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RFID in BriefRFID in BriefPrepared by
Zahir B. Malik
BarcodingBarcoding
BiometricsBiometricsVoiceVoice
RecognitionRecognition
RFIDRFID
ElectronicElectronicSignaturesSignatures
A system that allows an object or person to declare its unique identity
What is RFID?What is RFID?
A form of Auto Identification Technologies
What are The Components of anRFID System
Reader
Antenna
RF Field
Computer
Source: Symbol Technology
RFID Tag/Label
What is RFID?
Stands for Radio Frequency Identification
Uses radio waves for identification
New frontier in the field of information technology
One form of Automatic Identification
Provides unique identification or serial number of an
object (pallets, cases, items, animals, document,
human)
The RFID tag is made up of several parts:The RFID tag is made up of several parts:
A microchip that stores data and A microchip that stores data and modulates and demodulates analog radio modulates and demodulates analog radio waveswaves
An antenna that gathers RF energy from An antenna that gathers RF energy from a reader and reflects back a signala reader and reflects back a signal
A protective layer that can be used to A protective layer that can be used to create a label or other type of create a label or other type of transpondertransponder
The RFID Tag ComponentsThe RFID Tag Components
The reader emits radio wavesThe reader emits radio waves The tag coverts the radio waves into The tag coverts the radio waves into
electricity to power up the microchip electricity to power up the microchip
The microchip modulates and The microchip modulates and demodulates the antenna and sends demodulates the antenna and sends backs long and short waves or waves of backs long and short waves or waves of different amplitudedifferent amplitude
The reader converts these waves into a The reader converts these waves into a string of ones and zerosstring of ones and zeros
A computer turns the ones and zeros into A computer turns the ones and zeros into digital informationdigital information
How it works ?
RFID’s Unique Capabilities
No “line of sight” required to read tags
Simultaneous communication with multiple tags
Each Item is unique; prevents double counting
Bulk reading capability
Can store information directly on tags
High memory capacity
Long read ranges
Performance not limited by harsh environments versus bar codes
Typical RFID Applications
Production Control & Supply chain
Access ControlAsset Protection/Tracking
Sea & Land AnimalTracking
Vehicle Identification/Tracking
Electronic ArticleSurveillance
Three Basic Types
Active Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry Tag transmits radio signal High Read Range (300 feet)
Active Backscatter Battery powered memory and circuitry Tag reflects radio signal from reader Medium Read Range (10 - 50 feet)
Passive Backscatter Reader powered Tag reflects radio signal from reader Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)
Tag Types
Memory Size (16 bits - 512KBytes +) Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam
Arbitration (Anti-collision) Ability to read/write one or
many tags at a time
Frequency 125KHz - 5.8 GHz
Physical Dimensions Thumbnail to Brick sizes
Price ($0.50 to $250)
RFID Tags
Tag is a device used to transmit information such as a serial number to the reader in a contact less manner
Classified as : Passive – energy from reader Active - battery Semi-passive – battery and energy from reader
RFID Frequency rangeFrequency BandFrequency Band DescriptionDescription
< 135 KHz< 135 KHz Low frequencyLow frequency
6.765 – 6.795 MHz6.765 – 6.795 MHz HFHF
7.4 – 8.8 MHz7.4 – 8.8 MHz HFHF
13.553 – 13.567 MHz13.553 – 13.567 MHz HFHF
26.957 – 27. 283 MHz26.957 – 27. 283 MHz HFHF
433 MHz433 MHz UHFUHF
868 – 870 MHz868 – 870 MHz UHFUHF
902 – 928 MHz902 – 928 MHz UHFUHF
2.4 – 2.483 GHz2.4 – 2.483 GHz SHFSHF
5.725 – 5.875 GHz5.725 – 5.875 GHz SHFSHF
RFID Frequencies
Inductive magnetic field coupling 125 kHz
Access control Animal identification
13.56 MHz Smart cards Access control
Electromagnetic field coupling (UHF & microwave) 433MHz & 862-928 MHz
Toll collection systems Railroad car monitoring
2.45 GHz Item management
5.8 GHz European tolls
History
-The EPCglobal Network basis was developed by the The EPCglobal Network basis was developed by the Auto-ID Center, an academic research project at MIT Auto-ID Center, an academic research project at MIT ( began in 1999)supported by members and industry ( began in 1999)supported by members and industry grants. grants.
-Auto-ID Center closed in 2003, transferring its -Auto-ID Center closed in 2003, transferring its technology rights to EPCglobal.technology rights to EPCglobal.
-EPCglobal is a joint venture between EAN International -EPCglobal is a joint venture between EAN International and the Uniform Code Council. UPC/UCC/EAN family of and the Uniform Code Council. UPC/UCC/EAN family of barcodes are known as the Global Trade Item Number, barcodes are known as the Global Trade Item Number, a worldwide system of supply chain identification. The a worldwide system of supply chain identification. The basic UPC barcode extends to include country, basic UPC barcode extends to include country, classification and product information.classification and product information.
EPC Code Structure
HeaderHeader: identifies the EPC version : identifies the EPC version number – allows for different number – allows for different lengths or types of EPC: lengths or types of EPC: Type I, Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV.Type II, Type III, Type IV.
EPC ManagerEPC Manager: the manufacturer of : the manufacturer of the product the EPC is attached the product the EPC is attached to: ex. to: ex. Coca ColaCoca Cola
Object ClassObject Class: exact type of : exact type of product, most often the SKU product, most often the SKU (Stock Keeping Unit): ex. (Stock Keeping Unit): ex. Diet Diet Coke US VersionCoke US Version
Serial NumberSerial Number: unique to the item : unique to the item tells tells exactly which Diet Cokeexactly which Diet Coke
TI EPC Bootcamp
ThanksThanks
Zahir B. Malik