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Phys. Constantin HUANU

PhD thesis abstract

Contributions to the Applications of MultimediaSystems in Distance Education

Scientific coordinator:PhD Prof. eng. Aurel VLAICU

2007


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Contributions to the Applications of Multimedia Systems in Distance Education

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Contents:

Cap.1 Distance education1.1 Introduction in distance education (DE)

The professor- tutor- student relationshipThe role of an educational organization

Using advanced technologiesBoth-ways communication between student and professor/tutor

1.1.1 Distance education (DE) concept theories and approachDistance education; open distance learning

1.1.2 Present tendencies in DE using: e-Learning and m-Learning1.2 e-Learning versus m-Learning: Advantages and disadvantages

1.2.1. DE resources1.2.2. The advantages of DE using e-Learning and m-Learning1.2.3. Disadvantages of e-Learning and m-Learning in DE1.2.4. The effects of applying new technologies in DE

Cap.2 Actual technologies and architectures in distance education2.1 Educational architectures used in DE

2.1.1. Objectives of distance education2.1.2. Users group structure in distance education system2.1.3. e-Learning systems architecture2.1.4. m-Learning systems architecture2.1.5. Existent open-source e-Learning media

e-Learning, open-source and GPLClarolinedotLRNUni Open PlatformOther platformsConclusions

2.1.6. Existent m-Learning media2.2 DE resources

Designing the database2.2.1. Local m-Learning applicationsApplications aimed to develop the educational materials content

2.2.2. Tutorials. The structure of a tutorial2.2.3. Media supports created by association of different educational technologies2.2.4. The role and attributions of teachers in DE2.2.5. The role and attributions of tutors in DE

Model 1: The single-tutor programModel 2: The program tutor, group tutors and subject specialistsModel 3: The program tutor and subject specialists

2.2.6. The role and attributions of students in DE2.3 Communication networks used in DE

2.3.1. Multimedia applications used for cooperation work: whiteboard

2.3.2. Netwoks used for e-Learning systemsMagisterial topology bus or linearStar topologyRing topologyIrregular topologyComplete topology (net type)LAN architectures

2.4 Data security in computer networks2.4.1. Informatics technologies vulnerabilities2.4.2. Attack types directed towards informatics systems data

Local attacks


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Distance attacksAttack and response levels

2.4.3. Security approachThe approach of the data security issue in a computer networkSecurity mechanismsUsing formal methods for securing data in a computer networkMethodology of software security checkingMethodology of computer networks checking

The importance of informatics security2.4.4. Security technologies

1) Monitor model2) Graham-Denning model3) Clark-Wilson model4) Chinese- Wall modelFirewall. FundamentalsProxy services

2.4.5. Vulnerability scannersScanner typesIntrusion detectorsVirus detection

Cap.3 Electronic platforms for e-Learning3.1. Hardware/software requirements specific to an e-Learning system

3.1.1. e-Learning contribution to the continuous improvement of the services offered byuniversities

3.1.2. Multimedia workstations3.1.3. Hardware equipment requirements for the e-Learning evaluator3.1.4. Hardware equipment requirements for the e-Learning beneficiary3.1.5. Networks used in e-Learning systems

3.2 Software applications designed for e-Learning system3.2.1. Applications used in the elaboration and development of study materials designed for

e-Learning systemsEvaluation criteriaArchitecture evaluationJ2EE choiceJ2EE definitory attributes.NET approach.NET definitory attributesApplications for web sites creationEvaluation and testing applicationsMultimedia materials editing applicationsCommunication multimedia applicationsStudent management systemEconomy control system

3.2.2. The management of educational activities3.2.3. The management of beneficiary-specific e-Learning activities

Quality management and management qualityManagement evaluationObjectives evaluationResults evaluationEvaluation typesQuality of evaluation

3.2.4. General functionalities of e-Learning platformsIBM Lotus Learning Management System Solution

3.3 Personal contributions to the development of integrated e-Learning platforms3.3.1. Integrated evaluation environment IeL

The homepage of IeL communication environment


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Connecting to the databaseAdministratorUser accountsAvailable disciplinesOngoing disciplinesMessagesForumNews

Changing the administrator accountTeacherStudent statisticsData contentAgendaTestingTutorStudentDisciplinesAccomplished disciplinesInstruments

Cap. 4 Electronic platforms for m-Learning4.1 Hardware and software requirements for m-Learning systems

4.1.1. Instruments for m-Learning platforms access and the distribution of applicationsW-LAN card, Access Point, Hot SpotWiMAXOther REALVIZ programs

4.1.2. e-books for PDA4.1.3. Tutorials for PDA

4.2 Personal contributions to m-Learning communications4.2.1. CmL-plus. An m-Learning communication platform4.2.2. Rights and access levels

The courses moduleTutorials namingControl panel

4.2.3. Tutor/student synchronous communication using CmL-plusConclusions

Cap.5 Conclusions and perpectives5.1 Development directions of computer-assisted instruction by using e-Learning platforms5.2 General conclusions regarding m-Learning platforms use5.3 Conclusions regarding IeL platform5.4 Conclusions regarding CmL-plus platform5.5 Perspectives in CmL-plus using and development

Bibliography


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Considering the dynamic character of Web instruction systems development, we can identify atleast two classes of alternative approach types by analyzing the technologies promoted byimportant software companies:

a. e-Learning technologies;b. m-Learning technologies.

The first category includes technologies that are created especially for the development ofinstruction systems designed for students who can access static IT tools connected to the Internet,while the second deals with advanced technologies for creating Web applications designed forstudents who can access the Internet through wireless mobile devices, these advancedtechnologies being also available for the Web instruction systems specific to the first category.

Instant access to information from anywhere on the globe started to change profoundly theeducational process. Distance education is, probably, the most affected of all education types. Thechance to offer materials to the students using the Internet was rapidly exploited. A great numberof web sites containing classes, multiple-choice questions, solved problems and so on wereimmediately created. These methods enjoyed great success because they offered to both studentsand teachers a flexibility and an efficiency that were hard to imagine in the conventional educationsystem. Being a new and permanently expanding domain, the Internet is not yet used at its realcapacity.

This doctoral thesis approaches the aspect of using certain technologies to develop e-Learningand especially m-Learning systems, such as: testing and self-testing of students using IeLplatform, designing an integrated m-Learning application, designing and developing databasesystems for CmL-plus m-Learning platform, designing and developing communication applicationsunder CmL and CmL-plus platforms.

Chapter 1 presents a detailed analysis regarding the DE domain. We present different e-Learning systems with their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss present tendencies inapplying and developing e-Learning and m-Learning systems.

Chapter 2deals with e-Learning systems architecture, referring directly to the activities of theparticipants and to the processes that are directly involved in a DE system, as well as to the

existing e-Learning models and the equipment that is currently used. We also present someexamples of architecture that are used in both e-Learning and m-Learning systems. Severalparagraphs of this chapter are reserved for picturing the software application types designed forDE. The particularities of DE specific activities are also analyzed, underlining the means oftelecommunication between the partners that are involved in DE. This classification and descriptionis extended in chapters 3 and 4.

My personal contribution to this chapter consists of a original, documented and critical studyconcerning the main electronic platforms and multimedia applications designed for DE in Romaniaand worldwide.

Chapter 3 presents the software and hardware requirements for the DE user and the DEprovider. It shows the characteristics of multimedia systems and the aspects related to the digitalrepresentation of the different type of multimedia data that can be introduced in different academic

environments. We also present the management of DE-specific activities, as well as thefunctionalities of e-Learning platforms, underlining the characteristics of IeL COM platform.My personal contribution to this chapter consists of the elaboration of the structure of this

electronic platform, as well as of defining the relationships and functionalities of every module in itsstructure.

Chapter 4 presents the results obtained in the field of the development of data storageapplications (tutorials) and synchronous (chat) and asynchronous (e-mail and forum)communication designed for m-Learning sub domain. The category of multimedia applicationsdesigned for team work is the most frequently used communication form in DE communication


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environments. Among these, the great majority of DE communication systems use onlinediscussion applications (chat).

In this chapter we also include a short presentation of the history of database systemsdevelopment, along with the description of the development cycle of a software application thatallows the role and place of the database to be defined within a m-Learning application. Wepresent the tools used to access m-Learning platforms, as well as the tools used in the access anddistribution of m-Learning applications. The description of the structure and functionalities of the m-Learning platform CmL-plus is highly underlined, representing the most significant personal

contribution within this thesis.

Chapter 5 presents CmL-plus, a platform aimed to extend DE facilities in the m-Learningdirection by adding a plus of flexibility to the instruction system, so that the persons involved in thisprocess can communicate by all currently existing means.

The chat option is available only to participants that use PDA devices with Windows Mobile 5or 6 operation system installed or with special software programs that allow Java Scriptapplications. PDA devices that have Windows Mobile 3 installed give the users access only to e-mail, evaluation tests and message posting.

CmL-plus platform may be improved, as regards data management, by modifying thedatabase structure, and also as regards adding of new facilities such as multiple-choice questionswith immediate feed-back, a personal agenda that can be personalized for a certain user or atarget-group, or a whiteboard module. We have to mention that any of these applications requiresthat the beneficiary of the DE activity possesses a last generation PDA device or mobile phone.Currently, this request generates two major inconveniences:

Significant financial efforts to acquire such terminals, this meaning important expensesof the DE instruction activity for the student;

The exclusion of potential students that have older terminals or insufficient means to buya terminal that is compatible with the new applications previously mentioned.

For these reasons, the upgrade perspectives of the CmL-plus platform are seriously limited ifit is intended to become of a real help for DE students.

A potential way of developing a PDA application that is somehow related to DE would be tocreate a software package designed for virtual tours. This field has started to develop a few yearsago, the products being addressed to PC users only. Considering the fact that the panoramic viewsincluded in these applications show the interiors of art museums, or outstanding landscapes indifferent geographic locations, one of the essential requirements is a high resolution display.However, taking into account the current trend of taking digital photos using the camera that equipsmost of modern cell phones, we can expect during the next few years the development of someQTVR-type applications for PDA devices and mobile telecommunications terminals. This type ofapplications, stored on an m-Learning platform such as CmL-plus or other DE specific similarproducts, can be used in the documentation activities of the students from architecture orarcheology faculties, and even of the photo art lovers.

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