RHIC Detector UpgradesScience, Scope, Strategy

T. LudlamNew Frontiers at RHIC

Oct. 30, 2005

The RHIC Detectors

RHIC polarized proton accelerator complex

BRAHMS

STAR

PHENIX

AGS

LINACBOOSTER

Pol. H- Source

Spin Rotators(longitudinal polarization)

Solenoid Partial Siberian Snake

Siberian Snakes

200 MeV Polarimeter AGS Internal Polarimeter

Rf Dipole

RHIC pC PolarimetersAbsolute Polarimeter (H jet)

AGS pC PolarimetersStrong Helical AGS Snake

Helical Partial Siberian Snake

PHOBOS

Spin Rotators(longitudinal polarization)

Spin flipper

Siberian Snakes

Year Run Plan Sample Physics 2000 Au-Au at 130 GeV/A 20 b-1 (6 wks) First look at RHIC collisions

2001 – 2002

Au-Au at 200 GeV/A Commission/run pp at 200 GeV Au-Au at inj. E: 19 GeV/A

260 b-1 (16wks) 1.4 pb-1 (5 wks) 0.4 b-1 (1 day)

Global properties; particle spectra; first look at hard scattering. Comparison data and first spin run Global connection to SPS energy range

2003 d-Au at 200 GeV/A

pp at 200 GeV

74 nb-1 (10wks) 5 pb-1 (6 wks)

Comparison data for Au-Au analysis; low-x physics in cold nuclear matter Spin Development & Comparison data

2004 Au-Au at 200 GeV/A

Au-Au at 62 GeV/A pp at 200 GeV

3740 b-1 12wks 67 b-1 (3wks) 10 pb-1 (7wks)

“Long Run” for high statistics, rare events Energy Scan Spin Development: Commission jet target First measurements with longitudinal spin pol.

2005 Cu-Cu at 200 GeV/A

Cu-Cu at 62 GeV/A Cu-Cu at 22 GeV/A pp at 200 GeV pp at 410 GeV

42 nb-1 8wks 1.5 nb-1 12 days 18 b-1 39 hrs 30 pb-1 10 wks 0.1 pb-1 1 day

Comparison studies: surface/volume & impact parameter effects; Energy Scan Spin Development: Lum., Polarization First long data run for spin

Summary of RHIC Runs 1-5

Delivered Luminosity; Physics Weeks

Note: delivered Lum. is summed over all expts.

Four experiments: BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, STARComplementarity and concordance among their results is a hallmark of the program

Tremendous scientific impact• Hundreds of publications; thousands of citations• 3- year retrospective “white papers” published by each of the 4 experiments• Major discoveries have changed the view of high energy nuclear physics:

Jet QuenchingGluon saturation/Color Glass Indications“Near-Perfect-Liquid” behavior

Significant experimental advances• Hard Scattering Auto-generated probes • Fully calibrated comparison data

p-p, d-Au, Au-Au under identical conditions • First high energy polarized proton collider

Major Achievements with RHIC2001 - present

The Big Questions

QCD at High Temperature and Density:What are the properties of quark-gluon matter above TC?

Is chiral symmetry restored? Viscosity? Conductivity?

What is the physics of superdense, strongly-interacting matter?

QCD at High Energy and low x:Is the initial state a Color Glass Condensate?What is the physics of strong color fields?

QCD and the structure of hadrons:What is the origin of nucleon spin?

RHIC II Science Working Groups:www.bnl.gov/physics/rhicIIscience

RHIC II Science Workshop Nov. 11-12

Where do We Go from Here…

Key MeasurementsHard Probes: created early in the collision and propagate through the medium. Their interactions with the medium help characterize its properties

High Pt particles and jet fragmentationHeavy quarkonia (J/, ’, c and Upsilon (1s, 2s, 3s)Open charm and bottom

Electromagnetic Probes: direct information from the mediumLow-mass e+e- pairs and Thermal radiation

Polarized proton collisions:W-production at s1/2 = 500 GeV for sea quark flavor selection

Facility OperationSystematic species and energy scans This has proved crucial!

Balance of Running RHIC and investing in upgrades

Where Do We Stand Now?

Four Detectors Two Large Detectors

Machine Goals for Next Few Years:

•Enhanced Ion luminosity (112 bunches, * = 1m): 2x achievedAu – Au: 8 1026 cm-2 s-1 (100 GeV/nucleon)

•For protons: 2 1011 protons/bunch (no IBS): 6x achieved150 1030 cm-2 s-1; 70 % polarization (250 GeV)

Spin Program poised for definitive measurements:

EBIS Construction funded in FY 2006. Operational in 2010

Short-term detector upgrades underway

Significant funding from NASA

RHIC II Luminosity Upgrade with Electron Cooling

Gold collisions (100 GeV/n x 100 GeV/n): w/o e-cooling with e-coolingAve. store luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1] 8 70

Pol. Proton Collision (250 GeV x 250 GeV):Ave. store luminosity [1032 cm-2 s-1] 1.5 5.0

LinacRf Gun

Buncher Cavity

Cooling Solenoid (26 m, 2-5 T)

Debuncher Cavity

e-Beam Dump

Gold beam

R&D in Progress: proof-of-principle expected in 2006

A Long Term Strategic View

RHICRHIC II Construction

RHIC Spin

eRHIC Constr.

Short term upgrades

Midterm Upgrades

~20122008

Luminosity & Det. upgrade

E beam + new detector

LHC Heavy Ion

The Mid-Term Challenge

Extend the reach of the RHIC facility to address key questions in the coming 5-6 years…

Requires improved machine performance and significant running time

Requires enhanced capability for PHENIX and STAR

Complement the early results from LHC Heavy Ion running

Set the stage for RHIC II

Major Physics MeasurementsRequired Upgrades

Spin: Complete initial G/G measurement

No upgrades needed Transversity measurement

Forward particle measurement W measurements at 500 GeV

Forward tracking/triggering in PHENIX and STAR

Heavy Ion: e-pair mass spectrum

“Hadron Blind” Dalitz pair rejection Open charm measurements in AA

High Resolution vertex detection Charmonium Spectroscopy

High luminosity; precision vertex, particle ID Jet Tomography

High luminosity; High-rate DAQ; particle ID Monojet in d-Au

particle detection at forward rapidity

*DOE performance milestones set by NSAC

PM: 2010

PM: 2010

PM: 2012

PM: 2008

PM: 2013

e+ e -

e+ e -

S/B ~ 1/500

“combinatorial pairs”

total background

Irreducible charm backgroundall signal

charm signal

signal electron

Cherenkov blobs

partner positronneeded for rejection e+

e-

pair opening angle

Full scale prototype

Low-Mass e+e- PairsA Hadron-Blind detector for PHENIX

~ 1 m

Engineering run FY 06Operational FY 07

Flavor tagging at large PT

MRPC Time of Flight Barrel in STAR

Construction FY 06 – FY 08

23,000 channels covering TPC & Barrel Calorimeter

Significant contribution from China

Precision Vertex DetectorsDirect Observation of Charm and Beauty

PHENIX VTX:Barrel– 4 layers, Si pixels and strips

End Caps:4 layers Si mini-strips

STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker:2 layers CMOS Active Pixel sensors

Significant funding from Japan

Low-x Physics: Color Glass; gluon densityForward Upgrades .001 < x < 0.1 in Au-Au, d-Au

PHENIX: Nose Cone Calorimeter STAR: Forward Meson Spectrometer

W Physics Upgrades

STAR Forward Tracking Upgrade

Heavy Flavor Tracker

Inner Silicon Tracker

Forward Silicon Tracker

GEM layer on endcap

PHENIX Muon Trigger

Resistive Plate Chambers

Funded by NSF

FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012

High statistics Au Au; 500 GeV Spin Runs

Short-term upgrades: HBD, TOF, DAQ, FMS, Muon Trigger

Mid-Term Upgrades: Vtx detectors, NCC, forward tracking

RHIC II Construction

Machine and detector R&D; continued luminosity improvements

A timeline for physics operation, detector upgrades, machine evolution

LHC Heavy Ion Program

pp 200Ion Run?

Ion scanpp 200

d-Au 200pp 200/500

RHIC II

FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013

RHIC Mid-Term Strategic Plan

LHI

LP4

RHIC II CD-0 CD-1 CD-2 CD-3 CD-4

PHENIX + STAR

Hi Rate DAQ 1000

PIDHBD

TOF

VTX

Forward

FMSMu Trigger Nose Cone Calorimeter

EBIS

Heavy Ion Luminosity

SPIN F.O.M.

e-pair spectrum

Open Charm

Jet TomographyMono-Jet

U+U

PHENIX STAR

G/GTransversity and P-V W± prod.

PHENIX & STAR VTX upgrades

STAR forward tracking

Will there be a major New Detector for RHIC II?

This is not part of the mid-term plan

Plans are afoot for a dedicated new detector for eRHIC

It is very possible, even likely, that the “QCD Lab” will require a new detector to exploit HI collisions in the eRHIC era.

The Long Term Vision: RHIC as a QCD Laboratory

eRHIC: DIS at collider energiese-A at 63 GeV/uPolarized e-p at 100 GeVL ~ 1033 cm-2 sec-1

RHIC Spin: Strongly interacting probes

A-A: QGP physics at RHIC II luminosities

Realizing the Vision: Mid Term View

Phased implementation of key upgrades for PHENIX and STAR, plus EBIS, over the next 5-6 years.

Annual data runs during this period will exploit these upgrades for critical advances in the Heavy Ion and Spin physics programs— Along with continued improvements in machine performance.

With the help of funding and collaborative resources outside of DOE, this strategy appears possible within a “constant effort” budget scenario based on FY 05 levels.

Two large detectors well equipped for RHIC II physics

Fast-track RHIC II luminosity upgrade (e-cooling) along technically-driven schedule

Success will require a concerted effort to define and focus the science objectives