RF Components and SystemsRF Components and Systems

Prof Girish KumarProf. Girish KumarElectrical Engineering Department

IIT BombayIIT Bombay

gkumar@ee iitb ac ingkumar@ee.iitb.ac.in (022) 2576 7436

RF Communication SystemsyModulating

signalTransmitter

Carrier

Modulator AmplifierImpedance matching network

signal

Receiver

RFAmplifier

MixerIF filter

and Amplifier

Demodulator

Display device/ speakerp

LO

RF Components and Systemsy

Amplifier Power Combiner /Divider

Antenna

A

Radar

R di ti Shi ldAttenuator

Coupler

Radiation Shield

Repeater

Filter Signal Enhancer

S li / TMobile Phone Jammer Splitter / Tapper

Amplifier

Low Noise Amplifierp

Medium Power Amplifier

High Power Amplifier

Antenna

MonopoleMonopoleDipoleLoopLoopYagi-UdaLog-PeriodicHelicalHornMicrostrip (Patch)Reflector

Narrow Band Antenna

Frequency Bands: 824-894, 890-960, 1710 1880 1880 19301710-1880, 1880-1930,2400-2500 (MHz)

Gain (dB): 2, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 18

VSWR: 2 (Max)VSWR: 2 (Max)

Polarization: Vertical,Dual Polarization

Connector: SMA, N-TypeConnector: SMA, N Type

GSM Antenna 8dB Gain

Smith Chart VSWR Plot Radiation Pattern

Broad Band Antenna

Frequency Bands: 800-8000 (MHz)q y ( )

Gain (dB): 2( )

VSWR: 2 (Max)

Polarization: Vertical

Connector: SMA, N-Type

Attenuator

Frequency Bands: Narrow BandBroadband DC-2500 (MHz)

I/P VSWR: 1.2 (Max)O/P VSWR 1 2 (M )O/P VSWR: 1.2 (Max)Connector: SMA, N-TypeFi d Att tFixed Attenuator:

Attenuation (dB): 3, 6, 10, 15, 20, 30Power Handling (W): 0.5 1 5 20 50 100

Variable Attenuator:Attenuation (dB): 3 to 30 Power Handling (W): 0.5 g ( )

Coupler

Frequency Bands (MHz): 824-894, 890-960, 1710-1880, q y ( ) , , ,1880-1930, 2400-2500 Insertion Loss (dB Max): 0.3I/P VSWR 1 2 (M )I/P VSWR: 1.2 (Max)O/P VSWR: 1.2 (Max)Power Handling (Watt): 5 20 100Power Handling (Watt): 5, 20, 100Connector: SMA, N-TypeCoupling:

7dB, 10dB, 15 dB - Directivity (dB min): 20

25dB - Directivity (dB min): 1530dB, 35dB - Directivity (dB min): 10

Power Divider/Combiner

2 – Way

3 – Way

4 – Wayy

Mobile Phone Jammer / SilencerMobile Phone Jammer generates larger noise than the signal strength in that location.than the signal strength in that location.

Power – Low, medium and high* Low Power – small range* High Power – large range

APPLICATIONSColleges, Meeting/Seminar Rooms, Prison, Religious Places, VIP movement, Court, Theater, etc.

Signal Enhancer / RepeatergSignal Enhancer amplifies the weak signal present in that areain that area

Single or Multi – BandGain and Power – Low, medium and highGain and Power Low, medium and highOmni or Directional

APPLICATIONSRoom, Hall, Open Space, Vehicle, Lift, Garage, P ki L tParking Lot

GPS and GSM ModulesGlobal Positioning System (GPS) receiver modules - give the location of the carrier and time. Track GPS satellites using

1circularly polarized antenna at 1575 MHz.

GPS Data can be stored in a memory and retrieved later.

Data can be transmitted using GSM module at a predefined interval or on demand.

D t b t itt d i t i t ifi dData can be transmitted using transceivers at specified frequency.

Hand Held, Locket or Vehicle mounted.,

APPLICATIONSVehicle Tracking, People Tracking, Location Identification

RF TransceiverRF Transmitter, Receiver and Transceiver

Data can be transmitted using specified Frequency - WPC- 433 MHz, 866 MHz, 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz- Data Rate, Bandwidth ,

Data modulation / demodulation, Secure comm., data compression, error correctioncompression, error correction

APPLICATIONSSecurity Alarm Distress MessagingSecurity, Alarm, Distress Messaging,

RFID

RFID – Radio Frequency Identification

Active and Passive Tags, Reader

St d d F WPCStandard Frequency - WPC- 125 KHz, 13.56 MHz, 866 MHz, 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz

APPLICATIONSRetail, Library Management, Vehicle License Plate, e-passport Product Tracking Electronic Toll Collectionpassport, Product Tracking, Electronic Toll Collection,

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)gGPR is used for forensics, landmine detection buriedlandmine detection, buried objects

Reflected amplitude & phaseReflected amplitude & phase data are captured for reconstruction of images for underground objects.g j

Depth of penetration depends on transmitted power and frequency.

24 GHz Radar Systemy

24 GHz Radar System24 GHz Radar System-To measure speed of the vehicle(1 Km to 20 Km)T l th f th hi l-To measure length of the vehicle(0.1 m to 10’s of meters)

Extremely Sensitive – can detect even hand movement

High Power Microwaveg

Microwave Heating ApplicationsMicrowave Heating Applications- Cooking, Drying, Food-processing- Hyperthermia

Communication Range is increased

Microwave Bomb

Microwave WeaponMicrowave Weapon

CONCLUSIONS

RF Technology is rapidly changing.

Requirement for innovative thinking to meet the demands and challengesmeet the demands and challenges.

Design is the key thing.

Any Questions ??