Lacy  ReynaThe  Field  Museum

� 3  Paraphyletic  Lines1. Marchantiophyta(Liverworts)2. Antotherotophyta(Hornworts)3. Bryophyta (Mosses)

� Second  largest  group  of  plants  under  flowering  plants� Currently  understood  as  the  first  diverging  lineage  of  embryophytes

Image  obtained  from:  www.wisegeek.orgImage  obtained  from:  kingdomplantae.blogspot.comImage  obtained  from:  www.southernbiological.com

Ecosystem  Services

CO2 exchange

Plant  succession

Nutrient  cycling

Water  retention

Microhabitats  for  other  organisms

Used  as  environmental  indicators

Image  obtained  from:  www.buildingthepride.com

� Bryophytes  of  Illinois by  Bill  McKnight,  1987� Literature  based  � Constrained  � Little  work  done  since

� Current  digitization  � Update  checklist� ~75  institutions

1. Make  use  of  both  literature  and  collections2. Update  checklist3. Uncover  unpublished  species  in  collections4. Highlight  potentially  locally  extinct/novel  species5. Utility  of  online  databases/digitization  of  records

� Compiled  and  Compared  Lists  from  3  lines  of  data� Bryophytes  of  Illinois:  72  species  total� Bryophyte  portal/collections  data:  258  species  total� Intern  collection  data:  116  species  total

� Removed  duplicates� Organized  species  by  collection  date

Compiled  species  from  each  line  of  data

Confirmed  dates  using  portal  information

No  specific  collection  date

Temporal  Distribution

Amblystegium fluviatile

Amblystegium fluviatile var.  fluviatile

Amblystegium fluviatile var.  noterophilum

Amblystegium irriguum var.  spinifolium

Amblystegium juratzkanum

Amblystegium kochii

Amblystegium orthocladon

Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus

Campylium stellatum

Cratoneuron filicinum

Drepanocladus fluitans

Drepanocladus pseudofluitans

Hygroamblystegium fluviatile

Hypnum aduncum

Hypnum fluviatile

Leptodictyum trichopodium

Leptodictyum trichopodium var.  kochii

Anomodon obtusifolius

Aulacomnium palustre var.  polycephalum

Bartramia pomiformis

Bartramia pomiformis var.  pomiformis

Philonotis marchica

Brachythecium collinum

Brachythecium digastrum

Brachythecium laetum

Brachythecium mildeanum

Brachythecium serrulatum

Bryhnia graminicolor

Chamberlainia digastra

Chamberlainia oxycladon

Chamberlainia salebrosa

Eurhynchium serrulatum

Kindbergia praelonga

Rhynchostegium serrulatum

Steerecleus serrulatus

Bryum argenteum var.  lanatum

Bryum creberrimum

Bryum intermedium

Bryum lisae

Bryum pendulum

Bryum pseudotriquet rum

Bryum turbinatum

Bryum angustirete

Leptobryum pyriforme

Rhodobryum roseum

Webera albicans

Webera nutans

Anisothecium varium

Orthodicranum flagellare

Ceratodon purpureus var.  aristatus

Ditrichum pusillum

Pleuridium alternifolium

Pleuridium subulatum

Trichostomum pallidum

Eucalypta procera

Cylindrothecium seductrix

Ephemerum cohaerens

Conomitrium julianum

Fissidens bryoides var.  incurvus

Fissidens julianus

Fissidens minutulus

Frullania riparia

Funaria hygrometrica var.  muralis

Helodium paludosum

Amblystegium adnatum

Pylaisia intricata

Taxiphyllum deplanatum

Leucodon julaceus

Mnium affine

Mnium lycopodioides

Mnium marginatum

Orthotrichum pumilum

Orthotrichum schimperi

Orthotrichum strangulatum

� 158  Species� Bryophytes  of  IL and  Portal

� Have  not  been  collected  since  

� Potentially  locally  extinct  � Climate  change� Urbanization� Novel  species  out-­‐competed

� Under  collection

Not  a  complete  list  

� 26  species� Portal  and  Intern  Collections

� Only  documented  after  1987

� Potentially  locally  novel  species� Climate  change� Human  introduction� Simply  undercollected

Calliergon cordifolium

Bryhnia novae-­‐angliae

Fissidens exilis

Hypnum pallescens

Mniumpseudopunctatum

Plagiomnium ciliare

Chiloscyphus pallescens

Scapania nemorea

Amblystegium Schimp

Atrichum undulatumvar.  oerstedianum

Bryumpseudotriquetrum

Ditrichum ambiguum

Ditrichum pusillum

Fissidens osmundoides

Fissidens polypodioides

Grimmia rivularis

Haplocladiumvirginianum

Hypnum fertile

Hypnum imponens

Hypnum lindbergii

Oncophoruswahlenbergii

Plagiotheciumcavifolium

Rhynchostegiumserrulatum

Thelia lescurii

Tortella inclinata

Tortella tortuosa

A  complete  list

Annual Mean Chicago Area Precipitation (blue line) and Temperature (orange line). Data obtained from National Weather Service records, 1873-2013.

1. Bryophyte  species  shift� Numerous  explanations  (climate  change,  introduction,  undercollection,  etc.)

� Negative  implications� Provide  habitats  for  specific  organisms� Function  to  maintain  environmental  health  

2. Importance  of  collections� Added  source

� Faults  with  literature� Faults  with  collections� Digitization  provides  access

We  are  grateful  to  the  following  institutions   for  which  we  had  access  to  occurence data  through  the  Consortium  of  North  American  Lichen  Herbaria  (2015):  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Drexel  University;  Bell  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  University  of  Minnesota;  Boise  State  University  Lichen  Herbarium;  Botanical  Research  Institute  of  Texas;  Brigham  Young  University;  California  Academy  of  Sciences;  Canadian  Museum  of  Nature  Herbarium;  Chrysler  Herbarium  of  Rutgers  University;    Cryptogamic Herbarium,  Michigan  Technological  University;  Duke  University  Herbarium;  Evergreen  Natural  History  Museum;    Fairchild  Tropical  Botanic  Garden  Herbarium;  Farlow Herbarium;  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History;  George  Safford  Torrey  Herbarium;  Illinois  Natural  History  Survey;  Indiana  University  Herbarium;  Intermountain  Herbarium;  Louis-­‐Marie  Herbarium,  Université Laval;  Louisiana  State  University;  Luther  College;  Margaret  H.  FulfordHerbarium  at  the  University  of  Cincinnati;  Michael  I.  Cousens Herbarium,  University  of  West  Florida;  Michigan  State  University;  Missouri  Botanical  Garden;    Morton  Arboretum;  Museum  of  Southwestern  Biology,   University  of  New  Mexico;  New  England  Botanical  Club;  New  York  Botanical  Garden;  New  York  State  Museum;  North  Dakota  State  University  Herbarium;  Oregon  State  University  Herbarium;  Pacific  Northwest  Herbarium,  Western  Washington  University;  Patricia  Ledlie Herbarium;  Pittsburg  State  University;  Pringle  Herbarium;  Robert  W.  Freckmann Herbarium  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  Stevens  Point;  Société Québécoise  de  Bryologie;  Southern  Illinois   University  Herbarium;  State  University  of  New  York  – Binghamton;  The  University  of  Arizona  Herbarium;  Towson  University  Biodiversity  Center;  United  States  National  Herbarium  – Smithsonian;   University  Herbarium,  University  of  California,  Berkeley;  University  of  Alaska  Museum  of  the  North  Herbarium;  University  of  ArkanasasHerbarium;  University  of  Central  Florida  Herbarium;  University  of  Colorado,  Museum  of  Natural  History;  University  of  Florida  Herbarium;  University  of  Illinois  Herbarium;  University  of  Maine  Herbaria;  University  of  Michigan  Herbarium;  University  of  Nebraska  Kearney;  University  of  Nebraska  State  Museum,  C.E.  BesseyHerbarium;  University  of  New  Hampshire;  University  of  North  Alabama;  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Asheville;  University  of  North  Carolina  Herbarium;  University  of  Richmond  Herbarium;  University  of  South  Florida  Herbarium;  University  of  Tennessee  Herbarium;  University  of  Washington  Herbarium;  University  of  Wisconsin  -­‐Eau  Claire;  University  of  Wisconsin  – Madison;  University  of  Wyoming  Rocky  Mountain  Herbarium;  Valdosta  State  University;  Wesley  E.  Niles  Herbarium,  University  of  Nevada,  Las  Vegas;  West  Virginia  University  Herbarium;  Willard  Sherman  Turrell Herbarium,  Miami  University;  Yale  University  Herbarium,  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural  History;  General  Observation  and  Personal  Collections.  Many  thanks  to  NSF  ADBC  1115116.  Speacial thanks  to  Dr.  Tom  Campbell,  Anthony  Flores,  and  Maha Khan,  who  graciously  shared  their  Cook  County  collections  data  from  the  summer  of  2015.