Revisiting the Excellence: Are community forests winning Ganeshman Conservation award sustainable in Nepal ?

7/30/2019 Revisiting the Excellence: Are community forests winning Ganeshman Conservation award sustainable in Nepal ?

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Table of ContentsForeword ...................................................................................................................... iReuisiting the Excellence: Are Community Forests winning Ganeshman SinghConseruation Award sustainable in Nepal? ..............................................................1Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 11. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 22. Objectiue ................................................................................................................. 53. Materials and Method ............................................................................................. 54. ResuLts ....................................................................................................................6

4.1 Area of the forest ............................................................................................... 94.2 (jroup size .........................................................................................................104.3 Size of the WorRing Committee ........................................................................ 114.4 Women member in worRing committee ...........................................................124.5 Forest type .......................................................................................................124.6 Case studies ..................................................................................................... 13

5. Discussion .............................................................................................................. 216. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 247. Way forward ......................................................................................................... 24ACRnowledgement .................................................................................................... 24References ..................................................................................................................25Annex 1: Preuious criteria' and indicators for the (jSCA deueLoped an d used by the

Ministry of Forests and SoiL Conseruation, NepaL .................................... 26Annex 2: Reuised criteria and indicators used by MFSC to award best community

forests with (jSCA in 2011 ......................................................................... 28Annex 3: List of Community Forests receiuing (janeshman Singh Conseruation

Award 2054 ............................................................................................. 35


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~ ~ ~ ~euisiting the Excellence: Are Community Forests winningGaneshman Singh Conseruation Award sustainable in Nepal?A.R. Sharma' and K. I


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IntroductionThe present article is based on study about the success stories of communityforest management in Nepal. It focuses on the characteristics of successfuLcommunity forests based on the nominations for the prestigious GaneshmanSingh Conseruation Award (GSCA). The paper further anaLyzes the features ofsuccess aLong with the documentation of successfuL stories based on thenominations and awardees from 1998 to 2011 in Nepal.Forest resource of NepaL: NepaL extends 800 11m east to west aLong thesouthern sLope of the HimaLaya. The county is LandLoclled, and is a narrowstrip of Land squeezed between two Asian giants, India and China. NepaL isdiuided into three ecoLogicaL zones, nameLy the Terai/ Inner Terai (100-300 maboue sea LeueL), the MiddLe Hills (300-3000 m a.s.l.) and the High Mountains(aboue 3000 m a.s.l). The MiddLe HiLLs, or Mahabharat Lellh, represent theregion where Community Forestry (CF) is widespread howeuer, theprogramme extends throughout the country. Most of the country's forestoccurs in the MiddLe HiLLs. The MiddLe Hills aLso haue the greatest ecosystem


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deforestation in the Hills between 1978/79 and 1994 stood at 2.3 percent perannum whiLe deforestation in the Terai for the comparabLe period remained1.3 percent (DFRS, 1999). The Terai region of the country experienced a sharpreduction in deforestation in the Late 1990s (DoF, 2005).There are different studies carried out during different periods report differentstatistics regarding forest and shrub Land areas. The reports published byForest Resource Suruey Office (FRSO) and Land Resource Mapping Project(LRMP), carried out before 1980s, reported more than 6 million hectares oftotaL forest area. The Latest auaiLabLe report published by NationaL ForestryInuentory (NFl) showed substantiaL increase in shrubLand areas which wassubstantially more than reported by the Master PLan for Forest Sector (MPFS).An assessment of the forest inuentory is at the offing with Finnishgouernment's support and the outcome of the suruey certainLy wiLL refLect theimpact of community forestry in the restoration of degraded forest areas inNepaL especiaLLy in the hilly areas of the country.Communitu Forestru in NepaL: NearLy one third of the forest areas (1.66 million


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(janeshman Singh Conseruation Award jSCA): Ministry of Forests and SoiLConseruation (MFSC) has a tradition of awarding the best performing ForestUser Cjroups (FUCjs) with the prestigious Suprement Cjaneshman SinghConseruation Award, named after the ueteran politicaL Leader of Nepal. Theaward consists of prize money of Rs 100 thousand aLong with a certificate ofappreciation for the first winner. The FUCjs throughout the country canparticipate in the compLetion and are to be nominated from the respectiueDistrict Forest Offices (DFO). The FUCjs are monitored and rewarded reguLarLyat uarious LeueLs, based on the criteria and indicators (Annex-1). ALthoughconsiderabLe schoLarLy efforts has gone into the deueLopment of "criteria andindicators" for sustainabLe forest management of community forests anddeuising seLection criteria and indicators for the best performing communityforests in NepaL, such efforts haue remained LargeLy theoreticaL made throughformaL negotiations by bureaucrats with the office bearers of FECOFUN, theFederation of Community Forestry User Cjroups, Nepal. Howeuer, there wasstrong criticism of those officiaL criteria being different from that of theuiLLagers (see PokhareL, 2005a, PokhareL, 2005b, PokhareL and Larsen, 2009;


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ObjectiueThe foLLowing are the objectiues of the present article:

.:. Assess characteristics of successful participatory forest management.:. Document success stories of community forests based on thenominations and awardees of CjSCA.:. Way forward based on opportunities and constraints to translate thestudies for future replications

Materials and MethodCoLLection of success stories: To ensure that preuious nominations for theprestigious award are properly documented, the information related to thenominations and award for pastwere coLLected from the respectiueagencies.


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appropriate statisticaL tooL such as Chi-square tests were performed forstatisticaL significance and the resuLts were documented. The IBM StatisticsSPSS 19 was used to anaLyze 2*2 contingency tabuLation.FieLd uerification: The research team paid uisit to NawaLparasi, S i n d h u p a L c h o ~ ,Tanahu, Myagdi and M a ~ w a n p u r to uerify and document the successfuLcommunity forests receiuing the prestigious C;SCA (Annex 5). The districts wereseLected on the basis of award and proximity to the centre. The team aLso heLdinteraction meeting with the concerned s t a ~ e h o L d e r s for better insights anduaLidation. The crux of the discussion was what attributed the most for themin getting the prestigious award. The members of the FUC; were aLso a s ~ e d todescribe what they perceiued to be the outstanding management features ofthe forest and to prouide information on the specific eLements of demonstratedmanagement performance. The photographs were aLso used in the context ofdocumentation.Results


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robusta (SaL), focus on the production of timber as one of the main forestproducts.Nominations for Cj5CA encompassed community forests and indiuiduaLs withoutstanding contribution towards forest conseruation in NepaL The scope ofthis research is Limited to the community forests Nominations were mostnumerous for forests in districts: Dang (9), I { a s ~ i (8), BagLung (7) andTerathum (7), NawaLparasi (6), and Chitwan (5), RoLpa (5) and5 a n ~ h u w a s a b h a (5). In contingency tabLes (tabLe 1 to tabLe 4), the categorygood denotes the nominations from the District Forest Offices (DFO) whiLethose getting the prestigious Cj5CA are categorized as outstanding. The List ofcommunity forests winning Cj5CA is giuen in Annex-3.The quality of the submissions made for the nominations uaried wideLy withmany nominees prouiding suppLementary information including excerpts fromoperationaL pLans, auditor's report , copies of major decisions done by thegroup, proof of compliance with preuaiLing forest policies and reguLations,Community Forestry CjuideLines in particuLar and other supportiue materiaLs.Howeuer, SeLection committee in year 2011 disqualified seueraL nominations


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prouision of sutkari kharcha (an aLLowance prouided to the women who hadjust giuen birth to a baby: Rs 500 for boys and Rs 700 for girLs).Map-1: Gaurati community forest, SindhupalchoR showing uarious pLaces uisited bythe research team


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egend

"_ ...... ..... , c:::::::::J N " ' , , ~ , , '= ,= .,-"4.1 Area of the forest

NAC hina

o 2550 100 km, , , , ,

AnaLysis of nominations by forest areas shows that about 42 percent of the


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The 2*2 Contingency tabLe regarding size of the community forests (groups)and nominations get ting the CjSCA award (referred to as outstanding in thetabLe) is as beLow (tabLe 1):Table 1: Nominations for the award and awardees by size of the community forest

Area Outstanding Good TotaL50 ha 12 83 95TotaL 20 144 164

Chi square = 0.040, TabuLated uaLue of Chi-square for 1 df is 3.841. SincecalcuLated uaLue of Chi square is Less than the tabuLated uaLue, it is notstatisticaLLy significant at 5% LeueL of significance.Note: Missing number of forest areas is 14 (7.9%)4.2 Group sizeWe found that 55 percent of the awardees haue Less than 150 househoLds in


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4.3 Size of the Working CommitteeAnalysis of nomination by size of the worlling committee shows that 87percent of the nominations had 15 or less members in the executiuecommittee.Figure 2: Frequency of CjSCA Nominations by size of the worhing committee

Nominations by size of the workingcommittee

150 ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -OftIS

~ 100 +-------cEo 50 +------c'S~ O ~ ~ - - - - -11E Up to 10 10 to 15 16 or more::IZ Number of the members in the workingcommittee


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4.4 Women member in working committeeFigure 3: Nominations by Number of women members in the FUG workingcommittee

..c~

..c'E0c-II'""

Nomination by size of the womenmembers in the working committee10080604020a

Upt02 3t05 >5Number of women members in the workingcommittee

Note: Missing number of size of the women members is 14 (7.9%)


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Table 4: 2*2 Contingency table for nominations by forest typeForest Type Outstanding Good TotalSal 8 40 48Non Sal 12 97 109Total 20 137 157

The computed Chi-square ualue is 0.960 whereas tabulated ualue for 1 df is3.841.Therefore, the association between rows (groups) and columns (outcomes) isconsidered to be not statistically significant.Note: The missing number of forest type is 21 (11.8%)


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Sundari Community Forest, Amarapuri, NawalparasiSundari CF includes user members of aLL wards of Amarapuri VillageDeueLopment Committee (VDC) whiLe the forest is situated in two VDCs,Amarapuri 1,2 and Ratanpur 6,9 respectiueLy. The totaL area of the forest is384.75 hectare and includes 1553 househoLds as beneficiaries. The operationaLpLan of the forest was first approued in year 2002 and Later amended in 2007.The income from the forest has beeninuested in forest management andto carry out speciaL programs forpoor, women and disabLed persons.The FUej possesses its own buiLdingthat can accommodate up to 40persons for residentiaL trainingprogram. The worlling committeeincludes 15 members including fiuewomen. The group prouides fuLL time Photo 2: Housing for poorest families of


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Taldanda Community Forest, Dulegauda-8, TanahuThis forest is situated in the northern side of DuLegauda bazaar and wascompLeteLy destroyed some 35 years bacll. With ensuing probLems arising dueto the forest degradation, peopLe realized the need to conserue the forest. In1993, the forest was handed ouer to the LocaL community as community forest.The totaL area of the forest is 84hectare and the operationaL pLan wasrenewed in 2008. There are 325househoLds as beneficiaries of thecommunity forest. The forest iscompLeteLy protected against illicitfelling, forest fire with theconstruction of fire-Lines and reguLarcontrolled firing and cleaning. Suchactiuities haue resuLted into qualityand quant ity improuement in growing

~ ~ .....~ J f

Photo 3: Taldanda CF showing improvedforest condition after hand over to theFUG.


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Gaurati Community Forest, Pipaldanda 1,7,8 SindhupalchokThe community forest extends ouer 103 hectare and includes 239 househoLdsas FUCj members. The forest mainLy comprises of pine and 5chima spp. Thegroup members hoLd the opinion that they were awarded with Cj5CA for theirinitiation of establishing the reuoLuing fund. A reuoLuing fund was establishedwith the income from the saLe of forest products, with an aLLocation of NRs 90thousand and the fund was mobilized for improuing the economic condition ofthe poorest of the poor househoLds. The fund was inuested in the groupcomprising of 5-7 indiuiduaLs and the Loan was prouided at 12 percent interestrate. The Loan was channeLLed in the following areas:

Cjoat farming Loan BuffaLo farming

Sutkaeri I


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toiLets and due to the incentiue 50-60 toiLets were made some of them are stillfunctional. With fund crunch the group has now stopped giuing sutkarikharcha. According to Min Bahadur Shrestha, Secretary of the FUG: WhiLegiuing continuity to distribution of timber from the wind thrown trees, DFOduring morning w a L ~ came across and gaue instruction to inuestigate directlyfrom the district forest office, and about 500 cft Logs were confiscated (uaLuedat NRS 22,000) and haue initiated actions against the office bearers of group.The inuestigation is nearLy compLete and most l i ~ e L y the group wiLL bepermitted to distribute the confiscated timber within the group.Ghorlas Community Forest, Ghatan - 3, Toripani, MyagdiThe community Forest UserGroup (FUG) was establishedwith the objectiues: deueLop,protect,greenery

and promotewhiLe


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The FUCj has established a garden and nursery of timur (Zanthoxylumarmatum) with the support of District Forest Office and Federation ofCommerce and Industry, District Chapter. The group feels that they wereawarded CjSCA 2003 for their spectacular works related with forestmanagement, maintenance and preseruation of the forest and well-built

Photo 4: Plough making enterprise being runby

social actiuities, incomegenerating programs such asplough making enterprise(Photo 4) and furnitureindustry. The FUCj are stillcontinuing the actiuities forwhich they were awarded, andprouiding seruices for abetterment of the life of peopleof this forest user group.Besides aforementioned


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Rani Community Forest, Hetauda Municipality -6, Chaughada, MaltwanpurRaniban, with the literaL meaning:queen's forest, is situated six kmeast from Hetauda market aLongKanti Raj Path at HetaudaMunicipality, Ward NO . 6 ,Chaughada, Makwanpur district.About three decades ago, the forestwas dense with the main treespecies Shorea robusta (SaL), andwiLd animaLs like tiger and Leopard.Later on the forest degraded withexcessiue tree felling withdeueLopment of the market area.With ensuing enuironmentaL

Photo 5: Rani Community Forest, Hetauda-6,Makwanpur

probLems, the LocaL peopLe realized the need to protect the forest. With thecommitment to preserue forest, enuironment and wiLd animaL, a group ofuiLLagers formed Forest User Cjroup in January 6, 1994. The group was Later


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pLantation in forest. They haue successfuLLy rejuuenated forest like it wasthree decades before. The group is undertaking actiuities such as selling oftimber, fueL wood, catering seruices, LocaL handicraft. The group is famous forits actiuities and has receiued numerous awards reLated with enuironmentaLconseruation. For that reason, the group aLso receiues numerous obseruers andstudy tour groups and obseruation and membership fees are prominent modeof income sources of the group. The research team noted an importantcharacteristic of the group: uery strong motiuation amongst FU


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The group has successfully won a number of community based nationaL LeueLawards. So far they haue won ten awards including "Supreme


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Economic

Institutional arrangements

Context

- Homogeneous- Relatiuely well off- Moderate dependence on resource- No sudden shoclls in resource demand- Cultural ualuation of forest- Past experience with forest

management- Rules easy to understand and enforce- Rules locally deuised- Rules help deal with conflicts- Rules hold users and officersaccountable- Effectiue local enforcement and

sanctions- Tenure security- Capacity to exclude outsiders


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Size of the FUG groupAccording to AgrawaL and AngeLsen (2009), for successfuL community forestmanagement group size is aLso a factor contribution to success. Our resuLtshows that there is no significant difference in the success outcome for groupsize.Size of the working committeeAgrawaL and AngeLsen (2009) haue not mentioned about the size of the

w o r ~ i n g committee. Our resuLt shows that there is no significant differencebetween the groups 15 members and >15 members) and the outcomesbased on the size of the w o r ~ i n g committee.Are SaL (Shorea robusta) forests more successfuL than Non-Sal?The resuLt shows that there is no significant difference between SaL and non-SaL forests regarding successfuL forestry outcomes. Though, at prima facie itseems that nominations of SaL forests are greater as compared with other


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ConclusionAgrawaL and AngeLsen's theoreticaL f r a m e w o r ~ for successfuL communityforest management though seems usefuL has Limited applicability in successfuLcommunity forests of Nepal. The attributes such as size of the forest, groupsize, size of the o r ~ i n g committee do not haue significant effect on successfuLforestry outcomes. Moreouer, SaL forests are not significantLy different fromnon-SaL forests in successfuL outcomes. Despite aLL these important findings,we firmLy agree with the excerpts from "In search of excellence" (Durst et aL.2005) - One thing is certain, these goaLs continue to change and euoLue andtoday's excellence may weLL be tomorrow's mediocrity. In reuisiting theexceLLence, we found that Cjaurati CF is Lagging behind other communityforests and may turn into mediocrity with souring reLations with the concernedDistrict Forest Office. Thus, the search for exceLLence - for those who truLy s e e ~it - wiLL thus be a ceaseLess endeauour that continues in Nepal.


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ReferencesAgrawal, A. and A. Angelsen, 2009. Using Community Forest Management toachieue REDD+ {ioaLs. Chapter 16.DFRS, 1999. Forest resources of NepaL (1987-1998). Department of ForestResearch and Suruey, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, NepalDoF, 2005. Forest couer change anaLysis of the Terai districts (1990/91 -2000/01). Department of Forests, His Majesty's Cjouernment, Nepal.Durst, P., C. Brown, H. D. Tacio and M. I s h i ~ a w a 2005. In Search of Excellence:Exemplary Forest Management in Asia and the Pacific. Asia-Pacific ForestryCommission, Regional Community Forestry Training Center For Asia And ThePacific, Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations RegionalOffice For Asia And The Pacific, B a n g ~ o ~ .

P o ~ h a r e l , R. 2005a. Assessing community forests' condition using uariablesrecommended by local people: a case of K a s ~ i district, Nepal, Banko jankari,Vol. 15 (1): 40 - 48.


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AppendicesAnnex 1: Preuious criteria> and indicators for the GSCA deueloped and used by the Ministryof Forests and Soil Conseruation, Nepal., Indicators with scores for 1N o T c r j t e r i a T e ; ; a i ; ; a t i a n T : : : i : I ~ ~ ~ s r -i 1 i Preuious forest area i Barren land (10) i enuironmental i ir - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1i i i lantation area (6) i i i- - - - - - - t -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- t - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - t - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - f -- - - - - - - - - - - - -ji i i atural forest (3) i i i- - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jI 2 I Last year's income I Up to 10000 rupees I Socio-economic I I

~ - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - ( ~ J ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~I I I 10 000-30 000 rupees I I Ii i i 7) i i i- - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,I I I 30 000-50 000 rupees I I Il______L________________________________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - l - - - - - - - - - - Ji i i boue 50 000 rupees i i iI I (10) I I I- - T - p e r c e t a g e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r U 2 5 ~ / ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r s o ( T o - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1


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r - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T - ----------------------------------------T--------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - li i income generating i Employment (3) i i iI I I I Ii i actiuities i i i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ h ! R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1i i i ocial works (2) i i i- - - - - - - t -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- t - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - t - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - f -- - - - - - - - - - - - -ji 8 i Women participation in i Up to 10% (2) i Social i it - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ji i forestryactiuities i 10-30% (4 ) i i i- - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - t -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- t - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ji i i 0-50% (6) i i iI [ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ J ! : l 1 ~ ) E l ll _ ___ ~ h y ~ ~ ~ E h ~ ~ ~ ! ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ! __ __ ~ ~ ! ~ __O_J_________________L=__________________________1________=J, , , MOd hOll ( ) ' "~ - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~I I I Chuna (8) I I Il-_______ -__________________________________________-_________________________________________-____________________________________________I I I Tarai and Inner-Tarai I I Ii i i 6) i i i- - - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~L ___ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _______L_______________________________________L=__________________________l _________=J* All criteria are weighed equally


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Annex 2: Reuised criteria and indicators used by MFSC to awardbest community forests with GSCA in 2011.

I

t

0 - E '" E 0zz '" '" 0Criteria ::s 0 Indicators ::s '" ~ Score Remartts.g 0 c 0..c '0 ~'" '" ..c ..,~ ' ' '; u '"'"

:::; 3 'i5 :::; '''; ,5u .5 3, , , , , ,Forest I

condition Non I5 1,1 N a ~ e d or fallow land 5 i, ~ : ~ ~ r e hand , , , , cumulatiue I

f - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jI I I I I Natural or mixed forest I I I II I I I 1.2 I of moderate condition I 3 I I II I I I I I I I I- - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jI I I I I NaturaL or mixed forest I I I II I I I 1.3 I of good condition I 2 I I Il------L---------------------L--------L-------l-----------------------------------L-------------L--------L-------------------JChanges in

forestConditionafter being


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~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - F o r e s p r o t e c t i o n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Forest I,' through seLf discipline Non

~ ~ ~ ~ E = - - ' - , - , = -I I I I Protection through I I I II I I I 3.2 I I 5 I I II I I I I rotation system I I I I

~ - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1I I I I I PrOUlSlon of forest I I I II I I I 3.3 I I 4 I I I!! ! ! ! atcher ! ! ! !j-------t----------------------j----------t--------i------------- ;-----------------------j---------------t---------t-----------------------jI I I I I Aduerse Impact due to I I I I

l L j l p : ~ ~ e : : r : t e ( t l o : L L L Ii Regular and systematicI forest managementPractice of i actiuities (for exampLe

4 forest 15 4.1 I presence of trees of 5 Cumulatiuem..._' I o o '" . . . . . " ~ ' " '


31/43

, - - - - - -T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - -T - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - -T- - - - - -- - -T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I I I I among the users I I II I I I I household I I I

~ - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - jI I I I 5.3 I Adhoc basis - no any I 1 I I Iiii i systematic provision iii il------L---------------------L--------L-------l-----------------------------------L-------------L--------L-------------------J6 Formation of 6 6.1 Inclusiue 6 Non

FUCj (caste/bacRward cumulatiuecommittee group etc.) with 50%

or more women inexecutive committeeincluding major posts

, - - - - - - j - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t " - - - - - - - - - 1 " - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - j - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

I I I I 6.2 I Domination of one 2 I I II I I I I group/caste/sex I I II L J L L ~ ~ : ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ l y ~ L L I7 Effectiueness 5 7.1 i Regular meetings and 1 Cumulatiue

of FUCj ! assembly as per


32/43

8 Financial 5 8.1 Presentation of 3 Cumulativetransparency financial report inof the FUCj public hearing /committee general assembly and

access to all usersr - - - - - -T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - -T - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - -T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

I I I 1

8

2

1 ~ : : : ~ ~ ! ~ : : n g I 1 I I I>-______ ______________________ _________+ _______ ...____________________________________ -______________ _________+ ______________________JI I I I I P bL" I . l d"' I I I I!! !! .3 ! U lC SOCla au ltLn9 ! 1 ! ! !f . - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - l - - - - - - -- - - + - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - j9 Ratio of 6 9.1 Up to 25% 2 Non

women'sparticipationin the usersassembly

cumulatiue

I--------t-----------------------l----------+ - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - j! ! !! .2 ! 25-50% ! 4 !! !

> - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~9.3 More than 50% 6


33/43

~Soft loans and/orseed money for poor

users to supportincome generatingactiuities)35% or aboue (3)10-35% (2)Less than 10% (1)

I - I I - I = F = ; ; ~ ~ ~ : T ' - I - I -r------t----------------------t---------t--------i---------------.---------------------t--------------t---------t----------------------jI I I I 11,4 I Commumtyand I 1 I I I


34/43

~- - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T - - - - - - - - - r M a s s i u e p L a n t a t i o n - - - - - T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1iii i actiuities iii iI I I I I I I I I-______+-_________________________________ +________ ...____- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - -___ I-______________________12.5 IncreasingauaiLabiLity of watersources and improuedquality of water

f - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - r 6 e d u c s o i i s i o n - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - j

! and/or Landslides" ~ ___ 1 ~ - - - - , - - - - - . . . . . - -and accesstogouernment

(within 3 hrs traueLdistance, easy accessto public seruice

CumuLatiue


35/43

~------t-----------------------t---------t--------i---------- ; --------------.-----------t--------------t----------t-----------------------j!! !! 4.2 ! RotatlonaL grazmg ! 4 ! ! !f------+----------------------+---------+--------+----------------------------------+-------------+---------+----------------------1

I I I I " I : ; : ~ : ? = " " I ' I I[ r I ] 1 4 ~ I ~ ~ e n ~ r : ~ i n g l ] ] ]i 15 i Condition of i 5 i 15.1 i Complete prevention i 5 i i Non iI I forest fires I I I of forest fire I I I Cumulative Il_____L____________________L_______L______l ___________________________________L____________L_______L__________________J15.2 Users' immediate

involvement inextinguishing theforest fire

3

t - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - -T- - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -115.3 No inuoLuement of 0


36/43

Annex 3: List of Community Forests receiuing Ganeshman SinghConseruation Award 2054Decision to award first, second and third winners NRs 100,000, NRs 75,000 and NRs50,000 respectiueLy.GSCA20SSDecision to prouide NRS 75,000 to Laxmi MahiLa CF, Prithiuinagar a L i ~ a -8, G o r ~ h a ,and NRS 25,000 to Deupanna CF, Peugh a VDC-6, R u ~ u m .SeLection Committee meeting dated 2055/12/2 recommended that onLy CF areaLarger than 10 hectare be nominated for the award.GSCA20S6Cjitthapani CF, Rishpata, Bajhang first prizeRischi ~ h o L a MahiLa CF, DadeLdhura secondThuLodanda gaira saLLeri , Mijhing RoLpa ThirdCjSCA 2057


37/43

GSCA 2060GhorLas CF, Myagdi FirstYaLamber CF, Dharan, Sunsari SecondJhauri CF, Parbat, ThirdGSCA 2061ChuchhaeRhoLa CF, Hetauda na pa 6, MaRwanpur Firstl


38/43

Annex 4: Annual Income sources and Expenditure items of GSCAcommunity forests (in NRs)

., u.. ~ LL ~ u.. ~ ~0 ..... ~ u ~ , ~ u.. ~0 0 ., u " " u c u U " ~" .2. ., ~u ., E .;: 0 "0 0 ., 0 '" 0 u.. ", u ~ ~ .s ~ uE 0- 0 " 0 c 0 " 0 ";::- 0 0::s u "0 N " N 0- ~ 0- N ~0 0 .5 c :9 ::s 0 ~ 0 c 0u Vl ::s ~ ~ " N 0 .:::: ~ " N.E Vl "


39/43

, - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,! 4.03 ! Others ! ! 7,465 ! 704,007 ! 180 ! 1,261 !f . - - - - - - - - - - - - f . - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .. ji i Lending from i i i i i i5.00 I I I I 518,743 I I I! ! others ! ! ! ! ! !f - - - - - - - - - - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

i 6.00 i Other income i 289,765 i 33,354 i i 8,784 i 15,625 i~ - - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JI I Last year's I I I I I Ii 7.00i i i 68,687 i 13,48,780 i 177,488 i 66,242 i~ - - - - - - - - l ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - II i Total i 742,985 i 12,06,250 i 28,94,530 i 307,644 i 735,176i j j j j j j


40/43

Expenditure of community forests

'">- u.. ~ 1t.. u.. >- ~ u ~ , ~ ~:::l u.. ~ .t:. u s:: '-' ~ u.. ~,::: u ~ 0 .2. '" u.. ~ ~ ~'" E .t:. "" 0 '':: c u ~ u.. ~"0 "0 '; : ~ ..... .....s:: 0 '" 0 s:: 0 0 0 ..... VI 0 U 0

'"'-' : 0 ~ 0 N ~ ~ .9 ~ ~"0 0 "0 :::l 0 ~ 0 s:: 0Co. >- 0>< s:: N -0 0 N N 0 N 0 Nu..


41/43

Annex 5: Map showing VDC and Municipality uisited by theresearch team for case studyMap showing VDC and Municipality visited by the research team

LegendAdmin is trat iveBounda rl -101...,.""'"-Doo_' ' '_

[>"""Cas. stu dy di str ic tsCJ

Sun"", C.,....,....,.,.1 OI u"

02550 100kn

NA


42/43

:!:;:

Annex 6: Main features of Ganeshman Singh Conseruation Award (GSCA) winningcommunity forests seLected for case studyr - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - , -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ,- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - r - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - ,I Characteristics/ I Sundari CF I Taldonda CF I Gaurati CF I GhorLas CF I Rani CF Ii Features i i i i i iA d d r e s s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T A m a r a p u r i - - - - - - - T - D u i e g - - - - T - p i p a i d a n - - - - - - - - - r G h a t a n - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - lI I Ratanpur 6,9, I Tanahu 11,7,8 I Toripani, I Municipality I, , I ' I I dh I h L ' d" ' ,i i Nawa parasL i i Sm upa C 01< i Myag I i -6, iI I I I I I II I I I I I Chaughado, II I I I I I a ~ w a n p u r If ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ( h ~ ~ ! ~ ! ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l i Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L i ~ ~ i ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ]1No of Beneficiary 11553 1 25 1 39 1156 1 08 1i households i i i i i i- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1I Number of FUCj I 15 I 13 I 10 I 7 I 11 II I I I I I Ii Committee members i i i i i i- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1I Women members in FUCj I 5 I 5 I 2 I 2 I 3 II I I I I I Ii committee i i i i i i- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1I FuLL time employment I 3 I I I I 3 II I I I I I Ii (Persons year) i i i i i iM a j o j o r e s i f i i e s - - - - - - - r r s e r y : - - - - - - r - j i r e = i i n e s : - - - - - - - - - - r - n i n g - - - - - - - - - - - - - r g a r d e - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


43/43

;e

Other deuelopmentactiuities awareness raisingactiuities focused onforest fires andclimate change, sRilldeuelopment training,scholarships

35 percent ofincome inforestmanagementanddeuelopmentactiuities

scholarships,allowance forwomen in earlymotherhood

operationalplan reuisionof fiftyneighboringcommunityforests

drinRingwatersupply, loanfor uariousagribusiness,womenawarenessprogram,constructionof schooland road,renouationof temple,scholarshipsto girl andpoorstudentsf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

I yaneshman Singh I 2011 I 2011 I 2001 I 2003 I 1999 Ii Conseruation Award i i i i i ireceiued year I I I I I I'--Ma-n-attrlbu-e-yor------------r ho-ulng-yo-r-poor-and---r-impr-oued--grass--rreu-oCuing-und---rForest--------------r i=-orest------------'receiuing award I disabled focused I cultiuation I for income I management I management, program I pLot, animal I generating I worRs and I worRs. , ,husbandry for i actiuities i ploughincome

generationmaRingenterprise

Documents

Revisiting the Excellence: Are community forests winning Ganeshman Conservation award sustainable in Nepal ?