My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

Soil type REGIONS ORIGIN/FORMATION PECULARITY /

CONTENTS

INFO

Alluvial

(45.6%)

Indo-Gigantic plains

Coastal areas-sea waves

PNJ to WB

Deltaic Alluvium-Mahanadi,

Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery

Coastal Alluvium

Some in Narmada and Tapi

valleys

River sediments

Parent material-

Transported rock

weathering

Immature

Weak profiles

Low nitrogen,

Adequate Potash,

phosphoric acid and

alkalies

Varying lime and Iron

oxide

Largest occurring

One of the most fertile in the world

Good drainage

Recurrent river floods

Older-Bhangar soil-dark,kankary

Younger Khadar soil-every year

flood-less kankary-rich

Bhabar

Tarai-Nitrogen rich, high organic

matter, Phosphate deficient-

Rice, wheat, sugarcane,

Jute, Soyabeans

Black

(Regur/Cotton)

-16.6%

South India

In the region of High Temp

and low rainfall

Lava spreading

Mostly derived from 2

types of rocks-Decaan

and Rajmahal trap

Titaniferous Magnetite,

Iron-so Black colour

Low Phospate, Nitrogen

and humus

Cracks in hot season. Hence

oxygenated till great depth,

extraordinary fertility, so less

fertilizers needed

Sticky in rainy season

Cotton, wheat, Jowar, Linseed,

Tobacco, Millets, Sunflower

Red -10.6% Whole TN, parts of Krntk, S-E

of MH, Eastern AP and MP,

Chhatisgarh, Orissa,

Chhotanagpur in Jharkhand

South Bihar

Virbhum district of WB

Jhansi (UP)

RJ-Arawalis and East RJ

Assam, Naga, Mani, Mizo,

Tripura and Meghalaya

From Weathering of

ancient crystalline and

metamorphic rocks

Parent rock-Acid

Granites and gneisses,

Quartzite, Feldspar

Red colour due to Wide

diffusion rather than higher

% of Iron content

Poor in lime, magnesia,

phosphate, nitrogen and

humus

Rich in Potash

Cotton, Wheat, rice, pulses,

millets, tobacco, oilseeds, fruits

Upland-poor, thin, stony, porous

Lowlands-rich, fertile

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

Laterite and

Lateritic soil

Summits of Western Ghat at

1000-1500m above sea level

Hills of-Eastern Ghat,

Rajmahal hills, Vindyas

Satpuda,Malwa plateau

Low level-South MH, krntk,

AP, Orissa, WB, Kerala, JH,

Assam and Meghalaya

High Temp, heavy

rainfall (200cm) with

alternate wet and dry

periods

Poor in Lime and

Magnesia

Nitrogen, Potash

deficient

High Phosphate, humus

(sometimes)

Leaching of soil due to

high rain.

Lime and silica are leached

away. Soil rich in oxides

of Iron and Alluminium

compouds is left behind

Lack fertility

Little useful for crops

If manure+Irrigation->plantation

crops

Tea coffee, rubber, Chinchona,

Coconut

Paddy in low areas

Grazing grounds and scrub forests

in some areas

Get hardened when exposed to air

because it is End product of

Weathering.

Forest and

Mountain soil

8.67%

Valley basins, depressions,

steeply inclined slopes in

Himalaya

Western and Eastern Ghats

Some part of Peninsula

Deposition of organic

matter derived from

forest growth

Very rich in Humus

Deficient in Potash,

Phosphorus and Lime. So,

fertilizers needed

Heterogeneous in nature

Character changes with Parent rocks,

climate

Tea, coffee, spices-Krtk,Kerala,Tn

Wheat, Maize, Barley-J&K, Himachal

and Uttaranchal

Arid & Desert

4.32%

RJ

Some areas of Punjab,

Haryana i.e. between Indus

and Arawalis

Originated from

disintegration of ground

rocks or is blown from

Indus Basin and coast by

prevailing S-W Monsoon

winds

Covered by mantle of

sands which inhibit soil

growth

High content of soluble

salts

Alkaline

Poor in organic matter

High Phosphate

Rann of Kuchha is an extension of

this desert

Desert soil consists of Aeolian

sand (90-95%) and clay (5-10%).

Fertile because of presence of

Phosphate and Nitrate wherever

moisture is available

Barley, Rape, Cotton, wheat,

millets, maize, pulses

My Notes-Pranav Sontakke

Saline and

Alkaline

AP, Krntk

Dry part of Bihar, UP,

Haryana, PNJ, RJ, MH

Gulf of Khambhat area in GJ

Estuaries of Narmada, Tapi,

Mahi and Sabarmati-infertile

area

In canal irrigated area and in

area of high subsoil water

table, the Injurious salts are

transported from below to the

top soil by capillary action as

a result of evaporation in dry

season. The accumulation of

these salts make the soil

infertile and so unfit for

Agriculture

Known by different names-Reh,

kallar, Usar,thur, Rakar, Karl, Chopan

Peaty and

Marshy

Sundarban (WB)

Coastal Orissa and TN

Bihar

Originate in Humid

region as a result of

accumulation of large

amount of organic matter

in the soil

Soluble salts

10-40% organic matter

Deficient in Potash,

Phosphate

Black, heavy and highly acidic

Rice cutivation

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