Revision of key terms

Write down the 12 key terms for the definitions on the slides

a statement of what a researcher wants a statement of what a researcher wants to find outto find out

Key termsKey terms

factors other than the independent factors other than the independent variable which could affect the variable which could affect the dependent variable (and therefore the dependent variable (and therefore the outcome of research)outcome of research)

this statement predicts there will be no this statement predicts there will be no difference between the variables in difference between the variables in researchresearch

this statement predicts the difference this statement predicts the difference between two variables in research but between two variables in research but does not state the directiondoes not state the direction

data that gives information about how data that gives information about how people think or feel, written in the form of people think or feel, written in the form of wordswords

This statement predicts the type of This statement predicts the type of difference (increase or decrease) difference (increase or decrease) between conditions or participants in between conditions or participants in researchresearch

this is the outcome/result in an this is the outcome/result in an experiment which is caused by the experiment which is caused by the manipulation of the independent variablemanipulation of the independent variable

numerical data which is easy to analyse numerical data which is easy to analyse (but may simplify results)(but may simplify results)

whether a study tests what it aims to whether a study tests what it aims to test; can the results be applied to other test; can the results be applied to other situations?situations?

Ps may try to guess the aim of the Ps may try to guess the aim of the investigation (by responding to cues in investigation (by responding to cues in the environment) and change their the environment) and change their behaviour as a resultbehaviour as a result

A variable which is manipulated in an A variable which is manipulated in an experiment so that its effect on another experiment so that its effect on another variable can be testedvariable can be tested

how consistent research findings will be how consistent research findings will be over timeover time

Review of key termsReview of key terms

Match the 10 definitions to the key terms in Match the 10 definitions to the key terms in your booklet.your booklet.

Read the study by Glanzer and Cuntiz Read the study by Glanzer and Cuntiz and answer the questions on this slide:and answer the questions on this slide:

1.1. What is the research method?What is the research method?

2.2. Identify the IV and DV.Identify the IV and DV.

3.3. What is the experimental design?What is the experimental design?

4.4. Identify a potential EV.Identify a potential EV.

5.5. If you were to repeat this experiment, what If you were to repeat this experiment, what type of hypothesis would you use?type of hypothesis would you use?

6.6. Write an experimental and a null Write an experimental and a null hypothesis for this research.hypothesis for this research.

ReliabilityReliability Internal: consistency within tests, normally a Internal: consistency within tests, normally a

questionnaire. Do all items on a questionnaire. Do all items on a questionnaire measure the same thing? Pts questionnaire measure the same thing? Pts should not score above average in one half should not score above average in one half of the test or below average in the other halfof the test or below average in the other half

External: the ability of a test to produce the External: the ability of a test to produce the same results every time the test is carried same results every time the test is carried out on similar people under similar conditionsout on similar people under similar conditions

TaskTask

Answer the 2 questions at the bottom of the Answer the 2 questions at the bottom of the pagepage

ValidityValidity

Internal: whether a study tests the Internal: whether a study tests the hypothesis it was designed to test; whether hypothesis it was designed to test; whether the DV measures what it intends to measurethe DV measures what it intends to measure

Threats to internal validity are a study with a Threats to internal validity are a study with a poor design – i.e. EVs, demand poor design – i.e. EVs, demand characteristics or investigator effectscharacteristics or investigator effects

ValidityValidity

Ecological: whether the results of a study Ecological: whether the results of a study can be generalised to other situationscan be generalised to other situations

Population: whether the results of a study Population: whether the results of a study can be generalised to other peoplecan be generalised to other people

Time: whether the results of a study can be Time: whether the results of a study can be generalised to other erasgeneralised to other eras

ValidityValidity

Answer the questions at the bottom of the Answer the questions at the bottom of the pagepage

Reliability and validityReliability and validity

Read the studies and answer the following questions for each:

1. Is the study high or low in internal validity?

2. Is the study high or low in external validity? Which type of validity is relevant to the study?

3. Is the study high or low in reliability?

Homework – Review of reliability and validity

Colour code each box so that it relates to the correct key term displayed at the top of the page.