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Lexington/ConcordLexington/Concord• “Shot heard around the world”• When: April 18-19 1775• Where: Massachusetts• People: Thomas Gage (British)
– William Dawes (American)– Paul Revere (American)– John Parker (American)
• What: The first battles between colonial militia and British regulars.
• COLONIAL VICTORY
Lexington/Concord SignificanceLexington/Concord Significance
• Colonists were able to defeat highly trained and well supplied British regulars.
• Helped colonists believe that they could defeat the British and made the British realize it would not be as simple as they first believed.
Breed’s/Bunker HillBreed’s/Bunker Hill• When: June 17, 1775
• Where: Charleston Neck, North of Boston
• People: Thomas Gage (British)– William Howe (British)– Israel Putnam (American)– Artemas Ward (American)
• What: A British victory at a very high cost as they incurred 44% casualties to the colonists’ 29%.
• British/Colonial Victory
SignificanceSignificance
• Although the British won the battle, their fear was confirmed that the colonists were dedicated to their cause and would not give up easily.
TrentonTrenton
• When: December 26, 1776
• Where: Trenton, NJ
• People: George Washington (American)– Colonel Rall (Hessians’ commander)– Hessians (German mercenaries)
• What: A surprise attack by George Washington in an effort to restore colonial faith in his leadership.
• COLONIAL VICTORY
SignificanceSignificance
• Displayed Washington’s leadership abilities, battle tactics, restored colonial faith and kept the war effort alive.
• Showed the British believed they were superior to colonial forces.
PrincetonPrinceton
• When: January 3, 1777• Where: Surrounding area around
Princeton, NJ COLONIAL VICTORY• People: George Washington (American)
– Lord Cornwallis (British)– General Mercer (American)
• What: Washington once again used clever tactics to outmaneuver Cornwallis and take another British held city.
SignificanceSignificance
• Helped Europeans see that the colonials were a force to be reckoned with (they could not be defeated easily)- major step towards gaining French support.
• Helped cement faith in George Washington’s leadership and battle tactics
SaratogaSaratoga
• When: August-Oct 1777
• Where: Saratoga, NY
• People: John Burgoyne (British)– General William Howe (British)– Horatio Gates (American)– Benedict Arnold (American)
• What: 2 major battles (Freeman’s Farm and Bemis Heights)
• COLONIAL VICTORY
SignificanceSignificance
• Necessary victory that was the turning point in the American Revolution.
• Gained French support as a result of the victory-necessary to win the war.
King’s MountainKing’s Mountain
• When: October 7, 1780• Where: King’s Mountain, NC• People: Major General Patrick Ferguson
(British) COLONIAL VICTORY– Numerous Colonial Colonels
• What: A massive colonial victory as Colonial Loyalists were first defeated and then executed by the victorious American colonials.
SignificanceSignificance
• Showed how brutal both sides were willing to be to win the war as Loyalist colonists tried to surrender and were executed anyways.
• ***Forced Cornwallis to retreat and abandon his original battle plans. Stopped him from splitting the colonies in two.***
CowpensCowpens
• When: January 17, 1781
• Where: Cowpens, SC
• People: Banastre Tarleton (British)– Nathaniel Greene (American)
• What: A significant battle as Nathaniel Greene was able to enact clever tactics that led to Tarleton’s defeat.
• COLONIAL VICTORY
SignificanceSignificance
• ***Forced Cornwallis to retreat hastily and into Yorktown where he was trapped***
• Necessary victory to win the American Revolution.
YorktownYorktown• When: September-October 1781
• Where: Yorktown, VA
• People: General Rochambeau (French fleet) AMERICAN VICTORY
– George Washington (American)
– General DeGrasse (French fleet)
– Lord Cornwallis (British)
• What: French and Americans trapped Cornwallis and forced him to surrender.
SignificanceSignificance
• Decisive victory that signaled a colonial victory for the American Revolution. Made British realize that they were not going to defeat the colonists.
• Fighting continued for 2 more years, but this was the last major battle.
The Battle of Brandywine CreekThe Battle of Brandywine Creek
• September 11, 1777 BRITISH VICTORY
• Fought between British and Colonials
• General Howe (Brit) outmanuvered General Washington
Brandywine SignificanceBrandywine Significance
• The Americans lost a substantial portion of the troops (about 1000)
• Loss led to British control of Philadelphia, the colonial capital
• Physical and Morale Victory
Battle of White PlainsBattle of White Plains
• October 28, 1776 STALEMATE
• British and Hessians versus Colonials
• Series of fights that led to Washington retreating
White Plains SignficanceWhite Plains Signficance
• White Plains, NY
• Washington’s retreat let the British seize the upper colonial territories including New York, New Jersey and Rhode Island
• Made Americans consider surrendering seriously.
Valley ForgeValley Forge
• Winter of 1777-1778
• Encampment used by George Washington and the Colonial military during the winter months
Valley Forge SignificanceValley Forge Significance
• Located in Pennsylvania
• Nearly destroyed the Continental Army due to disease, hunger, expiring contracts and desertion