Revolutions1350 – 1900

What is a “revolution”? A radical or drastic change, specifically

focusing on society, technology or individuals.

Revolutions take the shape of many forms, such as events, thoughts, beliefs, processes, images, ideas and transformations…

Revolutions, or changes, happen frequently to adapt with the new times or just out of necessity.

Format for your “Revolution” notes…

Name of “revolution”

When? Where? Why? Lasting impact? Interesting aspects?

Revolutions1350 – 1900

•Renaissance (1350 – 1600)•Commercial Revolution (1400 –

1550)•English Civil War (1640 – 1660)

•Enlightenment (1700’s)•American Revolution (1763 –

1783)•French Revolution (1789)

•Napoleon Bonaparte (1799 – 1815)

•Industrial Revolution (1800’s)•Latin American Revolutions

(1800’s)•Imperialism (1870 – 1900)

Renaissance

When? 1350 – 1600 Where?

Europe (origins in Italy)

Why? Encouraged new ideas and a better lifestyle

Lasting influence? Basis for modern world art, literature, science, religion and exploration Interesting aspects?

Printing press, new discoveries and influences in Americas (P/S/E/F/N)

Arts and Architecture

Who were the greatest talents of the Renaissance?

Famous artists of the Renaissance…

LEONARDOLeonardo da Vinci

1452 - 1519

Sculptor

Artist

Inventor

Engineer

Military designer

Scientist

Surgeon

Dreamer!Doer! Carpe diem!…the true Renaissance man!

http://library.thinkquest.org/13681/data/link2.htm

DONATELLODonato di Niccolò

di Betto Bardi 1386 - 1466

Sculptor of “life-size” subjects

Influences based on Greek and Roman classical images and designs

RAPHEALRapheal Sanzio

1483 - 1520

PainterCombined Christian

and Classical images

MICHELANGELOMichelangelo

Buonarroti1475 – 1564

SculptorPainter

http://www.christusrex.org/www1/sistine/

   ”Iron rusts from disuse; stagnant water loses its

purity and in cold weather becomes

frozen;   even so does inaction sap the vigor of the mind.”

                                                                                                 

               Leonardo

”I saw the angel in the marble

and carved until I set him free.”    

                                                                                                          

         Michelangelo

Literature

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

Greatest literary figure

Dramas, comedies, tragedies

Entertainment and

enlightenment of society

Reformation

MARTIN LUTHER

Creation of Protestant Churches

Challenged status quo of church traditions and behavior

Simple messages of the Bible

Scientific Discovery

SIR ISAAC NEWTON

Scientific discovery and knowledge using the scientific method

Inquiry into the unknown and known to gain further understanding of the world at large

Discovery

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

Explorations and discoveries sparked and created an international (global) mentality

His curiosity led to exploration, discovery, colonization, assimilation and destruction

Commercial Revolution

When?

1400 – 1500

Where?

Europe (Origins in the

Netherlands)

Why?

Nations needed money; Dutch and Jews become money-lenders

Lasting impact?

Modern-day banking; money lending procedures

Interesting aspects?

Dutch/Jewish stereotype; greed; prejudice

“…money makes the world go ‘round!”

English Civil War

When?

1640 – 1660

Where?

England

Why?

Monarchy neglects the common people; revolt

Lasting impact?

Hatred for the monarchy; development of democracy

Interesting aspects?

Oliver Cromwell; “People’s Army and Government”

Enlightenment

When?

1700’s

Where?

Europe (origins in Paris, France)

Why?

Use “reason” to understand the truth; optimism always creates progress in society

Lasting impact?

Montesquieu – 3 branches of government; checks and balances

Voltaire – freedom of speech

Rousseau – majority rule; “natural man”

Interesting aspects?

Philosophies; “salons”; encyclopedia

American Revolution

When?

1763 – 1783

Where?

British Colonial America (13 Colonies)

Why?

To gain fair representation in society; eventual independence, “stubborn parent, rebellious teenager”

Lasting impact?

USA; new democratic nation

Interesting aspects?

1st successful revolution in all of world history to form a new nation

French Revolution

When?

1789 – mid-1790’s

Where?

Paris, France

Why?

Enlightenment encourages political and social reforms; exploitation of 3rd Estate; inevitable violence; follows lead and ideals of American Revolution

Lasting impact?

Oppression of the poor leads to complete reforms in society

Interesting aspects?

1st Estate – church

2nd Estate – monarchy/nobles

3rd Estate - poor

“…the incident at the Bastille…”

Napoleon Bonaparte

When?

1799 – 1815

Where?

France

Why?

French domination of Europe

Lasting impact?

European nations unite against a common foe; “balance of power”; Congress of Vienna

Interesting aspects?

1st dictator and emperor of France; foundation for future dictatorship

Industrial Revolution

When?

1800’s

Where?

Worldwide

Why?

Advances in technology; inventions and innovations

Lasting impact?

Factory production; new production methods; improved living conditions; monopolies; reform movements

Interesting aspects?

Science; medicine; population; education; culture

Latin American Revolutions

When?

1800’s

Where?

Central and South America

Why?

Independence; freedom; new rights provide equal opportunities for everyone in society

Lasting impact?

New Latin American nations

Interesting aspects?

Latin American nations

followed the lead of

the American Revolution

Imperialism

When?

1870 – 1900

Where?

Worldwide

Why?

Empire building; “colonialism”

Lasting impact?

World leaders emerge – USA, England, Japan and Germany

Interesting aspects?

Lead to eventual “superpowers” of the 20th Century and beyond

Revolutions

1350 – 1900