Revision for People and the Planet

Name the case studies for this unitPopulation Dynamics Consuming Resources Development Dilemmas

Globalisation Changing Settlements of the UK

Challenges of the Urban Environment

This is the info what is the case study ?

1. Under 15s are 31% of the population2. National night3. Low density urban settlements so need long journeys to work,

school etc4. 58% reduction in water usage5. Employment 85%6. 71% house hold waste is landfilled7. In its first five years of opening it has contributed £500m –

700m to the Local economy. 8. Agriculture is limited by steep slopes and high rainfall so

restricted to hill sheep and cattle farming.9. attract an extra 1.7 million tourists over the year, encourage

£2 billion worth of investment10. 83.19% of tax from here

1. Mexico

2. Singapore

3. Oil use USA

4. BEDZED

5. Dharavi, Mumbai

India

6. London

7. Scotish Highlands

8. Eden Project

9. Liver pool City of

Culture

10.Dar es Salaam TZ

core

Graph it up …Name each of the graphs and give a one line explanation of what it shows

Graph 1

Graph 2

Graph 3

Graph 4

Graph 5

Graph 6

Name the case study you could use

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

1. Australia, New Zealand, UK

2. Waverly Council UK

3. Santo Antonio Dam

4. Liverpool London Docklands Development Corp

5. Nike, Tesco6. Tanzania – Dar

es Salaam and Ruwka

7. London, Barcelona? Masdar

Changing Settlements of the UK

1. Name 2 factors which limited prosperity in the Scottish Highlands.

2. State 3 factors which led to the decline of Liverpool

3. Give 3 pieces of evidence that the Eden project brought rural regeneration

4. Give 1 economic and one political process which transformed London

5. State 2 things which promoted prosperity in East Anglia

1. a. Agriculture is limited by steep slopes and high rainfall so restricted to hill sheep and cattle farming.b. Fish stocks have declined e.g. Codc. Tourism in Aviemore for Skiing but is seasonald. Long distances need to be travelled for amenities e. Little industry – a few whisky distilleries.

2. – decline in 19th C industries, decline in shipping to USA and empire, docks too shallow, increased trade to Europe, containerisation

3. contributed £500m – 700m to the Cornish economy. , It buys from no less than 3,000 Cornish firms. , 3,000 jobs have been sustained locally due to its continuing success, 500 full-time staff.All were recruited locally,75 per cent were previously unemployed .

4. economic- decline in docks, recession, LDDC political – tax breaks for LDDC, invetsment in infrastructure in docklands

5. aProsperous agriculture - flat land with fertile soils. Very large farms .b. Growth of traditional and new industries e.. Biotechnology and communications – especially around Cambridge. c. Growth of tourism – e.g The Norfolk Broads d. Ports e.g. Felixstowe growing e. Good transport links with London

Challenges of the Urban Environment 1. How many commuters does London have daily ?

What % travel by car ?2. Name 2 schemes to make transport more sustainable in

London3. What % of London’s energy comes from renewable

sources ?4. What size is Dharavi? How many people live there?5. Where is Dharavi – location in city and country.6. How many people per toilet in Dharavi?7. What schemes are there to redevelop Dharavi?8. What jobs are found in Dharavi?

1 3 million 69%2 Borris bikes,

chip fat taxis, congestions charge.

3 Less than 1%4 1 square mile

1million5 Centre of

Mumbai, India6 500

Key terms:Key term Definition

Ageing Population This is when a country has a large number of people over the age of 65 in their country.

Anti – natalist policy A government policy used to encourage people to have fewer children.

Birth rate The number of births per 1,000 people in a year.

Death rate The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.

Development Economic and social progress that leads to improvements in the quality of life for an increasing proportion of the population.

Economic migrant Someone who has emigrated from one region to another region looking for employment or improved standard of living.

Emigrant A person leaving a country or region to live somewhere else (for at least one year).

Exponential Growth When the population starts doubling itself very quickly - the bigger the population the faster it grows

Key term DefinitionFertility rate The average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime.

Immigrant A person arriving in a country or region to live (for at least one year).

Infant mortality rate The number of babies who die per 1, 000 before the child's first birthday.

Life expectancy The average number of years a person might be expected to live.

Migration The movement by people from one place to another

Natural change The change (an increase or a decrease) in population numbers resulting from the difference between birth and death rates.

Natural increase Is the number of people added to or lost from the population of every 1000 people in one year.

Overpopulation An area that has too many people for the resources available.

Key term Definition

Population pyramid A diagrammatic way of showing the age and sex structure of a population.

Population structure The 'make up' or composition of a population

Pro -natalist policy A government policy used to encourage people to have more children.

Tipping point The point at which the momentum of a change is unstoppable.

Under population When there are too few people to develop fully the economic potential of an area or nation.

Youthful population This is when there are a very high percentage of people under the age of 15.

Zero population growth

(also called the replacement level, is where the population neither grows or declines, and remains stable.

Key terms:Key term Definition

Alternative energy Energy sources that provide an alternative to fossil fuels

Boserupian Theory Ester Boserup (a Danish economist) argued that in times of pressure, people will find ways to increase the production of food by increasing workforce, machinery, fertilizers. ‘Necessity is the mother of invention’.

Carbon Footprint A measurement of all greenhouse gases we individually produce

Consumption The using up of something

Ecological Footprint The area needed to supply resources to an individual or a group of people to maintain their lifestyle.

Food insecurity When it is difficult to obtain sufficent food. This can range from hunger to full blown famine

Food Security The ability to obtain sufficent food on a day to day basis.

Fossil Fuel Oil, coal and gas – Non renewable energy

Key term DefinitionFinite resource A resource that is restricted or limited

Human resource The skills and abilities of the population

Malthusian Theory Thomas Malthus argued that eventually population would outstrip food supply and at this point population would decrease through starvation and other natural checks like war, disease and morality.

Natural Resource A resource that is naturally occuring like water, minerals that can be turned into something in its own right or made into something else.

Non renewable resource

Resources that are being used up and cannot be replaced

Peak oil The point at which oil production reaches a maximum level and then declines

Key term Definition

Recyclable resource Resources, such as wood, that can be renewed if we act to replace them as we use them.

Sustainable development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising (limiting) the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Sustainable resource A resource that is used up at the same speed that it is renewed.

Key terms:Key term Definition

Automation The use of machinery rather than people, in manufacturing and data processing

Deindustrialisation Factories closing down in the 1980’s

Employment Structure

The proportion of people working in each of the primary, secondary and tertiary sector

Flows A system of linkages between objects, places or individuals

Foreign direct Investment

a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country.

Global Economy The international spread of goods and services, especially in recent decades, across national boundaries and with minimal restrictions by governments.

Global Shift Cross border i0nteractions between nations, businesses and people

Globalisation The movement of objects, people and ideas between places.

Industrialisation Where a mainly agricultural society changes and begins to depend on manufacturing industries instead.

Key term DefinitionInformal Sector Forms of employment that are not officially recognised e.g.

People working for themselves on the streets of developing cities.

International Monetary Fund

A US based organisation that raises funds from the worlds wealthier countries, to help countries which become economically unstable like Greece.

Merger When one country takes over another one

Networks Expanding travel networks communication technologies easily connect manufactures and overseas buyers

Newly Industrialised Countries

Like China, India and Brazil

Outsourcing A process in which a company subcontracts part of its business to another company

Players Individuals and groups who are interested in and affected by a decision making process

Primary sector People extract raw material from the land or sea e.g. farming

Key term DefinitionQuaternary Sector Provide information and expert help e.g. IT

Secondary Sector People are involved in manufacturing e.g. house building

sweatshops A factory where workers are expected to work very long hours, with low pay and poor working conditions.

Teleworking Also called: telecommuting the use of home computers, telephones, etc, to enable a person to work from home while maintaining contact with colleagues, customers, or a central office.

Tertiary Sector provide a services e.g. selling goods or nursing

TNC’s Trans National Corporations - a giant company operating in many countries

WTO World Trade Organisation

Key termsKey term Definition

Appropriate technology

Equipment that the local community is able to use easily and without much cost e.g. A water pump

Bottom up approach

Where development comes from the local community. This is because they can decide what best suits their needs e.g. A water pump for clean water or solar panels to provide electricity for the village.

BRICS The worlds 5 major developing economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa

Core region This is the centre of economic activity. It’s where the majority of jobs are and where the infrastructure is best. In India this place is Mumbai.

Dependency theory

The idea that something (e.g. a country or region) is only able to survive with outside support e.g. From another region or country.

Disparity When there is variation in the distribution of wealth e.g. There is disparity between the urban core and rural periphery.

Key termsKey term DefinitionEnvironment impact

How something effects the environment e.g. Large hydro-electric dams cause flooding and can interfere with wildlife such as migrating fish.

Development indicator

These are factors that determine how developed a country is e.g. Life expectancy, access to clean water and GDP.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

This is the total value of goods and services within a country.

Gross National Income (GNI)

This is the total value of goods and services within a country.

Happy Planet Index (HPI)

A measure of a countries wellbeing i.e. How happy and content people are, based upon social and environmental indicators like access to clean water, ecological footprint and life expectancy.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZPYI8BfnBs#t=14

Key termsKey term DefinitionHydro-electric power (HEP)

When electricity is generated by water flowing over a turbine, which spins and generates electricity. Usually present in dams (Hydro-Electric Dam)

Human Development Index (HDI)

A development indicator based on four economic and social development indicators that allows comparisons between countries. Indicators include GDP, poverty line, access to clean water, adult literacy and life expectancy

Micro-hydro schemes

Small scale hydro-electric power (HEP) schemes that generate electricity locally.

Millennium Development Goals

The development goals agreed by world governments at the UN summit in September 2000 e.g. Halting the spread of HIV.

Rural periphery Impacts caused indirectly by the volcano/earthquake, for example ‘a knock on effect’ e.g. Fires caused by broken gas pipes.

Urban core The way and which people react to a situation.

Poverty cycle Help and aid provided to an area to prevent immediate loss of life because of shortages of basics, such as water, food and shelter.

Key termsKey term Definition

Multiplier effect How investment and job creation in turn creates more jobs , because people earn money and spend it, creating new businesses, which in turn create more new jobs.

Rostow model The theory that countries pass through 5 stages of development. 1. Traditional society 2. Pre-Take Off Society 3. Take off Stage 4. Drive to Maturity 5. High Mass Consumption

Top-down approach

When development is initiated by people from the top i.e. Government and big business e.g. In the form of large hydro-electric dams such as the Katse Dam in Lesotho.

Sustainable development

Development that takes into account the needs of people (social), the needs of the environment and the economy (money & jobs)