Rhetorical Patterns

Definitions

to which the concept belongs

Class

to be defined

Concept

that separate the concept from others in

the same group

Characteristics

= +

Language

system of communicatio

n

 that uses arbitrary signals

such as voice sounds, gestures,

or written symbols.

to which the concept belongs

Class

to be defined

Concept

that separate the concept from others in

the same group

Characteristics

= +

Language

system of communicatio

n

 that people normally use to offend others,

especially in voice chats

 that uses arbitrary signals

such as voice sounds, gestures,

or written symbols.

Signal Words for Definitions

• is

• is called, can be understood as

• means, has come to mean

• is defined as

• consists of

• is known as

• is not (used to show what a term does not mean)

Descriptions

to which the concept belongs

Class

to be defined

Concept

= that separate the concept from others in

the same group

Characteristics

+

Language

 uses arbitrary signals such as voice sounds, gestures, or

written symbols.

Description usually helps other rhetorical patterns

Signal Words for Descriptions

• Some characteristics are. . . • First • Second • Third • In the first place • Then • Next • Before • After • Finally • Following • A little later • To begin with. . . • To illustrate. . . • For instance. . . • Such as. . . • An example. . . • In addition. . .

Classifications

to which the concept belongs

Class

to be defined

Concept

that separate the concept from others in

the same group

Characteristics

= +Languag

e

Spoken

to analyze its constituent

parts

Class

Written Sign

classification identifies the members of a group according to a common criterion.

each type is further described, exemplified, and/or even subdivided into more categories.

Subject

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

Example/Description

Example/Description

Example/Description

Sub-type 1 Sub-type 2

Signal Words for Classification

• is divided

• is classified

• is split

• several kinds/types

• certain forms

• different groups

• separate categories

Oil painting brushes can be found in two types. They are BRISTLE BRUSHES, whose hairs are from pigs and SABLE BRUSHES, whose hairs are from sable. Bristle brushes are ideal in sizes an inch wide or larger and are used to begin a painting. Sable brushes are ideal in sizes one half inch in width or smaller, so they are better for details.

Comparison &

Contrast

Comparison & Contrast distinguishes the similarit ies and/or diff erences between two subjects being compared.

Item 1 Item 2

Similarity or difference Similarity or difference

Similarity or difference Similarity or difference

Signal words for Comparisons Signal words for contrast

* the same, identical * differs from, differs by, * similar, similarly, a similarity * a difference * alike, like, likewise * contrasts with, in contrast* both * on the other hand, on the* not only…but also contrary

* however, although, but, * while, instead, rather

Unlike Michelangelo, Da Vinciwas mainly an engineer, and painted on the side (by choice). He painted oils. Michelangelo,on the other hand, was mainly a marble sculptor by trade and was forced to paint the Sistine Chapel. He painted frescoes. They both had difficult personalities. However, Michelangelo only created, while Da Vinci also designed weapons, so he also destroyed.

Cause & Effect

Cause & Effect explains something in terms of what or where it comes from and/or what it leads—or might lead—to.

Signal Words for Cause and Effect• causes • creates • leads to• allows for • makes (or made) • the effects are • depends on• are due to• as a consequence• because• is the result/reason of

Nearly two out of three bankruptcies have been caused by medical bills, and even people with health insurance face financial disaster if they experience a serious illness, A study, published in The American Journal of Medicine, state that in 2007, medical problems led to 62.1 percent of all bankruptcies.