitter Characteristics ( Chapter 6 )

3.1.1 Prior considerations

Test models For the transmitter characteristic tests EUTRA test models (E-TM) are specified. Each test model has different settings for the different channels bandwidths. Following models are defined: ● E-UTRA Test Model 1.1 (E-TM1.1) ● E-UTRA Test Model 1.2 (E-TM1.2) ● E-UTRA Test Model 2 (E-TM2) ● E-UTRA Test Model 3.1 (E-TM3.1) ● E-UTRA Test Model 3.2 (E-TM3.2) ● E-UTRA Test Model 3.3 (E-TM3.3)

For more details please refer to [1], section 6.1. All models are implemented as predefined settings for FDD and TDD in the SMx and the FSx as well. Measurements in FSx The demodulation with a signal analyzer like FSx returns different measurement results like power, EVM, … in one shot (Figure 3). .



Figure 3: Measurement results K100 Channels According to [1] the channels to test are in the bottom (B), the middle (M) and the top (T) of the supported frequency range of the base station Categories The manufacturer has to declare if the base station fits to limits category A or B as defined in ITU-R recommendation SM.329. Please see [1], section 4.6.4 for more details. General Parameters (in the software LTE BS Test) General parameters like frequency, bandwidth… can be set ( Figure 4).

Figure 4: General parameters



Simulation For demonstration purpose the SMx can simulate the base station. This can be switched on by Simulation in the software LTE BS Test. Then additional settings on the SMx can be configured (Figure 5). Please note that the simulation always uses path B of the SMU, as path A is used for interfering signals for test 6.7.

Figure 5: Simulation parameters Test setup If not mentioned explicitly, all transmitter tests use test setup Figure 6.

Figure 6: Test setup: Power

3.1.2 Base station output power ( 6.2 )

In this test, the maximum output power of the base station is checked. The power shall not vary more than ± 2.7 dB for normal conditions and ± 3.2 dB for extreme conditions. The test shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T). The base station shall transmit a signal according test model E-TM1.1. Remote control example The example ● measures the power with the option K100 at the FSx ● can simulate the BS by generating a signal according to TM1.1 at the SMx



Figure 7 shows the report.

Figure 7: Report: 6.2 Output Power

3.1.3 Total power dynamic range ( 6.3.2)

The total power dynamic range is the difference between the maximum and the minimum transmit power of an OFDM symbol. The test shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T). The base station shall transmit two signals one after the other according to test models E-TM3.1 and E-TM2. For each test model the average OFDM symbol power has to be measured. The difference of both powers is the power dynamic range. It shall be larger or equal to the level in Table 4. Total power dynamic range

channel bandwidth (MHz)

Total power dynamic range (dB)

1.4 7.3

3 11.3

5 13.5

10 16.5

15 18.3

20 19.6

Table 4: Total power dynamic range Remote control example The example ● measures two times the power with the option K100 at the FSx and displays the

dynamic range ● can simulate the BS by generating two signals according to TM3.1 and TM2 at the

SMx When the test runs, following message box appears (Figure 8):



Figure 8: Messagebox: Change Testmodel Figure 9 shows a typical entry in the report.

Figure 9: Report: 6.3.2 Dynamic range

3.1.4 Transmitted signal quality

3.1.4.1 Frequency error / EVM ( 6.5.1 / 2)

In this test the frequency error and the error vector magnitude are checked. The test shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T) and the base station shall transmit at maximum power. The test shall be done according to test models E-TM3.1, E-TM3.2, E-TM3.3 and E-TM2. The frequency error shall be accurate within ± 0.05 ppm + 12 Hz. The EVM shall be less than the limits in Table 5. EVM requirements Modulation scheme for

PDSCH Required EVM [%]

QPSK 18.5

16QAM 13.5

64QAM 9.0

Table 5: EVM requirements



Remote control example The example ● measures and displays the frequency error and the EVM with the option K100 at

the FSx ● can simulate the BS by generating signals according a selectable test model at the

SMx Figure 10 shows the entry in the report.

Figure 10: Report: 6.5.1/2 Frequency error + EVM

3.1.4.2 Time alignment between transmitter branches ( 6.5.3 )

For base stations with two transmit antennas supporting TX Diversity or spatial multiplexing the delay between two ports has to be measured. The test shall be done on one channel ( M ). The signal shall be according to E-TM1.1 on both ports or any downlink signal using TX diversity or spatial multiplexing. The time alignment error shall be less than 90 ns. Please note that for this test the option FS-K102 is necessary. Test setup

Figure 11: Setup Time Alignment Error Remote control example The example ● measures and displays the time alignment error with the option K102 at the FSx



● can simulate the BS by generating two signals according to a selectable test model at the SMx

Figure 11 shows a typical report.

Figure 12: Report: 6.5.3 Time Alignment Error

3.1.5 Unwanted emissions ( 6.6 )

Unwanted emissions consist of out-of-band emissions and spurious emissions. Spurious emissions are emissions caused by unwanted transmitter effects such as harmonics emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products. Out of band emissions are unwanted emissions outside the channel bandwidth resulting from the modulation process and non-linearity in the transmitter. If unwanted emissions are not suppressed sufficiently, they can considerably impair other radio services. The tests shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T).

3.1.5.1 Occupied bandwidth ( 6.6.1 )

The test purpose is to verify that the emission of the base station does not occupy an excessive bandwidth. The base station shall transmit a signal according to test model E-TM1.1 at maximum power. The occupied bandwidth shall be less than the nominal channel bandwidth. Remote control example The example ● measures and displays the occupied bandwidth with the option K100 at the FSx ● can simulate the BS by generating a signal according to a selectable test model at

the SMx Figure 13 shows the entry in the report. Figure 14 shows the measurement screen of the FSx.



Figure 13: Report: 6.6.1 Occupied Bandwidth

Figure 14: Measurement: Occupied Bandwidth

3.1.5.2 Adjacent Channel Leakage Power (ACLR) ( 6.6.2)

Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (ACLR) is the ratio of the filtered mean power centered on the assigned channel frequency to the filtered mean power centered on an adjacent channel frequency. The base station shall transmit signals according to test models E-TM1.1 and E-TM1.2 at maximum power. For paired and unpaired spectrum different settings and limits apply (Table 6 and Table 7).



ACLR in paired spectrum E-UTRA transmitted signal channel bandwidth BWChannel [MHz]

BS adjacent channel centre frequency offset below the first or above the last carrier centre frequency transmitted

Assumed adjacent channel carrier (informative)

Filter on the adjacent channel frequency and corresponding filter bandwidth

ACLR limit

BWChannel E-UTRA of same BW Square (BWConfig) 44.2 dB 2 x BWChannel E-UTRA of same BW Square (BWConfig) 44.2 dB

BWChannel /2 + 2.5 MHz 3.84 Mcps UTRA RRC (3.84 Mcps) 44.2 dB

1.4, 3.0, 5, 10, 15, 20

BWChannel /2 + 7.5 MHz 3.84 Mcps UTRA RRC (3.84 Mcps) 44.2 dB Table 6: ACLR requirements in paired spectrum

ACLR in unpaired spectrum E-UTRA transmitted signal channel bandwidth BWChannel [MHz]

BS adjacent channel centre frequency offset below the first or above the last carrier centre frequency transmitted

Assumed adjacent channel carrier (informative)

Filter on the adjacent channel frequency and corresponding filter bandwidth

ACLR limit

BWChannel E-UTRA of same BW Square (BWConfig) 44.2 dB 2 x BWChannel E-UTRA of same BW Square (BWConfig) 44.2 dB

BWChannel /2 + 0.8 MHz 1.28 Mcps UTRA RRC (1.28 Mcps) 44.2 dB

1.4, 3.0

BWChannel /2 + 2.4 MHz 1.28 Mcps UTRA RRC (1.28 Mcps) 44.2 dB BWChannel E-UTRA of same BW Square (BWConfig) 44.2 dB

2 x BWChannel E-UTRA of same BW Square (BWConfig) 44.2 dB BWChannel /2 + 0.8 MHz 1.28 Mcps UTRA RRC (1.28 Mcps) 44.2 dB BWChannel /2 + 2.4 MHz 1.28 Mcps UTRA RRC (1.28 Mcps) 44.2 dB BWChannel /2 + 2.5 MHz 3.84 Mcps UTRA RRC (3.84 Mcps) 44.2 dB BWChannel /2 + 7.5 MHz 3.84 Mcps UTRA RRC (3.84 Mcps) 44.2 dB BWChannel /2 + 5 MHz 7.68 Mcps UTRA RRC (7.68 Mcps) 44.2 dB

5, 10, 15, 20

BWChannel /2 + 15 MHz 7.68 Mcps UTRA RRC (7.68 Mcps) 44.2 dB Table 7: ACLR requirements in unpaired spectrum Additionally for unpaired spectrum for Category A the absolute limit of -13 dBm/MHz applies, for Category B the absolute limit of -15 dBm/MHz applies, whichever is less stringent. Remote control example The example ● measures and displays the ACLR with the option K100 at the FSx both with

square filter and RRC filter (according to [1]) ● can simulate the BS by generating a signal according to a selectable test model at

the SMx Figure 15 shows the setting for the ACLR measurement. You can choose between paired and unpaired spectrum according to [1]. Figure 16 shows the entry in the report. Figure 17 shows the measurement screen of the FSx.



Figure 15: Setting ACLR

Figure 16: Report: 6.6.2 ACLR



Figure 17: Measurement ACLR with FSx

3.1.5.3 Operating band unwanted emissions ( 6.6.3 )

The Operating band unwanted emission limits are defined from 10 MHz below the lowest frequency of the downlink operating band up to 10 MHz above the highest frequency of the downlink operating band. The base station shall transmit signals according to test models E-TM1.1 and E-TM1.2. The settings for the measurements differ between categories A and B and the band lower or higher 1 GHz. Also additional requirements for certain regions may apply. For details please refer to section 6.6.3.5 of [1]. Remote control example The example ● measures and displays the emissions with the option K100 at the FSx ● can simulate the BS by generating a signal according a selectable test model at

the SMx

Figure 18 shows the setting for the category. Figure 19 shows the entry in the report. Figure 20 shows the measurement screen of the FSx.



Figure 18: Setting of base station category

Figure 19: Report: 6.6.3 Operating band emissions



Figure 20: Measurement Operating Band

3.1.5.4 Transmitter spurious emissions ( 6.6.4 )

The transmitter spurious emission limits apply from 9 kHz to 12.75 GHz, excluding the frequency range from 10 MHz below the lowest frequency of the downlink operating band up to 10 MHz above the highest frequency of the downlink operating band. The base station shall transmit signals according to test models E-TM1.1 at maximum power. Table 8 and Table 9 show the general settings for the measurement. Additional requirements may apply for co-existence with other systems and / or co-location with other base stations (please see [1] section 6.6.4)

Spurious emission limits, Category A Frequency range Maximum level Measurement Bandwidth

9kHz - 150kHz 1 kHz 150kHz - 30MHz 10 kHz 30MHz - 1GHz 100 kHz

1GHz – 12.75 GHz

-13 dBm

1 MHz Table 8: Spurious emission requirements, Cat. A



Spurious emissions limits, Category B Frequency range Maximum Level Measurement

Bandwidth 9 kHz - 150 kHz -36 dBm 1 kHz

150 kHz - 30 MHz -36 dBm 10 kHz 30 MHz - 1 GHz -36 dBm 100 kHz

1 GHz - 12.75 GHz -30 dBm 1 MHz Table 9: Spurious emission requirements, Cat. B Remote control example The example ● measures and displays the emissions at the FSx ● can simulate the BS by generating a signal according a selectable test model at

the SMx Figure 21 shows the entry in the report. Figure 32 shows the measurement screen of the FSx.

Figure 21: Report: 6.6.4 Spurious emissions



Figure 22: Measurement Spurious Emissions

3.1.6 Transmitter intermodulation ( 6.7 )

The test purpose is to verify the ability of the BS transmitter to restrict the generation of intermodulation products in its non linear elements caused by presence of the wanted signal and an interfering signal reaching the transmitter via the antenna. The base station shall transmit signals according to test models E-TM1.1 at maximum power. The interfering signal power shall be 30 dB lower than the wanted signal at the frequency offsets of ± 2.5 MHz, ± 7.5 MHz and ± 12.5 MHz. The limits are the same like out-of-band emission requirements of 6.6.2 [1] and 6.6.3 [1] and transmitter spurious emissions requirements of 6.6.4 [1]. The tests shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T).



Test setup

Figure 23: Setup transmitter intermodulation

Remote control example The example ● measures and displays the emissions at the FSx ● can simulate the BS by generating a signal according a selectable test model at

the SMx Figure 24 shows the parameter settings for transmitter intermodulation.

Figure 24: Parameter Transmitter intermodulation

Figure 25 shows a typical entry in the report.



Figure 25: 6.7 Report Intermodulation

3.2 Receiver Characteristics ( Chapter 7 )

3.2.1 Prior considerations

Fixed Reference Channels (FRC) For the receiver characteristic tests Fixed reference channels (FRC) are defined. They are named according [1], appendix A and are split in different subsets: FRC A1: A1-1…A1-5 FRC A2: A2-1…A2-3 For more details please refer to [1], section A. All FRCs are implemented as predefined settings for FDD and TDD in the SMx. Channels According to [1] the channels to test are in the bottom (B), the middle (M) and the top (T) of the supported frequency range of the base station. Virtual Resource Block Offset (VRB) In the SMx all RBs are allocated by default at the left edge of the spectrum. In a couple of tests not all RBs are allocated thus by adjusting the parameter VRB you can define the position of the RBs. Figure 26 shows an example for 1.4 MHz. One RB is allocated (green) out of six. Via setting VRB to 2 the RB is allocated at position 3.

Figure 26: VRB



Simulation For demonstration purpose the FSx can simulate the base station. This can be switched on by Simulation in the software LTE BS Test. The FSx then performs a spectrum measurement to show the signal. As a example Figure 27 shows the spectrum of the ACS test (7.5). You can see the wanted signal in the middle and the interfering signal at the right edge.

Figure 27: Spectrum of ACS signal

3.2.2 Reference sensitivity level ( 7.2 )

In this test the throughput is measured at a certain input level (Reference sensitivity level). The tests shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T). For the parameter in Table 10 the throughput shall be equal or greater 95%.



Reference sensitivity levels

Channel bandwidth [MHz]

Reference measurement channel

Reference sensitivity power level, PREFSENS [dBm]

1.4 FRC A1-1 -106.1 3 FRC A1-2 -102.3 5 FRC A1-3 -100.8

10 FRC A1-3 -100.8 15 FRC A1-3 -100.8 20 FRC A1-3 -100.8

Table 10: reference sensitivity levels

Test Setup

Figure 28: Test setup Reference sensitivity level Remote control example The example ● Generates the wanted signal at path A of the SMx ● can simulate the BS by showing the spectrum at the FSx Figure 29 shows the parameters for the test. You can set the Frequency, the power level and the attenuation. The power level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth. The FRC is selected automatically according to the channel bandwidth. For channel bandwidth equal or greater 10 MHz FRC A1-3 is selected with 25 RBs so not all RBs are allocated. Thus you also can setup via VRB the position of the allocated RBs.



Figure 29: Parameter Reference Sensitivity

Figure 30 shows an example for the report.

Figure 30: Report: 7.2: reference Sensitivity

3.2.3 Dynamic range ( 7.3 )

In this test the throughput is measured at a certain input level with the presence of an interfering signal (AWGN). The tests shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T). For the parameter in Table 11 the throughput shall be equal or greater 95%.



Dynamic range

Channel bandwidth [MHz]


Wanted signal mean power [dBm]

Interfering signal mean power [dBm] / BWConfig

Type of interfering signal

1.4 FRC A2-1 -76.0 -88.7 AWGN 3 FRC A2-2 -72.1 -84.7 AWGN 5 FRC A2-3 -69.9 -82.5 AWGN

10 FRC A2-3 -69.9 -79.5 AWGN 15 FRC A2-3 -69.9 -77.7 AWGN 20 FRC A2-3 -69.9 -76.4 AWGN

Table 11: Dynamic range requirements

Test setup

Figure 31: Test setup Dynamic range

Remote control example The example ● Generates the wanted signal and the interferer at path A of the SMx ● can simulate the BS by showing the spectrum at the FSx Figure 32 shows the parameters for the test. You can set the Frequency, the power level and the attenuation. The power level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth. The FRC is selected automatically according to the channel bandwidth. For channel bandwidth equal or greater 10 MHz FRC A1-3 is selected with 25 RBs so not all RBs are allocated. Thus you also can setup via VRB the position of the allocated RBs. In the section Dynamic range you can set the AWGN level. The AWGN level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth.



Figure 32: Settings Dynamic range Figure 33 shows an example entry in the report.

Figure 33: Report: 7.3 Dynamic range



3.2.4 In-channel selectivity ( 7.4 )

In-channel selectivity (ICS) is a measure of the receiver ability to receive a wanted signal at its assigned Resource Block locations in the presence of an interfering signal (E-UTRA). The tests shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T). For the parameter in Table 12 the throughput shall be equal or greater 95%.

In-channel selectivity

E-UTRA

channel bandwidth (MHz)



Interfering signal mean power [dBm]


1.4 A1-4 -105.5 -87 1.4 MHz E-UTRA signal, 3 RBs

3 A1-5 -100.7 -84 3 MHz E-UTRA signal, 6 RBs





Table 12: ICS requirements Figure 34 shows the placement of the wanted and interfering RBs around DC as an example for bandwidth 1.4 MHz.

Figure 34: ICS



Test setup

Figure 35: Test setup: ICS

Remote control example The example ● Generates the wanted signal at path A and the interferer at path B of the SMx ● can simulate the BS by showing the spectrum at the FSx Figure 36 shows the parameters for the test. You can set the Frequency, the power level and the attenuation. The power level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth. The FRC is selected automatically according to the channel bandwidth. For channel bandwidth equal or greater 10 MHz FRC A1-3 is selected with 25 RBs so not all RBs are allocated. The RBs are always placed around the DC. The setting Mirror at DC switches (or mirrors) the wanted and interfering signal. The Cell ID and the UE ID can be set for the wanted and the interfering signal as well.



Figure 36: Settings ICS

Figure 37 shows an example entry in the report.

Figure 37: Report: 7.4 ICS



3.2.5 Adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) and narrow-band blocking ( 7.5 )

ACS Adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) is a measure of the receiver’s ability to receive a wanted signal (according to FRC A1) in the presence of an adjacent channel signal (E-UTRA) with a specified centre frequency offset. The tests shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T). For the parameters in Table 13 the throughput shall be equal or greater 95%.

Adjacent channel selectivity

E-UTRA

channel bandwidth [MHz]



absolute


Interfering signal centre frequency offset from the channel edge of the wanted signal [MHz]


1.4 PREFSENS + 11dB -95.8 -52 0.7025 1.4 MHz E-UTRA signal

3 PREFSENS + 8dB -95.0 -52 1.5075 3 MHz E-UTRA signal





Table 13: ACS requirements Figure 38 shows the wanted and interfering signal as an example for 1.4 MHz.



Figure 38:ACS Figure 39 shows the parameters for the test. You can set the frequency, the power level and the attenuation. The power level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth. The wanted and interfering signals are always allocated automatically with all possible RBs according to the channel bandwidth. The setting Mirror at DC switches between the two channel edges. The Cell ID and the UE ID can be set for the wanted and the interfering signal as well.

Figure 39: Settings ACS



Figure 40 shows an example entry in the report.

Figure 40: Report: 7.5a ACS

Narrow Band Blocking Narrow Band Blocking is similar to ACS but with interfering signals consisting of only one RB. The tests shall be done on three channels ( B, M and T). For the parameters in Table 14 the throughput shall be equal or greater 95%.

Narrowband blocking requirement

E-UTRA

Assigned BW [MHz]



absolute


Interfering RB centre frequency offset to the channel edge of the wanted signal [kHz]


1.4 PREFSENS + 6dB -100.8 -49

252.5+m*180, m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

5

1.4 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

3 PREFSENS + 6dB -97.0 -49

247.5+m*180, m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

7, 10, 13

3 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

5 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5 -49

342.5+m*180, m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

9, 14, 19, 24


10 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5 -49

347.5+m*180, m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

9, 14, 19, 24


15 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5 -49

352.5+m*180, m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

9, 14, 19, 24


20 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5 -49

342.5+m*180, m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

9, 14, 19, 24


Table 14: Narrow Band Blocking requirements Figure 41 shows the wanted and interfering signal as an example for 1.4 MHz.



Figure 41: Narrow Band On the SMx the interfering signal is allocated with one RB which is placed in the middle of the channel bandwidth of the interferer. As the center of the interfering RB determines the offset, for channel bandwidth with even RB allocations on the SMU additional a half RB size ( 180 KHz / 2 ) has to be added. This applies for the interfering bandwidth of 1.4 MHz only. Figure 42 shows the parameters for the test. You can set the frequency, the power level and the attenuation. The power level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth. The wanted signal is always allocated automatically with all possible RBs according to the channel bandwidth. The interfering signal is allocated with only 1 RB. The parameter m for the offset can be selected. The setting Mirror at DC switches between the two channel edges (upper and lower). The Cell ID and the UE ID can be set for the wanted and the interfering signal as well.



Figure 42: Settings Narrow Band Figure 43 shows an example entry in the report.

Figure 43: Report: 7.5b Narrow Band



Test setup Both tests of 7.5 share the same test setup.

Figure 44: Setup ACS and Narrow Band Blocking Remote control example The example ● Generates the wanted signal at path A and the interferer at path B of the SMx ● can simulate the BS by showing the spectrum at the FSx

3.2.6 Blocking ( 7.6 )

The blocking characteristics is a measure of the receiver ability to receive a wanted signal at its assigned channel in the presence of an unwanted interferer. The test is split in an in-band test with an E-UTRA interferer near to operating band and an out-of-band test with an CW interferer from 1 MHz up to 12750 MHz. Additional tests (Co-location with other base stations) has to be done with an CW interferer (see [1]). The tests shall be done on one channel ( M ). For the parameter in Table 15 the throughput shall be equal or greater 95%. The wanted signal is a FRC A1 according to the channel bandwidth (Table 15 and Table 16).



Blocking performance requirement Operating Band

Centre Frequency of Interfering Signal [MHz]

Interfering Signal mean power [dBm]

Wanted Signal mean power [dBm]

Type of Interfering Signal

(FUL_low -20) to (FUL_high +20) -43 PREFSENS +6dB E-UTRA 1-7, 9-11, 13-14, 33-

40 1

(FUL_high +20) to to

(FUL_low -20) 12750 -15 PREFSENS +6dB CW

(FUL_low -20) to (FUL_high +10) -43 PREFSENS +6dB E-UTRA 81



(FUL_low -20) to (FUL_high +12) -43 PREFSENS +6dB E-UTRA 12 1



17 (FUL_low -20) to (FUL_high +18) -43 PREFSENS +6dB E-UTRA 1



Table 15: Blocking requirements

E-UTRA Interfering signals for Blocking

E-UTRA

channel BW [MHz]

Interfering signal centre frequency minimum offset to the channel edge of the wanted signal [MHz]


1.4 2.1 1.4 MHz E-UTRA signal

3 4.5 3 MHz E-UTRA signal





Table 16: E-UTRA Interfering signals for blocking tests

Test setup Figure 45 and Figure 46 show possible test setups for the blocking test. Setup 1 uses one SMx to generate the wanted and the E-UTRA interfering signal. This setup also can be used for CW interfering signal but with limited frequency range(up to 3/6 GHz depending on the signal generator). For the whole frequency range up 12750 MHz a second generator has to be used (e.g. SMR or SMF ).



Figure 45: Test setup Blocking with E-UTRA interferer

Figure 46: Test setup Blocking with CW interferer

Remote control example The example ● Generates the wanted signal and the interferer with one or two generators Figure 42 shows the parameters for the test. You can set the frequency, the power level and the attenuation. The power level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth. The FRC is selected automatically according to the channel bandwidth. For channel bandwidth equal or greater 10 MHz FRC A1-3 is selected with 25 RBs so not all RBs are allocated. Thus you also can setup via VRB the position of the allocated RBs. In the section Blocking you can choose between CW or E-UTRA blocking via LTE Blocking. The Cell ID and the UE ID can be set for the wanted and the interfering signal as well.



The test automatically uses the start and stop frequency and increments by 1 MHz. The ‘Wait Time’ can be adjusted to meet special base station needs. It is also possible to use external attenuation setting files to control this test by use file and entering the path and file name. Please contact [email protected] for more details. use 2nd generator allows you to use a second generator for full frequency CW testing.

Figure 47: Settings Blocking Figure 48 shows a typical entry in the report.

mailto:[email protected]



Figure 48: Report: 7.6 Blocking

3.2.7 Receiver spurious emissions ( 7.7 )

The spurious emissions power is the power of emissions generated or amplified in a receiver that appear at the BS receiver antenna connector. The requirements apply to all BS with separate RX and TX antenna ports. The test shall be performed when both TX and RX are on, with the TX port terminated. The tests shall be done on one channel ( M ). The base station shall transmit a signal according to E-TM 1.1 with maximum power. The power of any spurious emission shall not exceed the levels in Table 17. General spurious emission test requirement Frequency range Maximum

level Measurement Bandwidth

30MHz - 1 GHz -57 dBm 100 kHz 1 GHz - 12.75 GHz -47 dBm 1 MHz

Table 17: General spurious emission test requirement



Test setup

Figure 49: Test setup Receiver Spurious emissions

Remote control example The example ● Measures the spurious emission with FSx You can enter both limits according to Table 17 ( Figure 50 ).

Figure 50: Settings spurious emissions Figure 51 shows an entry in the report.



Figure 51: Report: 7.7 Receiver Spurious Emissions

3.2.8 Receiver intermodulation ( 7.8 )

Third and higher order mixing of the two interfering RF signals can produce an interfering signal in the band of the desired channel. Intermodulation response rejection is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal on its assigned channel frequency in the presence of two interfering signals (CW and E-UTRA). The test is split in two possible E-UTRA interfering scenarios. One interfering scenario allocates all possible RBs, the narrow band scenarios consist of one RB only. The tests shall be done on three channels (B, M, T ). For the parameter in Table 18 and Table 19 the throughput shall be equal or greater 95%. The wanted signal is a FRC A1 according to the channel bandwidth (Table 18 and Table 19).



Intermodulation performance

E-UTRA




absolute


Interfering signal centre

frequency offset from the channel edge of the

wanted signal [MHz]


-52 2.1 CW 1.4 PREFSENS + 6dB -100.8

-52 4.9 1.4 MHz E-UTRA signal

-52 4.5 CW 3 PREFSENS + 6dB -97.0

-52 10.5 3.0 MHz E-UTRA signal

-52 7.5 CW 5 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 17.5 5 MHz E-UTRA signal

-52 7.5 CW 10 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 17.7 5 MHz E-UTRA signal

-52 7.5 CW 15 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 18 5MHz E-UTRA signal

-52 7.5 CW 20 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 18.2 5MHz E-UTRA signal

Table 18: Receiver intermodulation requirements



Narrowband intermodulation performance

E-UTRA




absolute


Interfering RB centre frequency offset from the channel edge of the wanted signal [kHz]


-52 270 CW 1.4 PREFSENS + 6dB -100.8

-52 790 1.4 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

-52 275 CW 3 PREFSENS + 6dB -97.0

-52 790 3.0 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

-52 360 CW 5 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 1060 5 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

-52 415 CW 10 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 1420 5 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

-52 380 CW 15 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 1600 5MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

-52 345 CW 20 PREFSENS + 6dB -95.5

-52 1780 5MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB

Table 19: Receiver intermodulation narrow band requirements



Test setup Two setups are possible. With the option K62 of the SMx a CW interferer can be generated in the AWGN section of the baseband (Figure 52). Alternatively a second generator can provide the CW interferer (Figure 53).

Figure 52: Test setup Receiver intermodulation

Figure 53: Test setup Receiver intermodulation with 2nd generator Remote control example The example ● Generates the wanted signal and the two interferers with and without the 2nd

generator



● can simulate the BS by showing the spectrum at the FSx Figure 54 shows the parameters for the test. You can set the frequency, the power level and the attenuation. The power level is set to default levels of the specification by the selected channel bandwidth. The FRC is selected automatically according to the channel bandwidth. For channel bandwidth equal or greater 10 MHz FRC A1-3 is selected with 25 RBs so not all RBs are allocated. Thus you also can setup via VRB the position of the allocated RBs. The Cell ID and the UE ID can be set for the wanted and the interfering signal as well. In the section Receiver Intermodulation you can enable Narrow Band to use one RB only. Additionally you can use a 2nd generator as CW interferer and set the attenuation for the second generator.

Figure 54:Settings Receiver Intermodulation Figure 55 shows a typically entry in the report.



Figure 55: Report: 7.8 Receiver Intermodulation

Appendix


4 Appendix

4.1 Program LTE BS Test

4.1.1 PC requirements

Recommended system configuration: ● Operating system:

− Microsoft Windows XP / Vista − .NET framework V2.0 or higher

● General PC requirements: − Pentium 1 GHz or faster − 1 Gbyte RAM − 100 Mbyte space harddisk − XGA Monitor (1024x768)

● Remote control interface: − National Instruments VISA − GPIB card Or − LAN connection

Note: If you have problems with running the program, please check your PC firewall settings.

4.1.2 Installation

The file 1MA154_<version number>.ZIP is required in order to install on the controlling PC. Execute the installation program ( setup.exe ) and select the installation directory.

4.1.3 Usage

Devices First you have to enter the remote addresses in the section Devices:

Appendix


Figure 56: Program: Devices You can use for TCPIP the direct LAN address or the computer name as well. GPIB is also possible by using the GPIB address like GPIB::20::INSTR . With Test you can check the remote control connection. If everything is OK, the Test button becomes green. When running the K100 on the FSx special settings are needed: K100: TCPIP::FSQ26-200032::INST1 Analyzer: TCPIP::FSQ26-200032::INST0 Please note that software K100 must already be started on the local PC or the FSx as well. Tests Select under Tests between Transmitter or Receiver Tests. This changes the available testcases in the drop down box (Figure 57 and Figure 58).

Figure 57: TX Tests

Appendix


Figure 58: RX Tests

Parameter The available parameters depend on the selected testcase. Both Generator and / or Analyzer parameters can be set (Figure 59 and Figure 60 ).

Appendix


Figure 59: Parameter Generator

Appendix


Figure 60: Parameter Analyzer With Reset all connected instruments perform a reset (recommended). Simulation simulates the DUT. The Duplex Mode can be selected for all tests (FDD or TDD). Start The green Start button runs the test. Information and measurement results are displayed in Report. Show Commands opens a new window with all sent SCPI remote commands which can be copied (Figure 62). Demo mode runs the test without instruments connected (Figure 61).

Figure 61: additional buttons

Appendix


Figure 62: SCPI commands

4.2 References

[1] Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; E-UTRA Base station conformance testing , Release 8; 3GPP TS 36.141 V 8.4.0, September 2009 [2] Rohde & Schwarz: UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) Technology Introduction,Application Note 1MA111, September 2008 [3] Rohde & Schwarz: LTE Downlink MIMO Verification, Application Note 1MA143, August 2009 [4] Rohde & Schwarz: RF Chipset Verification for UMTS LTE with SMU200A and FSQ, Application Note 1MA138, November 2008

4.3 Additional Information

Please send your comments and suggestions regarding this application note to

[email protected]


Ordering Information


5 Ordering Information Ordering Information Vector Signal Generator SMU200A 1141.2005.02

SMU-B9 Baseband Generator 1161.0766.02



SMU-B13 Baseband Main Module 1141.8003.04

SMU-B14 Fading Simulator 1160.1800.02

SMU-B10x 1st RF path

SMU-B20x 2nd RF path

SMU-B15 Fading Simulator Extension 1160.2288.02

SMU-K62 AWGN 1159.8511.02

SMU-K55 Digital Standard LTE/EUTRA 1408.7310.02

SMU-K74 MIMO Fading 1408.7762.02

Signal Generators SMF100A Microwave signal generator 1167.0000.02

SMR Microwave signal generator 1104.0002.60

Signal Analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers FSQ Up to 3, 8, 26, 31 or 40 GHz 1155.5001.xx

FSG Up to 8 or 13 GHz 1309.0002.xx

FSV Up to 3 or 7 GHz 1307.9002.0x

FSx-K100 EUTRA/LTE Downlink 1308.9006.02

FSx-K102 EUTRA/LTE Downlink, MIMO 1309.9000.02

FSx-K104 EUTRA/LTE Downlink, TDD 1309.9422.02

xx stands for the different frequency ranges (e.g. 1155.5001.26 up to 26 GHz) Note: Available options are not listed in detail .The use of the SMATE and the SMBV vector generator is also possible (SMATE does not support fading). Please contact your local Rohde & Schwarz sales office for further assistance.

About Rohde & Schwarz Rohde & Schwarz is an independent group of companies specializing in electronics. It is a leading supplier of solutions in the fields of test and measurement, broadcasting, radiomonitoring and radiolocation, as well as secure communications. Established 75 years ago, Rohde & Schwarz has a global presence and a dedicated service network in over 70 countries. Company headquarters are in Munich, Germany.

Regional contact Europe, Africa, Middle East +49 1805 12 42 42* or +49 89 4129 137 74 [email protected]

North America 1-888-TEST-RSA (1-888-837-8772) [email protected]

Latin America +1-410-910-7988 [email protected]

Asia/Pacific +65 65 13 04 88 [email protected]

This application note and the supplied programs may only be used subject to the conditions of use set forth in the download area of the Rohde & Schwarz website.

Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Mühldorfstraße 15 | D - 81671 München Phone + 49 89 4129 - 0 | Fax + 49 89 4129 – 13777 www.rohde-schwarz.com


Documents

Rhode and Shwartz - LTE - 1MA154_1e