(Revised) be re - Karnatakaktbs.kar.nic.in/new/website textbooks/class8/8th-language... · 2019-08-19 · FIRST LANGUAGE - SANSKRIT. KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R) 100 Feet Ring Road,

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g§ñH¥$VZpÝXZr-1Aï>_r H$ú`m

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8SAMSKRITHA NANDINI- 1

EIGHTH STANDARD

FIRST LANGUAGE - SANSKRIT

KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R)100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd stage,

Bengaluru- 560 085.

(Revised)

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PREFACE The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi prepared which in turn are designed based on NCF – 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 11 languages; seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science and social science.

NCF – 2005 has a number of special features and they are:

• Connecting knowledge to life activities

• Learning to shift from rote methods

• Enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks

• Learning experiences for the construction of knowledge

• Making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom experiences

• Caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country

• Make education relevant to the present and future needs.

• Softening the subject boundaries integrated knowledge and the joy of learning.

• The child is the constructor of knowledge

The new books are produced based on three fundamental approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral Approach and Integrated approach.

The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, masters skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books are integrated with values. The new books are not examination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner in the total development of his/her personality, thus help him/her become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country India.

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Language textbooks are designed to help learners master communicative competencies, excellent comprehension, meaningful expression and efficient reference skills.

Schools in Karnataka offer seven languages as media of instruction and eight as first languages and ten languages are offered as third language. The objective is to help the learners to use these languages efficiently at the communicative level. It is hoped that at least a cross section of learners achieve competencies to use these languages at the creative level.

Teachers are expected to adapt their teaching methods not to make these textbooks just feed materials for examinations, but help learners master language competencies such as communication, comprehension, expression in writing and necessary reference skills.

The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the chairpersons, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and CTEs and the members of the Editorial Board and printers in helping the Text Book Society in producing these textbooks.

Prof. G. S. Mudambadithaya Nagendra Kumar Co-ordinator Managing Director Curriculum Revision Karnataka Textbook Society and Textbook Preparation Bengaluru. Karnataka Textbook Society Bengaluru.

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àmŠH$WZ_²>

BX§ Vw lwV_odmñ_m{^… `V²> "^mfmgw _w»`m _Ywam {Xì`m Jrdm©U^maVr' B{VŸ& B`§ g§ñH¥$V^mfm àmMrZH$mbo ì`dhma^mfm AmgrV²Ÿ& ^maVr`g§mñH¥${VH$- naånam§ ajÝVr H«$_e… {dXoer`mZm_² AmH«$_UoZ emgZoZ M h´mgVm§ JVm{n ^maVr`mZm§ g§ñH¥$VmZwam{JUm§ {ejH$mUm§ M à`ËZoZ nwZa{n ì`dhmanWo AmZr`_mZm ApñV BË``§ {df`… à_moX§ OZ`{VŸ& OZm… nwZa{n EVm§ gmXa_² AnojÝVo B{V gÝVmofñ` {df`…Ÿ&

H$Um©Q>H$àemgZñ` AmXoemZwgma§ g§ñH¥$Vñ` AÜ``ZmWª ^mfmkmZmWª M A{YH$… Adga… H$pënV… ApñV EVpñ_Z² nwñVHo$Ÿ& VW¡d nmR> moOZm, _mJ©Xe©H$àíZn{ÌH$m, nXH$mof… M AÜ`mnHo$ä`… gmhmæ`mWª XÎm… ApñVŸ& 2005 V_df©ñ` amï>r` nmR²> H«$_ñ` {Z`_mZwgma§ a{MV{_X§ nmR²> nwñVH§$ AZYrVg§ñH¥$VmZm_² A{n ghm`H§$ ^doV² B{V Añ_mH$_² Ame`…Ÿ&

bmoHo$@pñ_Z² OZ{à`Vm§ àmßZwdVr B`§ ^mfm A{^dY©Vm_² BË`pñV Añ_mH$_² Ame`…Ÿ& nmR²>`nwñVH${Z_m©Uo gmhmæ`§ H¥$VdX²ä`… gd}ä`… H¥$VkVm g_ß`©VoŸ&

~o“byé H¥$îUàgmX…AÜ`j…

nmR²>`nwñVH$aMZm g{_{V…

AÜ`mnHo$ä`… gyMZm… -1. AZYrVg§ñH¥$VmZm§ N>mÌmUm§ kmZmWª àW_… nmR>… "dUm©…' B{V àXÎm…Ÿ& AV… AY©_mg§

dm Ef… nmR>… nmR>Zr`…Ÿ&2. Amaåô "JUoe§ Ôo_' B{V ñVmoÌ_²> ApñVŸ& EVV² Ho$db§ àmW©Zmê$noU ^d{VŸ& Z

narjm{Z{_Îm_²Ÿ&3. Aä`mg… B{V ^mJo ò àíZm… àXÎmm… V Ed àíZm… N>mÌmUm§ H$V©ì`m…Ÿ& "g_w{MV§

nX§ {MZwV' BË`Ì H$Xm{MV² nmR>mÝVJ©Vm… A§em… A{n àýê$noU ^{dVw_²> Ah©pÝVŸ&4. íbmoH$VmËn ª {bIV, n#mf¡… dmŠ ¡… CÎma§ {bIV, nyaH$nmR>ñ` àíZm…, _mV¥ mf`m

^{dVw_h©{VŸ&5. EH¡$H$ñ` nmR>ñ` AÝVo "AdYo`m§e…, {H«$`mH$bmn…' B{V H$üZ ^mJ… àXÎm…Ÿ& A`§

Ho$db_²> Aä`mgmW©_²> EdŸ& narjmdgao V{Ûfò àým… Z¡d àï>ì`m…Ÿ&6. AÝVo àíZn{ÌH$mñdén§ àXÎm_²Ÿ& VV² Ho$db§ _mJ©Xe©ZmW©_²Ÿ& gÝX^©demV² n[adV©Z§

H$V©w_² Ah©{V&7. JÚnmR>mÝVmJ©Vm… íbmoH$m… "íbmoH$VmËn`ª {bIV' BË`Ì àíZê$noU Z¡d Xo`m…Ÿ&8. boIZH$bm§ nR>ZH$bm§ M dY©{`Vw_²> CŠVboIZ - nmR>dmMZmXr{Z N>mÌÛmam H$ma{`Vw§

eŠ`m{ZŸ&

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AÜ`j…

lr H¥$îUàgmX…, àmMm`©:, lram_nXdrnyd© {dÚmb`…, ~ÊQ>²dmb, X.H$.

gXñ`m…

1) {dÛmZ² do‘>Q>a_U ^Å>… - g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$…, {~.B.Eb². àm¡T>embm, ~o“byé.

2) {dÛmZ² {Q>. {g. AœËW Hw$_ma…, _w»`monmÜ`m`…, lr _ZmoÝ_Zr g§ñH¥$VnmR>embm,

~o“byé.

3) {dÛmZ² H¥$îU .{d. ^Å>…, g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$…, dmgdr {dÚm {ZHo$VZ àm¡T>embm, ~o“byé.

4) {dÛmZ² ZmamÙ AZÝV ^Å>…, g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$…, g.~m.n.ny.{d, ZyVZH$moQ>o, ~o“byé.

5) {dÛmZ² na_oœa {d. ^Å>…, g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$…, g.~m.n.ny.H$m, hmgZ_².

6) lr gwaoe d¡Ú…, {MÌH$bm{ejH$…, lr dY©_mZ{hÝXràm¡T>embm, am`Myé.

n[aer{bH$m -

S>mŸ&& ZmJaËZm hoJS>o, g§ñH¥$VmonÝ`m{gH$m, gwamZm _hm{dÚmb`…, ~gdZJw{S>, ~o“byé.

gånmXH$$…

S>m. H$moQ>o_Zo am_MÝÐ ^Å>…, {ZXoeH$…, doX{dkmZemoYg§ñWmZ_²>, ~o“byé.

à_wIg§`moOH$…

àmo. {O.Eg²>. _wSå~{S>Îmm`…, >H$.n.nw.g”…, ~o“byé.

à_wI_mJ©Xe©H$m¡ -

lr ZmJ|Ð Hw$_ma, ì`dñWmnH$ {ZX©oeH$…, H$.n.nw.g”…[a, ~o“byé.

lr_Vr {g. ZmJ_{U, Cn[ZXoeH$… (à^m[a), H$.n.nw.g”…[a, ~o“byé.

g§`mo{OH$m -

lr_Vr Eg². EZ². brbmdVr, Áòðghm`H${ZX}{eH$m, H$.n.nw.g”…, ~o“byé.

nmR²>`nwñVH$aMZmg{_{V…

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About the Review of Textbooks

Honourable Chief Minister Sri Siddaramaiah who is also the Finance Minister of Karnataka, in his response to the public opinion about the New Textbooks from standard one to ten, announced, in his 2014-15 budget speech of constituting an expert-committee, to look into the matter. He also spoke of the basic expectations there in, which the Textbook experts should follow: “ The Textbooks should aim at inculcating social equality, moral values, development of personality, scientific temper, critical acumen, secularism and the sense of national commitment”, he said.

Later, for the production of the Textbooks from class one to tenth, the Department of Education constituted twenty seven committees and passed an order on 24-11-2014. The committees so constituted were subject and class-wise and were in accordance with the standards prescribed. Teachers who are experts in matters of subjects and syllabi were in the committees.

There were already many complaints, and analyses about the Textbooks. So, a freehand was given in the order dated 24-11-2014 to the responsible committees to examine and review text and even to prepare new text and review if necessary. Afterwards, a new order was passed on 19-9-2015 which also give freedom even to re-write the Textbooks if necessary. In the same order, it was said that the completely reviewed Textbooks could be put to force from 2017-18 instead of 2016-17.

Many self inspired individuals and institutions, listing out the wrong information and mistakes there in the text, had send them to the Education Minister and to the ‘ Textbook Society’. They were rectified. Before rectification we had exchanged ideas by arranging debates. Discussions had taken place with Primary and Secondary Education ‘ Teacher Associations’. Questionnaires were administered among teachers to pool up opinions. Separate meeting were held with teachers, subject inspectors and DIET Principals. Analytical opinions had been collected. To the subject experts of science, social science, mathematics and languages, textbooks were sent in advance and later meeting were held for discussions. Women associations and science related organistation were also invited for discussions. Thus, on the basis of all inputs received from various sources, the textbooks have been reviewed where ever necessary.

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Another very important thing has to be shared here. We constituted three expert committees. They were constituted to make suggestions after making a critical study of the text of science, mathematics and social science subjects of central schools (N.C.E.R.T), along with state textbooks. Thus, the state text books have been enriched basing on the critical analysis and suggestions made by the experts. The state textbooks have been guarded not to go lower in standards than the textbooks of central school. Besides, these textbooks have been examined along side with the textbooks of Andhra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra states.

Another clarification has to be given here. Whatever we have done in the committees is only review, it is not the total preparation of the textbooks. Therefore, the structure of already prepared textbooks have in no way been affected or distorted. They have only been reviewed in the background of gender equality, regional representation, national integrity, equality and social harmony. While doing so, the curriculum frames of both central and state have not been transgressed. Besides, the aspirations of the constitution are incorporated carefully. Further, the reviews of the committees were once given to higher expert committees for examination and their opinions have been effected into the textbooks.

Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived in all those 27 committees with complete dedication and also to those who served in higher committees. At the same time, we thank all the supervising officers of the ‘Textbook Society’ who sincerely worked hard in forming the committees and managed to see the task reach it’s logical completion. We thank all the members of the staff who co-operated in this venture. Our thanks are also due to the subject experts and to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

H.N. GopalakrishnaManaging Director

Karnataka Textbook SocietyBengaluru.

Prof. Baraguru RamachandrappaChairman-in-Chief

Textbook Review CommitteeBengaluru.

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n[aîH$aUg[_[V…

1. àmo. ~aJyé am_MÝÐßn…, gdm©Ü`j…, amÁ`nR>çnwñVH$n[aîH$aUg{_{V…, ~|Jiyé.

2. àmo. [edamOßn…, AÜ`j…, nR>çnwñVH$n[aîH$aUg{_{V…,àmÜ`mnH$…,

_h>mamO H$mboOw, _¡gyé [dœ[dÚmb`…, _¡gyé.

gXñ`m:

1. S>m. Z§OwÊS>æ`…, àm§ewnmb… lr H$mb^¡adoœa g§ñH¥$VdoXAmJ_[ejU

_h>m[dÚmb`. lr Am[X Mw#mZ[J[a joÌ_², ZmJ_§Jb Vm„yHw$.

2. lr EM².E_².gwYra…, g§ñH¥$V [ejH$…, g.~m.n.ny. H$mboO², AaH$bJySþ>, h>mgZ

_ÊS>b_².

3. lr JOmZZ ZmamÙ ^Å>…, g§ñH¥$V [ejH$…, BpÝXam [à`X[e©[Z ~m[bH$m

àm¡T>embm, Oo.[n. ZJa ~|Jiÿ>é.

4. S>m.amKdoÝÐ ^Å>: Š`mX{J, g§ñH¥$V [ejH$…, gd©H$mar` àm¡T>embm, gma{¸$, ~|Jbyé.

5. lr h>OaV² Abr. w,CnÝ`mgH$…, b[bV H$bm [d^mJ. Vw_Hy$é [dœ [dÚmb`, Vw_Hy$é.

n[aîH$aUmoÞVg[_{V…

1. S>m. EM².{d.doUwJmonmb:, [Zd¥Îm àm§ewnmb… g§ñH¥$V àmÜ`mnH$:, Ý`mfZb² H$mboO² ~gdZJw{S> ~|Jiÿ>é&

2. S>m. Oo.lr[Zdmg_y[V©…, [Zd¥Îm àm§ewnmb… E§.B.Eg².H$mboO², _„oœa§, ~o“byé&à_wI_mJ©Xe©H$m¡-lr hoM².EZ². JmonmbH¥$îU…, ì`dñWmnH${ZX}eH$:, H$.n.nw.g”:([a), ~o“byé&lr Eg². {O. ZmJoe…, Cn{ZX}eH$:, H$.n.nw. g”: ([a) ~o“byé&g§`mo{OH$mlr_Vr Eg².EZ².brbmdVr, Áòð>>ghm`H${ZX}{eH$m, H$.n.nw.g”:([a), ~o“byé&

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H«$.g§. nmR>m… n¥ð>>g§»`mJUoe§ Ôo_ 1

1. àW_… nmR>… dUm©… 2

2. {ÛVr`… nmR>… {XZM`m© g§»`m M 11

3. V¥Vr`… nmR>… ghdmg… 19

4. MVwW©… nmR>… Zr{V~moY… (H$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…) 26

5. n#m_… nmR>… Amamo½`^m½`_²> 34

6. fð>… nmR>… àho{bH$m… 42

7. gá_… nmR>… OrdZgm\$ë`_² 51

8. Aï>_… nmR>… MVwa… H$m{bXmg… 56

9. Zd_… nmR>… gpÝY… 64

10. Xe_… nmR>… Jwd©ï>H$_²> (H$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…) 72

11. EH$mXe… nmR>… Xwamem\$b_² 78

12. ÛmXe… nmR>… {gÕ^y{_… {gÕJ“m 84

13. Ì`moXe… nmR>… npÊS>V^mñH$a… 91

14. MVwX©e… nmR>… g_mg… 97

15. n#mXe… nmR>… VnmodZm{^J_Z_² 100

16. fmoS>>e… nmR>… gw~ÝVm… 109

17. gáXe… nmR>… {VL>ÝVm… 121

18. Aï>mXe… nmR>… nÌboIZ_² 131

19. ZdXe… nmR>… à~ÝY… 136

20. qde… nmR>… AZwdmX… 138

nmR>mZwH«$_{UH$m

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H«$.g§. nmR>m… n¥ð>>g§»`mnyaH$nmRm>…

1. na_H$mé{UH$… _h{f©… 139

2. {^jwH$ñ` ñdßZ… 141

3. EH$bì`ñ` Jwé^{º$: 143

4. A¸$_hmXodr 145

n[a{eï>_²

1. dmŠàMZmH$m¡eb_² 147

2. nXH$moe… 150

3. àíZn{ÌH$mñdê$n_² 155

4. AmH$aJ«ÝWm… 157

5. nmR>`moOZm 158

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JUoe§ Ôo_

AO§ {Z{d©H$ën§ {ZamH$ma_oH§$

{ZamZÝX_mZÝX_Û¡VnyU©_²>Ÿ&

na§ {ZJw©U§ {Z{d©eof§ {Zarh§

na~«÷ê$n§ JUoe§ Ôo_ Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

JwUmVrV_mZ§ {MXmZÝXê$n§

{MXm^mgJ§ gd©J§ kmZJå`_²>Ÿ&

_w{ZÜò`_mH$meê$n§ naoe§

na~«÷ê$n§ JUoe§ Ôo_Ÿ&& 2Ÿ&&

OJËH$maU§ H$maUkmZê$n§

gwamqX gwImqX JwUoe§ JUoe_²>Ÿ&

OJX²ì`m{nZ§ {dœdÝÚ§ gwaoe§Ÿ&

na~«÷ê$n§ JUoe§ Ôo_ Ÿ&& 3Ÿ&&

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àW_… nmR>…

dUm©…

g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ 48 (Aï>MËdm[aëV²>) dUm©… gpÝVŸ& Vofw Ì`…

àH$mam…-

1. ñdam… 2. A`moJdmhm¡ 3. ì`ÄOZm{Z M

A B

C F$ b¥

Am B© D$

G$ E Eo

Amo Am¡

dUm©…

ñdam… - 13 A`moJdmhm¡ - 2 ì`ÄOZm{Z - 33

ñdVÝÌV`m CÀMm`©_mUm… dUm©… "ñdam…'Ÿ&

õñdñdam… - 05 XrK©ñdam… - 08

AZwñdma… A§A`moJdmhm¡ - 02

{dgJ©… A…

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ì`ÄOZm{ZAY©_mÌmH$mboZ CÀMm`©_mU… dU©… ì`ÄOZ_²>Ÿ& AÌ àYmZV`m Ûm¡ {d^mJm¡

ñV…Ÿ& `Wm -

H$²> I²

M² N>²

Q>² R>²

V² W²

n² \$²

J² K² L>²

O² P² Äm²

S>² T>² U²

X² Y² Z²

~² ^² _²

dJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z - 25

H$H©$eì`ÄOZm{Z _¥Xwì`ÄOZm{Z

L² Äm² U² Z² _²

`² a² b² d² h²e² f² g²

AdJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z - 08

AZwZm{gH$m{Z - 05

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AënàmmUì`ÄOZm{Z

H$² J² L>² `²M² O² Äm² a²Q>² S>² U² b²V² X² Z² d²n² ~² _²

`ñ` dU©ñ` CÀMmaUo AënàmU… (dm`w…)n`m©á… ^d{V g… AënàmU…Ÿ&dJm©Um§ àW_-V¥Vr` -n#m_mjam{UŸ& AdJu`m{U AmÚm{Z

MËdm[a Ajam{U MŸ&

_hmàmUì`ÄOZm{Z

I² K² e²N>² P² f²R>² T>² g²W² Y² h²\$² ^²

`ñ` dU©ñ` CÀMmaUo A{YH$àmU… (dm`w…)

Anoú`Vo g… _hmàmU…Ÿ&

dJm©Um§ {ÛVr`-MVwW© -

Ajam{U, AdJu`m{U

ApÝV_m{Z MËdm[a Ajam{U MŸ&

_mhoídagyÌm{U

Z¥ËVmdgmZo ZQ>amOamOmo ZZmX T>ŠH$m§ Zdn#mdma_²>Ÿ&CÕVw©H$m_… gZH$m{X{gÕmZoV{Û_e} {edgyÌOmb_²>Ÿ&&

òZmjag_måZm`_{YJå` _hoídamV²>Ÿ&H¥$ËñZ§ ì`mH$aU§ àmoŠV§ Vñ_¡ nm{UZò Z_…Ÿ&&

1. A, B, C, U²> 2. G$, b¥, H$²> 3. E, Amo, L²> 4. Eo, Am¡, M²> 5. h, `, d, a, Q²> 6. bU²> 7. Äm, _, L>, U, Z, _²> 8. P, ^, Äm² 9. K, T>, Y, f²> 10. O, ~, J, S>, X, e²> 11. I, \$, N>, R>, W, M, Q>, V, d²> 12. H$, n, `²> 13. e, f, g, a²> 14. h, b²

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_hoídamV²> AmJVm{Z EVm{Z _mhoídagyÌm{UŸ& EV¡… gyÌ¡… AM²>, hb²>, AH$²>,

BH$²>, Ù²> BË`mX`… àË`mhmam… {H«$`ÝVoŸ&

CXm: AH²$ àË`mhmao A,B,C,U², G$,b¥, H$² Ajam{U ^dpÝVŸ&

Jw{UVmjam{U

EHo$Z ì`ÄOZoZ gh EH$… ñda… g“ÀN>Vo MoV²> VV²> Jw{UVmja§ ^d{VŸ&

{M•_²> - m [ r w y ¥ ¦ b¥ o ¡ mo m¡ § …

ì`ÄOZ_²> H$²> H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$² H$²

ñda… A Am B B© C D$ F$ G$ b¥ E Eo Amo Am¡ A§ A…

à`moJ… Jw{UVmja_²>

H$ H$m {H$ H$s Hw$ Hy$ H¥$ H¦$ Šb¥ Ho$ H¡$ H$mo H$m¡ H§$ H…

g§`wŠVdUm©…

AZoH$ì`ÄOZg§`moJmV²> g§`wŠVmja§ ^d{VŸ&ì`ÄOZ_²> + ì`ÄOZ_²> = g§`wŠVdU©…`Wm H$²> + H$²> = ŠH²> - Hw$ŠHw$Q>…Am`©… = a²> + `² + A… = `© Ý`m`… =Z²> + ` + Am = Ý`m {d¿Z… = K²> + Z² + A = ¿Z… Aï> =f²> + Q>² + A = ï> ûcmoH$…= e²> + b² + Amo = ûcmo kmZ_²>- O²> + Äm² + Am = km

Ðm¡nXr = X²> + a² + Am¡ = Ðm¡ Jm`Ìr = V²> + a² + B© = Ìr

BÝÐ… = Z²> + X²> + a² + A… = ÝÐ…

Cï´>…= f²> + Q²> + a² + A… = ï´>…

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Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIVŸ&

1. g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ H${V dUm©… gpÝV ?

2. ñdam… Ho$ ?

3. AZwZm{gH$m{Z H$m{Z ?

4. dJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z H${V gpÝV ?

5. õñdñdam… XrK©ñdam… M Ho$ ?

6. Jw{UVmja§ Zm_ {H$_²> ?

2. dUm©Zm§ g§`moOZ§ Hw$éVŸ&

1. a²> + Am + _²> + Am + ² + A + U² + A + _² = ............

2. d² + ² + A + Äm² + O² + A + Z² + Am + Z² + B = ............

3. A + ²> + Amo + J²> + A + d² + Am + h² + Am¡ = ............

4. A + d² + A + a² + J² + B© + ²> + A… = ............

5. A + H$² + f² + A + a² + A + _² = ............

3. AënàmU-_hmàmUmjam{U n¥WH$²> Hw$éVŸ&

Y - J - O - I - Q> - W

H$ - \$ - P - M - ` - g>

AënàmUm…

_hmàmUm…

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4. dUm©Z²> n¥WH$²> H¥$Ëdm {bIVŸ&

1. ~mbH$… = ...................................................

2. ^dZ_²> = ...................................................

3. Am¡fY_²> = ..................................................

4. eHw$ÝVbm = .................................................

5. _hm^maV_²> = ...............................................

6. dmgdXÎmm = ................................................

dUm©Zm_²> CËn{ÎmñWmZ_²

dU©ñ` CËn{ÎmñWmZ_²> CÀMm[aVm… dUm©…

H$ÊR>… A-Am H$²>-I²-J²-K²-L>² h² …Vmbw B-B© M²-N>²-O²-P²-Äm² `² e²_yYm© F$-G$ Q>²-R>²-S>²-T>²-U² a² f²XÝVm… b¥ V²-W²-X²-Y²-Z² b² g²Amoð>m¡ C-D$ n²-\$²-~²-^²-_²> - -

H$ÊR>-Amoð>m¡ Amo-Am¡ - - -H$ÊR>-Vmbw E-Eo - - -XÝV-Amoð>_²> - - d² -

AdYo`m§e…

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{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. H$Q>… Ia… JO… KQ>…Ma… N>X… OS>… Pf…VQ>… Za… nQ>… ~H$…_R>… `_… aW… bd…ee… ga… h`… OZ…AmVn… AMb… B©e… D$fa…F$f^… AmoXZ… ES>H$… Am¡fY_²>ObO_²> JJZ_²> ^wdZ_²> \$b_²>Z`Z_²> ^dZ_²> dXZ_²> bdU_²>

H$_b_²> bmoMZ_²> ZJa_²> gXZ_²>

II. H$ - M - Q> - V - n dJu`dUm©Z²> {bIVŸ&

H$

M

Q>

V

n

ì`ÄOZ_²> + ì`ÄOZ_²> = g§`wŠVdU©…

`Wm-H$²> + H$² + A = ŠH$ = Hw$ŠHw$a…

CÀM¡… nR>V

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III. CXmhaUmZwgma§ {Ìdma§ {bIV

H$²> + H$ = ŠH$ - Hw$ŠHw$a… Hw$ŠHw$a… Hw$ŠHw$a… Hw$ŠHw$a…

a²> + H$ = H©$ - AH©$… ......... ......... .........

V²> + I = ËI - CËIZZ_²> ......... ......... .........

‹S>²> + J = S²>J> - IS²>J… ......... ......... .........

L>>²> + K = ” - g”… ......... ......... .........

L>²> + H$ = ‘> - A‘>… ......... ......... .........

M²> + M = ÀM - CÀM¡… ......... ......... .........

M²> + N>> = ÀN> - JwÀN>… ......... ......... .........

O²> + O = ÁO - gÁOZ… ......... ......... .........

a²> + P = P© - {ZP©a… ......... ......... .........

O²> + Äm> = k - kmZ_²> ......... ......... .........

U²> + Q> = ÊQ>> - KÊQ>m ......... ......... .........

f²> + R>> = ð> - fð>… ......... ......... .........

S>²> + S> = È> - CÈ>`Z_²> ......... ......... .........

f²> + U = îU - CîU_²> ......... ......... .........

V²> + V = Îm$ - CÎm_… ......... ......... .........

V²> + W = ËW$ - CËWmZ_²> ......... ......... .........

Z²> + X = ÝX$ - MÝXZ_²> ......... ......... .........

X²> + Y = Õ - `moÕm ......... ......... .........

V²> + Z = ËZ$ - aËZ_²> ......... ......... .........

V²> + n = Ën$ - CËnb_²> ......... ......... .........

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a²> + n = n©$ - gn©… ......... ......... .........

_²> + \$ = å\$$ - Jwå\$… ......... ......... .........

a²> + ~ = ~©$ - Xw~©b… ......... ......... .........

a²> + ^ = ^©$ - A^©H$… ......... ......... .........

X²> + _ = Ù$ - nÙ_²> ......... ......... .........

J²> + ` = ½`$ - ^m½`_²> ......... ......... .........

O²> + a = O« - dO«_²> ......... ......... .........

_²> + a = _«$ - Am_«_²> ......... ......... .........

H$²> + b = Šb$ - ewŠb… ......... ......... .........

h²> + b = ‡$ - Am‡mX… ......... ......... .........

V²> + d = Ëd$ - gËda_²> ......... ......... .........

e²> + d = œ$ - Aœ…> ......... ......... .........

H$²> + f = j$ - ajm ......... ......... .........a²> + f = f©$ - hf©… ......... ......... .........V²> + g = Ëg$ - CËgmh… ......... ......... .........

a²> + h = h©$ - Ah©Vm ......... ......... .........

nR>V

`§ e¡dm… g_wnmgVo {ed B{V ~«÷o{V doXmpÝVZmo

~m¡Õm ~wÕ B{V à_mUnQ>d… H$V}{V Z¡`m{`H$m…Ÿ&

Ah©{ÞË`W O¡ZemgZaVm… H$_}{V _r_m§gH$m…

gmo@`§ dmo {dXYmVw dmpÄN>V\$b§ Ì¡bmoŠ`ZmWmo {d^w…Ÿ&&

*****

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g_`…{ÛVr`… nmR>…

{XZM`m© g§»`m M

__ Zm_ e‘>a…Ÿ& Ah§ àmV… fS²>dmXZo

C{Îmð>m{_Ÿ&

AZÝVa§ gnmXfS²>dmXZo XÝVYmdZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

_wIàjmbZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ& VV… gy`©Z_ñH$ma§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

gmY©fS²>dmXZo ñZmZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ& AZÝVa§

nmR>§ nR>m{_Ÿ& J¥hH$m`ª H$amo{_Ÿ&

n#m-D$Z-ZddmXZo Aënmhma§

ñdrH$amo{_Ÿ&

n#mm{YH$ZddmXZo {dÚmb`§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ&

VÌ nmR>mZ²> nR>m{_Ÿ&

_Ü`m•o gmY©ÛmXedmXZo ^moOZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

gm`‘>mbo gmY©MVwdm©XZo H«$sS>m“Uo H«$sS>m{_Ÿ&

gnmXfS²>- dmXZo {dÚmb`V… J¥h_² >AmJÀN>m{_Ÿ&

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amÌm¡ gnmXgádmXZo ^moOZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ& AZÝVa§

n#mmoZXedmXZn ©ÝV§ nmR>mZ²> nR>m{_Ÿ& XedmXZo

e`Z§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

g§»`m…

nw§{b“… ór{b“… Znw§gH${b“…1. EH$… EH$m EH$_²>2. Ûm¡ Ûo Ûo3. Ì`… {Vò… Ìr{U4. MËdma… MVò… MËdm[a

5. n#m

6. fQ²>

7. gá

8. Aï>

9. Zd

10. Xe

11. EH$mXe

12. ÛmXe

13. Ì`moXe

14. MVwX©e

15. n#mXe

16. fmoS>e

17. gáXe

18. Aï>mXe

19. ZdXe

20. qde{V…

21. EH$qde{V…

22. Ûmqde{V…

23. Ì`moqde{V…

24. MVw{dªe{V…

25. n#mqde{V…

26. fS²>qde{V…

27. gáqde{V…

28. Aï>mqde{V…

29. EH$moZqÌeV²>

30. {Ìe§V²>

31. EH$qÌeV²>

32. ÛmqÌeV²>

33. Ì`{ñÌ§eV²>

34. MVw{ñÌ§eV²>

35. n#mqÌeV²>

36. fQ²>qÌeV²>

37. gáqÌeV²

38. Aï>mqÌeV²>

39. EH$moZMËdm[aëV²

40. MËdm[aëV²

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41. EH$MËdm[aëV²>

42. {ÛMËdm[aëV²

43. {ÌMËdm[aëV²

44. MVwíMËdm[aëV²>

45. n#mMËdm[aëV²>

46. fQ²>MËdm[aëV>²

47. gáMËdm[aëV²>

48. Aï>MËdm[aëV²

49. EH$moZn#mmeV²>

50. n#mmeV²>

51 EH$n#mmeV²

52 [Ûn#mmeV²

53 [Ìn#mmeV²

54 MVwîn#mmeV²

55 n#mn#mmeV²

56 fQ²n#mmeV²

57 gán#mmeV²

58 Aïn#mmeV²

59 Zdn#mmeV²

60 f[ï:

61 EH$f[ï:

62 [Ûf[ï:

63 [Ìf[ï:

64 MVwîf[ï:

65 n#mf[ï:

66 fQ²f[ï:

67 gáf[ï:

68 Aïf[ï:

69 Zdf[ï:

70 gá[V:

71 EH$gá[V:

72 [Ûgá[V:

73 [Ìgá[V:

74 MVwñgá[V:

75 n#mgá[V:

76 fQ²gá[V:

77 gágá[V:

78 Aïgá[V:

79 Zdgá[V:

80 Aer[V:

81 EH$mer[V:

82 Û²èr[V:

83 Íèr[V:

84 MVwaer[V:

85 n#mmer[V:

86 fS>er[V:

87 gámer[V:

88 Aïmer[V:

89 Zdmer[V:

90 Zd[V:

91 EH$Zd[V:

92 [ÛZd[V:

93 [ÌZd[V:

94 MVwZ©d[V:

95 n#mZd[V:

96 fÊUd[V:

97 gáZd[V:

98 AïZd[V:

99 ZdZd[V:

100 eV_²

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Aä`mg…

1. CXmhaUmZwgma§ g_`_²> Aja¡… {Z{X©eVŸ&

CXm - 10.15 - gnmXXedmXZ_²>

1. 11.30 = ____________2. 1.55 = ____________3. 2.10 = ____________4. 4.50 = ____________5. 5.05 = ____________6. 7.30 = ____________

2. CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

CXm- 1 g… 5-30 C{Îmð>{V/C{Îmð>{g/C{Îmð>m{_

2 gm 6-45 ñZmZ§ H$amo{_/H$amo{V/Hw$d©pÝV

3 Ah_² 7-15 J¥hH$m`ª H$amo{V/H$amo{_/Hw$_©…

4 Ëd_² 8-30 Aënmhma§ ñdrH$amo{V/ñdrH$amo{_/ñdrH$amo{f

5 ^dmZ²> 9-15 {dÚmb`§ JÀN>{V/JÀN>m{_/JÀN>pÝV

6 ^dVr 12-45 ^moOZ§ H$amo{V/H$amo{_/Hw$_©…

7 d`_²> 4-15 Iob{V/Iobm{_/Iobm_…

8 ~mbm… 6-30 J¥h_²> AmJÀN>pÝV/AmJÀN>m{_/JÀN>{V

9 ~m{bH$m… 10-00 e`Z§ H$amo{V/Hw$_©…/Hw$d©pÝV

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CXm - 1. g… gmY©n#mdmXZo C{Îmð>{VŸ&

2. gm nmXmoZgádmXZo ñZmZ§ H$amo{VŸ&

3. Ah_² ........... ........... >Ÿ&

4. Ëd_² ........... ...........&

5. ^dmZ²> ........... ...........&

6. ^dVr ........... ...........&

7. d`_²>> ........... ...........&

8. ~mbm… ........... ...........&

9. ~m{bH$m… ........... ...........&

3. [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&

2) ~«÷m ............ & 2) ............ ZoÌoŸ&

3) XeaWñ` .......... ^m`m©…& 4) XeaWñ` ........ nwÌm…Ÿ&

5) ............ {d^ŠV`:Ÿ& 6) ............ {XŠnmbH$m:&

(Aï> - Ûo - {Vò: - gá - EH$… - MËdma:)

4. g§`moO`VŸ&

A Am CÎmam{U

1. gá{d§e{V… dmgam: 1. ............

2. n#mXe ame`: 2. ............

3. ÛmXe ZjÌm{U 3. ............

4. gá {VW`: 4. ............

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5. nXm{Z ApÝdî` {bIVŸ&

1) - ~mbH$m¡

2) - {dÚmb`:

3) - _mJm©:

4) - \$bm{Z

*****

AdYo`m§e…

dmga:

1. Am{XË`dmga: - ^mZwdmga: 4. ~wYdmga: - gm¡å`dmga:

2. gmo_dmga: - BÝXþdmga: 5. Jwédmga: - ~¥hñn{Vdmga:

3. _“bdmga: - Hw$Odmga: 6. ewH«$dmga: - ^mJ©ddmga:

7. e{Zdmga: - pñWadmga:

{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. _ÄOyfmV: g_rMrZ§ nX§ {MËdm [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V

nmR>§, H$m`©_² àmV:, gmY©MVwdm©XZo, Zd,

1. H$mdoar ................ Cnhma_² ñdrH$amo{V &

2. N>mÌm: embmV: ................ J¥h_² AmJÀN>pÝV &

3. ~mbH$m¡ n#mdmXZo ................ nR>V: &

4. àmV: ................ dmXZo embm§ JÀN>m_: &

5. d`§ lÕ`m ................ Hw$_©: &

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II. ànaø: naø: ø: AÚ œ: naœ: ànaœ:

1. œ: _“bdmga:& 4. ø: ^mZwdmga: &

2. naœ: ~wYdmga:& AÚ gmo_dmga:& 5. naø: e{Zdmga: &

3. ànaœ: Jwédmga:& 6. ànaø: ewH«$dmga:&

[aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V

1. AÚ Jwé dmga: & 2. ø: & 3. naø: & 4. ànaø: &5. œ: &6. naœ: &7. ànaœ: &

III. gå`H²$ `moO`V&

ÛmXe_mgm… fQ²> F$Vd…

1. M¡Ì… {e{ea…

2. d¡emI…

3. Áòð>… ho_ÝV…

4. AmfmT>…

5. lmdU… eaV²

6. ^mÐnX…

7. Amíd`wO… dfm©

8. H$m{Îm©H$…

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9. _mJ©{ea… } J«rî_…

10. nwî`…

11. _mK… } dgÝV…

12. \$mëJwU…

IV. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&

nw§{b“: ñÌr{b“: Znw§gH${b“:

CXm : 1. MËdma: - ~mbH$m: MVò: - ~m{bH$m: MËdm[a - \$bm{Z

2. ........ ñ`yVm: ........ boIÝ`: ........ {MÌm{U

3. ........ N>mÌm: ........ bVm: ........ nUm©{Z

4. ........ J«ÝWm: ........ _mbm: ........ ^dZm{Z

5. ........ Xrnm: ........ AÜ`m{nH$m: ........ J¥hm{U

6. ........ d¥jm: ........ emIm: ........ CÚmZm{Z

V. {MÌ§ Ñï²>dm [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V -Ÿ

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bQ²>bH$ma…V¥Vr`… nmR>…

ghdmg…

H${üV²> Mmoa… ApñVŸ& Mm¡`©_²> Ed Vñ` H$m`©_²>Ÿ& H$Xm{MV²> g… Mm¡`m©Wª amO^dZ§ à{de{VŸ& _hmamkr _hmamO… M nañna§ dmVm©bmn§ Hw$éV…Ÿ&

amkr - ""_hmamO ! ^dV… nwÌr {ddmhd`ñH$m B{V ñ_a{V {H$b?''

amOm - ""{à o ! ñ_am{_ VV²>Ÿ& gd©_²> A{n H$mbo gå^d{VŸ& {H$_W©_²> BXmZt Ëdam''Ÿ?

amkr - ""BXmZt `wŠV… H$mb… EdŸ& VXWª erK«§ damÝdofU§ H$amoVw''Ÿ&

amOm - ""^Ðo, {MÝVm {H$_W©_²>? Amd`mo… nwÌr gwÝXar ApñVŸ& AV… Vñ`m… {ddmh{dfò {MÝVm _mñVw''Ÿ&

amkr - ""qH$ VmdV²> gab… ApñV {ddmh… ? VmÑem… dam… Hw$Ì gpÝV?''

amOm - ""ZJañ` g_rno F$î`ml_… ApñV {H$bŸ! VÌ `mo½`m… F${fHw$_mam… {ZdgpÝVŸ& Vo {dÚmdÝV… Yr_ÝV… MŸ& VÌ JËdm nwÍ`m… {Z{_Îm§ `mo½`dañ` AÝdofU§ H$amo{_Ÿ&''

amkr - ""VÌ gwÝXam… dam… gpÝV dm ? Ah_²> A{n Ðïw>_²> BÀN>m{_Ÿ& H$Xm

JÀN>m_?''

amOm - ""BXmZt __ amOH$m`m©{U gpÝVŸ& H {Vn`[XZmZÝVa§ JÀN>m_''Ÿ&

Mmoa… EVV²> gdª e¥Umo{VŸ& g… {MÝV`{V - ""Ah_²> BXmZt Mm¡ ª Z H$amo{_Ÿ&

F$î`ml_§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ& F${fHw$_ma… Bd AmMam{_Ÿ& amOm VÌ AmJÀN>{VŸ& _m§

ní`{VŸ& __ nwÍ`m… Ef… Ed da… ^dVw B{V A“rH$amo{VŸ& ^{dî`§ H$mo dm

OmZm{V? BXmZt Mm¡`}U {H${#mV²> YZ§ àmßZmo{_Ÿ& amOnwÍ`m… n{V… ^dm{_ MoV²>,

g_J«§ amÁ`_² Ed àmßZmo{_'' B{VŸ&

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Mmoa… F$î`ml_§ JÀN>{VŸ& F${fHw$_ma… Bd ì`dha{VŸ& à{V{XZ§ àmV…H$mbo

erK«_²> C{Îmð>{VŸ& ZXrOboZ ñZmZ§ H$amo{VŸ& gd©Xm XodÜ`mZ§ H$amo{VŸ& nyOm_²>

AÜ``Z§ moJmä`mg§ M H$amo{VŸŸ& n[aUm_mV²> Mmoañ` _Z… F${fOrdZo AmgŠV_²>Ÿ&

n#mXe{XZmZm_²> AZÝVa§ amOm F$î`ml_§ JÀN>{VŸ& gdm©Z²> A{n

F${fHw$_mamZ²> n[aerb`{VŸ& Mmoa§ ní`{VŸ& "Ef… Ed da… ^dVw' B{V _Zgm

{ZU©`§ H$amo{VŸŸ& Mmoag_rn§ JËdm àmW©`{VŸ- ""Am`©Ÿ& H¥$n`m ^dmZ²> __ nwÍ`m…

nm{UJ«hU§ H$amoVw'' B{VŸ&

VXmZt Mmoa… dX{V - ""nyd©_²> EVXW©_²> Ed _`m à`ËZ… H¥$V…Ÿ& {H$ÝVw

AÌ Aml_o F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ Ah§ {ddoH§$ àmádmZ²>Ÿ& AV… BXmZr_²> Ah§

^moJ§ Z BÀN>m{_'' B{VŸ&

Ed§ gÁOZghdmgoZ Mmoa… A{n F${fHw$_ma… Bd {Z…ñn¥h… g§d¥Îm…Ÿ&

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Aä`mg…


1. Mmoa… Mm¡`m©Wª Hw$Ì à{de{V ?

2. F$î`ml_o H$… F${fHw$_ma… Bd AmMa{V?

3. amOm H$mZ²> n[aerb`{V ?

4. Mmoa… F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ qH$ àmádmZ²>?


1. nwÍ`m… {Z{_Îm§ ............. AÝdofU§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

2. BXmZt __ ............. H$m`m©{U gpÝVŸ&

3. __ nwÍ`m… Ef… Ed .............. ^dVwŸ&

4. AV… BXmZr_²> Ah§ .............. Z BÀN>m{_Ÿ&

3. {déÕmW©H$nXm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. ApñV 2. erK«_²> 3. gab_²> 4. `mo½`m…

4. g_mZmW©H$nXm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. Mmoa… 2. ^dZ_²> 3. H$mb… 4. erK«_²>

5. g§`moO`VŸ&

A Am

1. amO^dZ_²> H$amo{V

2. dmVm©bmn_²> à{de{V

3. YZ_²> n[aerb`{V

4. F${fHw$_mamZ²> àmßZmo{V

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6. àý{Z_m©U§ Hw$éVŸ& (aoIm{‘>VnXm{Z Adbåã`)

1. Mm¡`©H$aU§ Mmoañ` H$m`©_²>Ÿ&

2. Aml_o `mo½`m… F${fHw$_mam… {ZdgpÝVŸ&

3. Mmoa… ZXrOboZ ñZmZ§ H$amo{VŸ&

4. Mmoa… F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ {ddoH§$ àmádmZ²>Ÿ&

7. dmŠèwqÕ Hw$éVŸ&

1. Mmoa… Mm¡`m©Wª amO^dZ§ à{depÝVŸ&

2. VmÑem… da… Hw$Ì gpÝVŸ&

3. Ah_²> A{n Ðïw>_²> BÀN>{VŸ&

4. _hmamO… gdm©Z²> A{n F${fHw$_ma… n[aerb`{VŸ&

8. AÝ`{b“nX§ {bIVŸ&

1. gwÝXa… 2. Hw$_ma… 3. nwÌr 4. gÄOmV…

9. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&

1. Mmoa… Mm¡`m©Wª X[aÐJ¥h§ à{de{VŸ&

2. nwÍ`m… {Z{_Îm§ `mo½`dañ` AÝdofU§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

3. Mmoa… F${fHw$_ma… Bd Z AmMa{VŸ&

4. F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ Mmoa… {ddoH§$ àmádmZ²>Ÿ&

10. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m dm

{bIV&

1. Mmoañ` _Zg… n[adV©Z§ H$W_²> A^dV²>?

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AdYo`m§e…

gá-H$H$mam…

{H$_²

H${V

H$Xm

Hw$Ì

Hw$V:

{H$_W©_²

H$W_²?* ^dV… Zm_ [H$_² ?

__ Zm_.....&

* nmR>embm Hw$Ì A[ñV ?

nmR>embm J«m_o A[ñV &

* `ÝÌmJmao H$[V H$_©H$am… gpÝV?

`ÝÌmJmao [d§e[V… H$_©H$am… gpÝV &

* [eew… H$Xm e`ZmV² C[Îmð>[V?

[eew… gádmXZo e`ZmV² C[Îmð>[V&

* Am_«\$b§ Hw$V… nV[V ?

Am_«\$b§ d¥jmV² nV[V &

* ~m[bH$m H$W§ Jm`[V ?

~m[bH$m _Ywa§ Jm`[V &

* Aå~m [H$_Wª [dn[U§ JÀN>[V?

Aå~m ZyVZdóm[U H«o$Vw§ [dn[U§ JÀN>[V &

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{H«$`mH$bmn…

dV©_mZH$mb… (bQ²>bH$ma…)

AÌ Vw {H«$`m AmaãYm Ed Z Vw g_mámŸ& gm dV©_mZH$mbËdoZ {Z{X©í`VoŸ& dV©_mZH$mb… bQ²> BË`{n ì`d{õ`VoŸ&

1. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIVŸ&

EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²>CXm - hg{V hgV… hgpÝV

1) {bI{V ........ ........2) H«$sS>m{_ ........ ........3) ........ Z`W… ........4) ........ ........ C{Îmð>pÝV5) {n~{g ........ ........6) ........ ........ Cn{dem_…7) ........ ñ_aW… ........8) ní`m{_ ........ ........9) ........ n¥ÀN>V… ........10) ....... {_bmd… ........

2. g§`moO`VŸ&

A Am CÎmam{U

1. _`yam… JÀN>{g

2. _oKm… nR>W

3. ~mbH$m¡ ~moY`{V

4. Ëd_²> JO©pÝV

5. `y`_²> {bImd…

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6. Amdm_²> YmdV…

7. Ah_²> Z¥Ë`pÝV

8. {ejH$… ImXm{_

3. H$V¥©nXmZwgma§ {H«$`mnX§ `moO`VŸ&

nwñVH§$

g…Vm¡Vo

Ah§Amdm_²>

d`_²>

{bI{V

nR>V…

ní`V…

nR>m{_

{bImd…

{bIm_…

ní`m{_

ní`pÝV

ñWmn`md…

nR>pÝV

{bIpÝV

ñWmn`V…

{bIm{_

ní`md…

{bIpÝV

ñWmn`pÝV

hgV…

******

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MVwW©… nmR>…

Zr{V~moY…

(H$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…)

1. H$mH$… H¥$îU… {nH$… H¥$îU… H$mo ôX… {nH$H$mH$`mo…Ÿ&

dgÝVH$mbo gåàmáo H$mH$… H$mH$… {nH$… {nH$…Ÿ&&

- Hw$db`mZÝX…

2. AW©Zme§ _ZñVmn§ J¥ho Xwü[aVm{Z MŸ&

d#mZ§ Mmn_mZ§ M _{V_mZ²> Z àH$meòV²>Ÿ&&

- gw^m{fVaËZ^mÊS>mJma…

3. H$mìèmñÌ{dZmoXoZ H$mbmo JÀN>{V Yr_Vm_²>Ÿ&

ì`gZoZ Vw _yIm©Um§ {ZÐ`m H$bhoZ dmŸ&&

- {hVmonXoe…

4. Zañ`mâU§ ê$n§ ê$nñ`mâU§ JwU…Ÿ&

JwUñ`mâU§ kmZ§ kmZñ`mâU§ j_mŸ&&

- gw^m{fVaËZg_wÀM`…

AÝd`mW©…1. H$mH$… = dm`g…, H¥$îU… = H¥$îUdU©…, {nH$… = H$mo{H$b…, H¥$îU… =

H¥$îUdU©…, {nH$H$mH$`mo… = H$mo{H$b - dm`g`mo…, H$mo ôX… = H$…

ì`Ë`mg…, (V`mo… g_mZ-dU©…) ({H$ÝVw) dgÝVH$mbo = dgÝVg_ò,

gåàmáo, (g{Þ{hVo) H$mH$… H$mH$…, {nH$… {nH$… = V`mo… ñdaôXoZ

n[aM`… km`VoŸ&

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2. _{V_mZ²> = ~w{Õ_mZ²>, AW©Zme_² = YZñ` Zme_²>, _ZñVmn_²=_Zg…

{MÝVm_², J¥ho = ñdJ¥ho {dÚ_mZ_², Xwü[aVm{Z = XwîH$m`m©{U, d#mZ_²> =

H$nQ>Vm_²>, An_mZ_²> = Ad_mZZ_²>, Z àH$meòV²> = Z àH$Q>òV²>, (gd}

fm§ g_rno Z dXoV²> BË`W©…)

3. Yr_Vm_²> = ~w{Õ_Vm_²>, H$mb… = g_`…, H$mìèmñÌ{dZmoXoZ =

H$mìèmómUm_²> AÜ``ZoZ {MÝVZoZ M, JÀN>{V = `m{V, (naÝVw)

_yIm©Um_²> = _yT>mZm_² (g_`…) ì`gZoZ = XwîH$m`}U, {ZÐ`m =

{ZÐmH$aUoZ, H$bhoZ = d¥Wm {ddmXoZ, JÀN>{V = `m{VŸ& (g_`ñ`

gXwn`moJ… H$aUr`… B{V ^md…)

4. Zañ` = _mZdñ`, AmâU§ ={d^yfU_², ê$n_² = gwê$n_²,

ê$nñ` = gwê$nñ`, AmâU_² = {d^yfU_², JwU… = gÒþU…,

JwUñ` = gÒþUñ`, AmâU_² = {d^yfU_², kmZ_² = gwkmZ_²,

kmZñ` = gwkmZñ` AmâU_² = {d^yfU_, j_m = X`m ^d{V B{V&

O`pÝV Vo gwH¥${VZmo ag{gÕm… H$drídam…Ÿ&

ZmpñV òfm§ è…H$mò Oam_aUO§ ^`_²Ÿ&&

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Aä`mg…


1. {nH$H$mH$`mo… ôX… H$Xm km`Vo ?

2. An_mZ§ H$… Z àH$meòV²>?

3. Zañ` AmâU§ {H$_²> ?

2. {b“-{d^{ŠV-dMZm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. Zme_² 2. {dZmoXoZ 3. {ZÐ`m 4. ^ŠVm`

3. aoIm{‘>VnXmZm§ àíZ{Z_m©U§ Hw$éVŸ&

1. {nH$H$mH$`mo… dU©… H¥$îU… ApñVŸ&

2. H$mìèmñÌ{dZmoXoZ Yr_Vm§ H$mb… JÀN>{VŸ&

3. ê$nñ` AmâU§ JwU…Ÿ&


1. An_mZ… 2. {_Ì_²> 3. H¥$îU…

5. n`m©`nXm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. H$mH$… 2. _{V… 3. {_Ì_²> 4. Za…

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6. g§`moO`VŸ&

A Am

1. J¥ho 1. _yIm©Um§ H$mb… JÀN>{V

2. {dZmoXoZ 2. kmZñ`mâU_²>

3. H$bhoZ 3. Xwü[aVm{Z Z àH$meZr`m{Z

4. j_m 4. Yr_Vm§ H$mb… JÀN>{V

7. MVwWª nX§ {bIVŸ&

1. JÀN>{V - AmJÀN>{VŸ& Z`{V .................Ÿ&

2. H$mH$… - àW_m{d^{º$…Ÿ& J¥ho .................Ÿ&

3. H$bhoZ - V¥Vr`m{d^{º$…Ÿ& doXmV²> ...............Ÿ&

4. _mZ_²> - An_mZ_²>Ÿ& ApñV ...............Ÿ&

8. g_yhoVanX§ {MZwVŸ&

1. X[aÐm`, {ZÐ`m, am_m`, lmo{Ì`m`Ÿ&

2. H$mH$…, {nH$…, J¥ho, H¥$îU…Ÿ&

3. _{V_mZ²>, AW©Zme_²>, _ZñVmn_²>, An_mZ_²>Ÿ&

9. AÝ`{b“ê$n§ {bIVŸ&

1. X[aÐ… 2. _mVm

10. g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m dm n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§

{bIVŸ&

1. Yr_Vm§ _yIm©Um§ M H$mb… H$W§ JÀN>{V ?

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AdYo`m§e…

gh - "gh' B{V nX§ `Ì à`wÁ`Vo VÌ V¥Vr`m{d^{ŠV: ^d{VŸ&

CXm : Ah§ {_ÌoU gh AmnU§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ&

nwÌr OZÝ`m gh JÀN>{V&

ewÕ_²> AewÕ_²>

VoZ gh Vñ` gh

_`m gh __ gh

OZÝ`m gh OZÝ`m: gh

am_oU gh am_ñ` gh

{dZm - "{dZm' B{V eãXñ` `moJo A{n V¥Vr`m{d^{ŠV: ^d{VŸ& (AÌ {ÛVr`m§

n#m_t M A{n à`moŠVw§ eŠZw_:)

CXm : 1) VoZ {dZm / V§ {dZm / Vñ_mV²> {dZm Ef: Z JÀN>{VŸ&

2) OboZ / Ob§ / ObmV²> {dZm _rZ: Z Ord{VŸ&

{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. [aŠVñWmZo dU©_oH§$ g§`moÁ` nX~ÝY§ Hw$éVŸ&

`w d O…

H$ `w J_²>

Xo d ^m

a qg h…

å~mo X a…

{d H$mo e…

nw a ÝX

_m V¥ {_…

(Z - am - fm - {b) (^y - b - a… - Îm)

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II. dU©H«$_§ {d{MÝË` nX§ aM`VŸ&

1) Xo Vmo {h n e…

2) j _w am g… Ðm

3) {d H$_²> _m A a

4) V_²> ^mo M O [a

CÎmam{U 1. .........................

2. .........................

3. .........................

4. .........................

III. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIVŸ&

1. J¥ho ............. .............Ÿ&

2. ì`gZoZ ............. .............Ÿ&

3. ^ŠVm` ............. .............Ÿ&

4. XmZmV²> ............. .............Ÿ&

5. ê$nñ` ............. .............Ÿ&

6. H$mH$… ............. .............Ÿ&

7. Vñ_¡ ............. .............Ÿ&

IV. ewÕ_²> CV AewÕ_²> B{V {bIVŸ&

1) {nVm nwÌoU gh ZJa§ JVdmZ²>Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

2) _mVm à{Vdo{eÝ`m gh _pÝXa§ JVdVrŸ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²

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3) g… nmXajm`m: {dZm JVdmZ²>Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

4) Ah§ ñ`yV: {dZm AmJVdmZ²>& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

5) ^{JZr aoI`m gh AmnU§ JVdVrŸ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

6) Ah§ eH©$a`m {dZm jra§ {n~m{_Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

7) YZñ` {dZm H$m`ª Z {gÕç{V& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

8) a_oe: {_ÌoU gh CnmhmaJ¥h§ JVdmZ²>& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

9) Vñ` {dZm V¥U_{n Z Mb{VŸ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

10) {nVm_h: ewZH$ñ` gh dm w{dhmamWª JVdmZ²>Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>

V. dmŠ`m{Z

gwaoe: g#mmaerb:Ÿ& g: H$Xm{MV²> AÝòZ gh JÀN>{VŸ& nwZ: H$Xm{MV²>

AÝòZ {dZm JÀN>{VŸ& AYñVZH$moð>Ho$ {M•§ "gh' B{V AWª, {M•§

"{dZm' B{V AWª M àXe©`{VŸ& VXmYmaoU dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

CXm - gwaoe: {_ÌoU gh {_ÌJ¥h§ JVdmZ²>Ÿ&

1) {_Ì_²> {_ÌJ¥h_²>

2) ^{JZr _mVwbJ¥h_²>

3) AZwO: {MÌ_pÝXa_²>

4) nËZr H$m`m©b`:

5) J¥hgXñ`m: CÚmZ_²>

6) H$_©H$a: joÌ_²>

7) H$aXrn: ajUmW©_²>

8) CnZoÌ_²> J«ÝWmb`:

9) ñ`yV: AmnU:

10) OZm: ^mfU§ lmoVw_²>

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VI. Z_: - Z_: BË`ñ` `moJo MVwWu{d^{ŠV: ^d{VŸ&

1) {_Ì

2) a{d

3) gy`©

4) ^mZw

5) IJ

6) {haÊ`J^©

7) _ar{M

8) Am{XË`

9) AH©$

10) ^mñH$a

11) gy`©ZmamÙ

CXm 1. g: {_Ìm` Z_: B{V dX{VŸ&

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

9.

10.

*****

g: Z_: B{V dX{V

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Añ_X²-`wî_X²-eãXm¡n#m_… nmR>…

Amamo½`^m½`_²>

(AÜ`mnH$… H$ú`m§ à{de{VŸ& N>mÌm… C{Îmð>pÝV Z_ñHw$d©pÝV M)

AmMm`© ! àUm_m…Ÿ!

AmMm`©… - ew^§ ^dVwŸ& gwà^mV_²>Ÿ& `y`§ gd} Cn{deVŸ&

(N>mÌm… Cn{depÝV)

_ZmoO… - AmMm`© ! Añ_mH§$ H$ú`mZm`H$… a_oe… AZwnpñWV…Ÿ&

AmMm`©… - {H$_Wª g… AZwnpñWV… ?

a{d… - g… CXadoXZ`m, ÁdaoU M nr{S>V… ApñVŸ&

AmMm`©… - ø… g… ñdñW… Ed AmgrV²> {H$b..... Ÿ!

a{d… - Am_²>! naÝVw g… embmJ_Zg_ o _mJ©ñ` nmíd} ImÚ§ Im{XVdmZ²>Ÿ&

VV²> ñWb_²> A{YH§$ _m{bÝ`nyU©_²> AmgrV²Ÿ&

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AmMm`©… - N>mÌm… ! J¥hmV²> ~{h… _mJ©nmíd}, VÌm{n _{bZàXoeo, {dH«${`H$m… ImÚñ` {dH«$Ù§ Hw$d©pÝVŸ& VÌ AmhmañdrH$aUoZ AñdmñÏ`§ Om`VoŸ& AV… Ah§ gd©Xm dXm{_ "VmÑeofw àXoeofw Amhma§ _m ImXV' B{VŸ&

{Xì`m - lr_Z²>! __ EH$… àíZ…Ÿ& àmV… gy`©Z_ñH$maH$aUoZ ñdmñÏ`ñ` ajU§ ^d{V {H$_²>?

AmMm`©… - Am_² ! Adí`§ ^dËòdŸ& `V… "Amamo½`§ ^mñH$am{XÀN>oV²' B{V dMZ§ à{gÕ_² ApñVŸ& AV… à{V{XZ§ àmV… Adí`§ gy`©Z_ñH$ma§ Hw$éVŸ&

gabm - AmMm © ! AmL²>½b^mfm`m_² A{n EH§$ à{gÕ§ dmŠ`_² ApñV Ibw! 'Prevention is better than cure' B{VŸ&

AmMm`©… - Am_² ! MaH$_hf}… dMZ_² A{n Ed_² ApñVŸ&

{dZm{n ôfO¡ì`m©{Y… nÏòZ¡d {ZdV©VoŸ&

Z {h nÏ`{dhrZmZm§ ôfOmZm§ eV¡a{nŸ&& B{VŸ&

Amamo½`{dfò kmVì`_²> BVmo@{n ~hþ ApñVŸ&

N>mÌ… - d`_{n A{YH§$ kmVw_²> BÀN>m_…Ÿ&

gw{_Ìm - AmMm`© ! __ {nVm gd©Xm dX{V, ""^moOZmÝVo VH«$godZ§ Hw$é' B{V, qH$ VÌ H$maU_² ?

AmMm`©… - CÎm_… àíZ…Ÿ& MaH$g§{hVm`m_² Ed_² ApñVŸ-

Z VH«$godr ì`WVo H$Xm{MV²

Z VH«$X½Ym… à^dpÝV amoJm…Ÿ&

`Wm gwamUm_² A_¥V§ {hVm`

VWm ZamUm§ ^w{d VH«$_mhþ…Ÿ&& B{VŸ&

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JwUoe… - lr_Z² ! H«$sS>ZoZm{n Añ_mH$_² Amamo½`ñ` ajU§ ^d{V dm?

AmMm`©… - Adí`§ ^d{VŸ& `V… "eara_mÚ§ Ibw Y_©gmYZ_²' B{V

H$m{bXmgmo{ŠV… à{gÕm ApñVŸ&

gwJwU… - AmMm`© ! earag§ajUoZ emaraH$ñdmñÏ`§ Vw ^d{V, {H$ÝVw

_mZ{gH$mamo½`_² ...........?

AmMm`©… - _mZm{gH$mamo½`§ `moJmä`mgoZ Om`VoŸ& AV… ewÕmhmagodZ`m,

ì`m`m_oZ, `moJmä`mgoZ M Amamo½`ñ` g§ajU§ ^d{VŸ&

AV… d`_² Amamo½`^m½`m` Ed§ àmW©`m_…Ÿ&

(N>mÌm… {_{bËdm Jm`pÝV)

lÕm§ _oYm§ è… àkm§ {dÚm§ ~wqÕ {l`§ ~b_²Ÿ&

Am`wî`§ VoO Amamo½`§ Xo{h _o H$éUmH$aŸ&&

"bmoH$m… g_ñVm… gw{IZmo ^dÝVw'

*****

Aä`mg…


1. a_oe… {H$_W©_²> AZwnpñWV…?

2. Ho$Z Amamo½`ñ` ajU§ ^d{V ?

3. Amamo½`§ H$ñ_mV² BÀN>oV² ?

4. VH«§$ Ho$fm§ {hVm` ^d{V ?

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2. `Wm{ZX}e§ {bIVŸ&

1. gy`©Z_ñH$maoU ñdmñÏ`ñ` ajU§ ^d{V {H$_²> ?

H$… nmR>… ? H$m n¥ÀN>{V ? H§$ n¥ÀN>{V ?

2. _mZ{gH$mamo½`§ `moJmä`mgoZ Om`VoŸ&

H$… nmR>… ? H$… dX{V ? H$mZ²> dX{V> ?


1. àmV… ............. Amamo½àjU§ ^d{VŸ&

2. Z {h .............. ôfOmZm§ eV¡a{nŸ&

3. bmoH$m… g_ñVm… .............. ^dÝVwŸ&

4. dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&

1. Añ_mH$_²> 2. gd©Xm 3. à{V{XZ_²


1. N>mÌ… 2. ñdñW… 3. à{gÜX… 4. {nVm


1. Ah§ - nR>m{_Ÿ& d`_² ............ Ÿ&

2. Ëd§ - dX{g & `y`§ ............Ÿ&

3. \$b_² - ApñVŸ& \$bm{Z ..........Ÿ&

4. {dÚmb`ñ` - fð>r{d^{ŠV…Ÿ& XyamV² ...........Ÿ&

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7. g_y>hoVanX§ {bIVŸ&

1. ^d{V - AmgrV²> - ApñV - à{de{VŸ&

2. gy`©… - nr{S>V… - ø… - AmMm`©…&

3. lÕm_²> - ~w{Õ_²> - kmZ_²> - {dÚm_²>&


1. ~{h… 2. A{YH$_² 3. CnpñWV… 4. A_¥V_²>

9. g§`moÁ` {bIVŸ&

1. Ah_²> {bImd…

2. Ëd_²> nR>W

3. `y`_²> H«$sS>{g

4. d`_²> ñ_apÝV

nR>m{_

JÀN>m_…

AdYo`m§e…

I. `m {H«$`m AmJm{_{Z H$mbo gå^{dVm VÌ b¥Q²>bH$ma…Ÿ&

CXm - 1) OZH$… ZJa§ J{_î`{VŸ&

2) ~m{bH$m ^moOZ§ H$[aî`{VŸ&

3) H$ÊR>nmR>ñnYm© ^{dî`{VŸ&

{d.gy.- l ^{dî`V²>H$mbo dV©_mZH$mbdV²> Ed àË``m… ^dpÝVŸ&

l YmVmo… àË``ñ` M _Üò "ñ`' `moÁ`VoŸ&

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l BH$mamV²> na§ g²> - f²> ^d{V (J_²> + B + ñ` (g²> + `) (f²> + `) + {V = J{_î`{V)

bQ²> b¥Q²>JÀN>{V J{_î`{VH$amo{V H$[aî`{V^d{V ^{dî`{V

l Ho$MZ YmVd… BH$ma§ Z àmßZwdpÝVŸ&

`Wm - Z`{V Zoî`{V Cn{de{V Cndoú`{V {n~{V nmñ`{V

OmZm{V kmñ`{V

^yYmVw… ^{dî`V² H$mb… b¥Q²> bH$ma…&nwéfm… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… ^{dî`{V ^{dî`V… ^{dî`pÝV_Ü`_nwéf… ^{dî`{g ^{dî`W… ^{dî`WCÎm_nwéf… ^{dî`m{_ ^{dî`md… ^{dî`m_…

{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ {bIVŸ&

Ah_²> / Amdm_²> / d`_²> / Apñ_ / ñd… / ñ_…

1. Ah§ ~mbH$… Apñ_Ÿ& Amdm§ ~mbH$m¡ ñd…Ÿ& d`§ ~mbH$m… ñ_…Ÿ&

2. ...... ...... .....Ÿ& ..... d¡Úm¡ .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&

3. ..... ..... .....& ..... ..... .....& ..... {ejH$m… .....&

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4. ..... ajH$… .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&

5. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... godH$m¡ .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&

6. Ah§ ~m{bH$m Apñ_Ÿ& Amdm§ ~m{bHo$ ñd…Ÿ& d`§ ~m{bH$m… ñ_…Ÿ&

7. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... _{hbo .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&

8. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....& ..... agZm… .....&

9. ..... go{dH$m .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....& ..... ..... .....&

10. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....& ..... {e{jH$m… .....&

II. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ {bIVŸ&

Ëd_²> / `wdm_²> / `y`_²> / A{g / ñW… / ñW

1. Ëd§ ~mbH$… A{gŸ& `wdm§ ~mbH$m¡ ñW…& `y`§ ~mbH$m… ñWŸ&

Ëd§ nR>{gŸ& `wdm§ nR>W…& `y`§ nR>WŸ&

2. Ëd§ ajH$… A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

Ëd§ aj{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

3. Ëd§ nmMH$… A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

Ëd§ nM{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

4. Ëd§ {ejH$… A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

Ëd§ nmR>`{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

5. Ëd§ Jm{`H$m A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

Ëd§ Jm`{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

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III. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ n[adV©`VŸ&

CXm - hg{V - h{gî`{V1. H«$sS>{V ..........2. ImX{V ..........3. ñ_a{V ..........4. nR>{V ..........5. AmMa{V ..........

IV. dmŠ`m{Z n[adV©`VŸ& (^{dî`V²H$mbo)

1. am_… nwñVH§$ nR>{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&2. ~mb… \$b§ ImX{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&3. {eî`… nmR>§ {bI{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&4. AJ«O… AmnU§ JÀN>{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&5. n`©Q>H$… ZJao g#ma{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&6. Jwé… J«ÝW§ Z`{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&

V. {H«$`mnXñ` BVadMZm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. H$[aî`{V ....... .......Ÿ& 2. _o{bî`{V ....... .......Ÿ&

3. ....... ....... H$[aî`WŸ& 4. ....... _o{bî`W… .......&

5. ....... H$[aî`md… .......Ÿ& 6. ....... ....... _o{bî`m_…Ÿ&

VI. eãXñ` BVadMZm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. embm_²> ............ ............Ÿ&2. ^{dî`{V ............ ............&3. H$ÊR>o ............ ............Ÿ&4. _hmamOñ` ............ ............Ÿ&

*****

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fð>… nmR>…

àho{bH$m…

1. e¡bOm nmd©Vr Zmpñ_ d¡îUdr Z h[a{à`mŸ&

_mVmh§ OrdZ§ XmÌr H$mpñ_ gm dad{U©ZrŸ&&

2. MVwînXm Z Jm¡apñ_ J¥hñWm Zmpñ_ Jo{hZrŸ&

^ynnpÊS>Vgä`mZm§ H$mh§ H$mÝVo{V àmoÀ`Vm_²>Ÿ&&

3. d¥jñ`mJo« \$b§ Ñï>§ \$bmJ«o d¥j Ed MŸ&

AH$mam{X gH$mamÝV§ `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&

4. H¥$îU_wIr Z _mOm©ar {Û{Oˆm Z M g{n©UrŸ&

n#m^Ìu Z nm#mmbr `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&

5. AnXmo XyaJm_r M gmjamo Z M npÊS>V…Ÿ&

A_wI… ñ\w$Q>dŠVm M `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&

6. Z Vñ`m{XZ©Vñ`mÝVmo _Üò `ñVñ` {Vð>{VŸ&

Vdmß`pñV __mß`pñV `{X OmZm{g VÛXŸ&&

n[ahma…

1. J“m_mVm 2. AmgpÝXH$m 3. AZmZg… 4. boIZr

5. nÌ_²> 6. Z`Z_²>

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VmËn`©_²>

1. Ah§ e¡bOm (nd©VamOñ` nwÌr) Apñ_, {H$ÝVw {edñ` nËZr nmd©Vr Z&

d¡îUdr Apñ_, {H$ÝVw hao… nËZr bú_r… ZŸ& gd}ä`… Ob§ XXm{_, V{h©

daXmÌr "Ah§ H$m' B{V H$Ï`Vm_²>Ÿ&

2. __ MËdma… nmXm… gpÝV, {H$ÝVw Zmh§ YoZw…Ÿ& gXm J¥ho Ed {Zdgm{_,

{H$ÝVw Zmh§ J¥{hUrŸ& ^yn{V… npÊS>V…, JÊ`m… BË`mXrZm§ gd}fm§ {à`m

Apñ_, V{h© "Ah§ H$m' B{V CÀ`Vm_²>Ÿ&

3. Ah§ H${üV² d¥j… Apñ_, __mJ«o \$b§ dV©Vo, nwZ… \$bñ` AJo« d¥j… Ed

A{ñVŸ& __ AmXm¡ AH$ma… ly`Vo, AÝVo gH$maü ly`VoŸ& V{h© H$mo@h_²

B{V `… dX{V g… npÊS>V…Ÿ&

4. __ _wI§ H¥$îUdU© wŠV_pñV, {H$ÝVw Zmh§ _mOm©arŸ& __ {OˆmÛ`_² ApñV,

{H$ÝVw Zmh§ g{n©UrŸ& n#m^Ìu Apñ_, {H$ÝVw Zmh§ Ðm¡nXrŸ& V{h© Ah§ H$m

B{V `… dXoV² g… npÊS>V… ^d{VŸ&

5. __ nmXm¡ Z ñV…, {H$ÝVw ~hþXya§ JÝVw§ eŠZmo{_& Zmh§ {dÚmä`mg§ H¥$VdmZ²,

{H$ÝVw Ajam{U n{R>Vw§ eŠZmo{_Ÿ& __ _wI_od ZmpñV, naÝVw ñnï>§

H$W`m{_Ÿ& V{h© H$mo@h_² B{V `… dXoV² g… Adí`§ npÊS>V… ^d{VŸ&

6. Amaåô (AmXm¡) "Z' B{V ly`Vo, _Üò "`' B{V ly`VoŸ& nwZ… AÝVo "Z'

B{V ly`VoŸ& ^dV… A{n VXpñV, __m{n VXpñV, V{h© VV² qH$ ñ`mV² ?

B{V H$Ï`Vm_²Ÿ&

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Aä`mg…


1. gm dad{U©Zr H$m ?

2. AmgpÝXH$m Ho$fm§ H$mÝVm ApñV ?

3. d¥jñ` AJo« qH$ Ñï>_² ?

4. n#m^Ìu {H$ÝVw nm#mmbr Z, gm H$m ?

2. {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&

1. H$mpñ_ 2. àmoÀ`Vm_² 3. d¥jñ`mJ«o 4. Aß`pñV

3. EVofm§ {H«$`mnXmZm§ ~hþdMZê$n§ {bIVŸ&

1. Apñ_ .............Ÿ&

2. OmZm{V .............Ÿ&

3. JÀN>{V ............Ÿ&

4. ApñV ............Ÿ&


1. _mVmh§ .............. XmÌrŸ&

2. d¥jñ`mJo« ............... Ñï>_²Ÿ&

3. ............... Z M g{n©UrŸ&

4. A_wI… ............... dŠVmŸ&

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5. EH$dMZê$n§ {bIVŸ&

CXm - H$m… - H$m

1. d`_² ............Ÿ&

2. `wî_mH$_² ............Ÿ&

3. OrdZm{Z ............&

4. ò ............ &

6. dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&

1. _mVm 2. OmZm{V 3. __

7. g§`moO`VŸ&

A Am

1. dad{U©Zr nÌ_²

2. H¥$îU_wIr Z _mOm©ar J“m_mVm

3. gmja… Z npÊS>V… boIZr


1. nmd©Vr - B©H$mamÝV…Ÿ& h[a{à`m - ..............Ÿ&

2. Zmpñ_ - gdU©XrK©…Ÿ& H$mÝVo{V - ..............Ÿ&

3. {Oˆm - agZmŸ& d¥j… ..............Ÿ&

4. {Vð>{V - àW_nwéf…Ÿ& OmZm{g - ..............Ÿ&

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1. _mVm 2. npÊS>V…

3. _mOm©a… 4. g_wÐ…

AdYo`m§e…

1. VmVoZ H${WV§ nwÌ ! nÌ§ {bI __mk`mŸ&

Z VoZ {b{IVmo boI… {nVwamkm Z bmo{nVmŸ&&

2. Hw$bmbñ` J¥ho@ß`Yª VXYª hpñVZmnwaoŸ&

b‘>m`m_{n VÚw½_§ `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&

3. H$m nmÊSw>nËZr J¥h^yfU§ {H$_²>Ÿ&

H$mo am_eÌw… {H$_JñËÒÝ_Ÿ&

H$… gy`©nwÌmo {dnarVn¥ÀN>m

Hw$ÝVr gwVmo amdUHw$å^H$Um©…Ÿ&&

CÎma§- 1. ZVoZ = {dZòZ

2. Hw$å^H$U©…

3. Hw$ÝVr, gwV…, amdU…, Hw$å^…, H$U©…

{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. H$moïH$mV² g_w[MV§ nX§ ñdrH¥$Ë` [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V &

(h>ñVmä`m_², nmXmä`m_², ZoÌmä`m_², gwYmIÊS>oZ, ñ`yVoZ)

1. Jwé :________________ VmS>`[V &

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2. N>mÌ …________________JÀN>[V &

3. godH$ :________________dñVy[Z AmZ`[V &

4. ^º$…________________Xod§ nyO`[V &

5. ~mbH$…________________[MÌ§ ní`Vr &

6. ~m[bH$m________________[bI[V &

II. [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V &

1. N>mÌ…________________gh> embm§ JÀN>[V & ([_ÌoU/[_Ìñ`)

2. ______________[dZm OrdZ§ Z [gÜ`[V & (YZñ`/YZoZ)

3. ____________ [dZm OrdZ§ H$ï_² & ([dÚ`m/[dÚm`m…)

4. __________Aamo½àjU§ ^d[V & (`moJmä`mgoZ/`moJmä`mgo)

III. MVwW©nX§ [bIV &

1. ZXr-ZÚm; _w[Z…-________________&

2. _mVm-_mÌm; ê$n_² ________________&

3. Jwé:-JwéUm ; Xod…-________________&

4. g… - VoZ ; gm-________________&

5. Ëd§ - Ëd`m ; Ah>_²-________________&

6. dZ_² - dZoZ; _mbm-________________&

IV. Apñ_Z²> n[aÀN>oXo V¥Vr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ nX§ {Z{X©eVŸ&

g§ñH¥$V^maË`m "gå^mfUgÝXoe:' Zm_ _mgn{ÌH$m àH$mí`VoŸ& Añ`m:

_mgn{ÌH$m`m: nR>ZoZ g§ñH¥$Vmä`mg: d{V& n{ÌH$m`m§ a_Ur`m: H$Wm: dpÝVŸ&

Zr{VH$W`m OrdZ_m¡ë`§ dY©VoŸ&

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gå^mfUgÝXoeoZ gd©Ì g§ñH¥$Vàgma: Om`_mZ: dV©VoŸ& àW_§ g§ñH¥$VoZ

gå^mfU_²>Ÿ& VV… gå^mfUgÝXoeñ` nR>Z_²>Ÿ& AZoZ àH$maoU d § g§ñH¥$VmÜ``Z§ Hw$_©:&

V. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIVŸ&

1. H$sQ>_²> ....... .......& 2. ^mfm_²> ....... .......Ÿ&

3. ....... eãXm¡ .......Ÿ& 4. {d^mJ_²> ....... .......Ÿ&

5. ....... godo .......Ÿ& 6. ....... ....... _mbm…Ÿ&

7. _pÝXa_²> ....... .......Ÿ& 8. kmZ_²> ....... .......Ÿ&

9. embm_²> ........ .......Ÿ& 10. ^{dî`{V ........ .......&

11. H$ÊR>o ........ .......Ÿ& 12. _h m a mO ñ` . . . . . . . .

.......Ÿ&

VI. C{MVoZ nXoZ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

1. ^ŠV… ....... JÀN>{VŸ& (_pÝXa)

2. {nV¥ì`… ....... nR>{VŸ& (n{ÌH$m)

3. ZmaX… ....... dmX`{VŸ& (drUm)

4. _mVm ....... Ádmb`{VŸ& (Xrn)

5. {eî`… ....... gånmX`{VŸ& (kmZ)

6. {nVm ....... nmb`{V& (gwVm)

7. dmZa… ....... Amamoh{VŸ& (d¥j)

8. _mVm_hr ....... H$W`{VŸ& (H$Wm)

9. nwÌ… ....... ImX{VŸ& (\$b)

10. N>mÌ… ....... n¥ÀN>{VŸ& (AÜ`mnH$)

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VII. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ dmŠ`m{Z nya`VŸ&

CXm - gÁOZ, nyOH$

Ah§ gÁOZ§ nyOH§$ M Z_m{_Ÿ&

d¥j \$b

dmVm© H$Wm

Aå~m AJ«Om

am_ H¥$îU

joÌ CÚmZ

OZH$ OZZr

nÌ {MÌ

nwñVH$ \$b

àíZ CÎma

VIII. [aŠVñWmZo ewÕ§ ê$n§ {bIVŸ&

1. d`§ ................ Jm`m_…Ÿ& (íbmoH$m… / íbmoH$mZ²>)

2. d`§ ................ aM`m_…Ÿ& ({MÌm{U / {MÌo)

3. Vo ................ JÀN>pÝVŸ& (Xodmb` / Xodmb`_²>)

4. Vo ................ {bIpÝVŸ& (íbmoH$m… / íbmoH$mZ²>)

5. Vm… ................ H«$sUpÝVŸ& (n{ÌH$m… / n{ÌH$m§>)

6. Vm… ................ AmZ`pÝVŸ& (_mb`m / _mbm…)

7. `y`§ ................ nR>WŸ& (J«ÝWmZ²> / J«ÝWm…)

8. `y`§ ................ JÀN>WŸ& (CÚmZm{Z / CÚmZmV²>)

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IX. CÎmam{U {MËdm H$moð>>Ho$ {bIVŸ&

^ŠV… EZ§ Z_{VŸ&

~mbH$… EVV²> nR>{V&

{nVm AÌ JÀN>{VŸ&

_{hbm EVV²> ní`{VŸ&

godH$… EVV²> AmZ`{VŸ&

H«$sS>mnQw>… BX§ H$amo{VŸ&

N>mÌ… EVV²> e¥Umo{VŸ&

_mVm EVV²> nM{V&

XyaXe©Z§ dmVm©n{ÌH$m§ dMZ§ AÞ§ nwñVH§$ Xod§ `moJmä`mg§ H$m`m©b`§

*****

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gá_… nmR>…

OrdZgm\$ë`_²

_¥X[n M MÝXZ_[ñ_Z² Xoeo J«m_mo J«m_… [gÕdZ_² &

`Ì M ~mbm Xodrñdê$nm ~mbm… gd} lram_m… && 1 &&

h>[a_pÝXa[_X_[Ibeara_²

YZeº$r OZgodm`¡

`Ì M H«$rS>m`¡ dZamO…

YoZw_m©Vm na_[edm &&

[ZË`§ àmV… [edJwUJmZ§

XrnZw[V… Ibw eÌwnam && 2 && && _¥X[n &&

^m½`[dYm[` [ZOm[O©VH$_©

`Ì l_… [l`_O©`[V&

Ë`mJYZmZm§ Vnmo[ZYrZm§

JmWm§ Jm`[V H$[ddmUr &&

J“>mOb[_d [ZË`[Z_©b§

kmZ§ e§g[V `[VdmUr && 3 && && _¥X[n &&

`Ì [h> Z¡d ñdXoh>[d_moh>…

`wÕaVmZm§ dramUm_²

`Ì [h> H¥$fH$… H$m`©aV… gZ²

ní`[V OrdZgm\$ë`_²

OrdZbú`§ Z [h> YZnXdr

`Ì M na[ednXgodm && 4 && && _¥X[n &&

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^mdmWm©…

1. A[ñ_Z² ^maVXoeo [dÚ_mZm _¥[ÎmH$m MÝXZ[_d n[a_b`wº$m,

gd}@[n J«m_m… VnmodZgX¥em… & AÌ gdm© A[n ~m[bH$m… Xoì`m…

ñdê$nm… gd} ~mbH$m… lram_gX¥em… M &

2. AÌ OÝ_ àmádVm§ gd}fm§ eara§ h>ao… _pÝXa_² & OZmZm§ g_rno

[dÚ_mZm[Z YZm[Z OZgodm ¡ Ed Cn wº$m[Z dpÝV & AÌ dZamO…

[g§h>… A[n H«$rS>ZH$ê$noU Cn`wÁ`Vo & na_n[dÌm YoZw… gd}fm§

OZZr &

à[V[XZ§ àmV… JdV… ñVw[V… d[V & A[n M gm`_² àÁdmë`_mZ…

Xrn… eÌyUm_² A[n _“>b§ H$amoVw B{V XrnZ_ñH$ma§ OZm… Hw$d©pÝV&

3. gd}@{n l_oU¡d YZ_² AO© pÝV & ñdm[O©VH$_© Ed ^m½ § [dXYm[V &

Ë`mJOr[dZm§ Vn[ñdZm§ M loðËd§ H$do… dmUr Jm`[V & `VrZm§

ñ_¥[VdmŠ`m[Z J“>mOb[_d na_§ n[dÌ§ kmZ§ àXmñ`pÝV &

4. AÌ gd}fm§ `wÕaVmZm§ dramUm§ ñdearaì`m_moh>… Zm[ñV & H¥$frdbm…

gd©Xm H$m`ª Hw$d©ÝV… Ed OrdZo g\$bVm§ àmßZwdpÝV & AÌ Xoeo gd}

fm§ bú`§ EH$_od A[ñV `V² XrZOZmZm§ godm, Z Vw YZgL²J«h>…

nXdr àm[á… dm&

H${dH$mì`{dMma…

H${d… - {dÛmZ²>> OZmX©Z hoJS>o

OZZ_² - 02-06-1955

OÝ_ñWmZ_² - {ea{g, CÎmaH$ÞS>_ÊS>b_², H$Um©Q>H$amÁ`_²Ÿ&

H¥$V`… - Aä`mgX{e©ZrŸ& UËd{UOÝV_²Ÿ&

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Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV &

1. J“>mOb[_d [ZË`[Z_©b§ [H$_² ?

2. YZeº$r [H$_W©_² ?

3. Ë`mJYZmZm§ JmWm§ H$m Jm`[V ?

4. H¥$fH$… [H§$ ní`[V ?

2. g_mZmW©H$nXm[Z [bIV &

1. _pÝXa_² 2. dZamO… 3. [Z_©b_²

3. g§`moÁ` [bIV &

A Am

1. H«$rS>m`¡ gá_r[d^[º$…

2. `wÕaVmZm§ àW_m[d^[º$…

3. nXgodm fðr[d^[º$…

4. Xoeo V¥Vr`m[d^[º$…

MVwWu[d^[º$…

4. ggyhoVa§ nX§ {bIV &

1. ~mb…, am_…, àmV…, H¥$fH$… &

2. JmWm_², godm, ~mbm, ñdê$nm

3. Ë`mJYZmZm_², [edJwUJmZ_², dramUm_², `wÕaVmZm_² &

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AdYo`m§e…

naånam§ g§ajo_

H¥$Ëdm ZdX¥T>g‘>ën_²

[dVaÝVmo ZdgÝXoe_²

KQ>`m_mo Zdg”>Q>Z_²

aM`m_mo Zd[_[Vh>mg_² &&

Zd_ÝdÝVa[e[ënZ…

amï´>g_wÞ{VH$m{¬U…

Ë`mJYZm… H$m`£H$aVm…

H¥$V [ZnwUm d`_[dfÊUm… && && H¥$Ëdm&&

ôX^mdZm§ [Zamg`ÝV…

XrZX[aÐmZ² g_wÕaÝV…

Xþ…I[dVámZ² g_mœgÝV…

H¥$Vg‘>ënmZ² gXm ñ_aÝV… && && H¥$Ëdm&&

àJ[VnWmÞ[h> [dMbo_

naånam§ g§ajo_

g_wËgm[h>Zmo [ZéÛo[JZmo

[ZË`{ZaÝVaJ[Verbm…&& && H¥$Ëdm&&

- lr OZmX©Z ho>JSo>.

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OZmX©ZhoJS>o_hmoX`ñ` AÝ`m… H¥$V`… -

1. gå^mfUgmonmZ_²Ÿ&

2. {d^{ŠVd„arŸ&

3. eV¥emZOÝV_ÄOarŸ&

4. H$ÞS>g§ñH¥$VH$mof…Ÿ&

5. {eewJrVm{ZŸ&

6. Xoe^{º$JrVm{ZŸ&

{deof… - g§ñH¥$V^maË`m… Amaå^H$V©¥fw AÝ`V_…, à_wIíMŸ& g§ñH¥$V^mfm-

{ejUo ApñV Añ` _hV² `moJXmZ_²>Ÿ& Ef… {d{dYnmR>çnwñVH$g{_Vo… gXñ`…

"gå^mfUgÝXoe'_mgn{ÌH$m`m… gånmXH$íMŸ&

àepñV… - gm{hË` AH$mS>o{_ AZwdmXàepñV… - 2005.

*****

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bL²>bH$ma…Aï>_… nmR>…

gá_r{d^{º$…

MVwa… H$m{bXmg…

nr{R>H$m-

[g§ñH¥$VH${dfw AJ«JÊ`… H$m{bXmg… H${dHw$bJwé$… H${dVm- H$m{_Ý`m…

{dbmg… B{V M à{gÕ… AmgrV²&

`Ú{n H$m{bXmg… à»`mV… VWm{n Vñ` XoeH$mbmXrZm§ {dfò {H${#mX{n

Z km`Vo BX§ Añ_mH§$ Xm¡^m©½`_²& g… ^maVXoeo gd©Ì g#mma§ H¥$Ëdm C‚m{`Ý`m§

XrK©H$mb§ AdgV² B{V D$hm ApñV& H$m{bXmg{da{MVm… AZoHo$ J«ÝWm… gÝVr{V

{d_e©H$m… H$W`pÝV& naÝVw Vofw gá J«ÝWm… Ed H$m{bXmgoZ {da{MVm… B{V

{Zñg§e`§ npÊS>>V¡… ÔT>rH¥$Vm…& Vo M aKwd§e§, Hw$_mag§^d_² B{V Ûo _hmH$mìò,

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_oKXÿV_², F$Vwg§hma… M B{V Ûo IÊS>H$mì o, _mb{dH$m{¾{_Ì_², {dH«$_mod©er`_²,

A{^kmZemHw$ÝVb§ Mo{V Ìr{U ZmQ>H$m{Z&

H$m{bXmg… {dH«$_m{XË`ñ` AmñWmZo H${d… Amgr{X{V km`Vo& âVdf}

{dH«$_ZmpÝ_ AZoHo$ amOmZ… AmgZ²& AV… H$m{bXmgoZ d{U©V… {dH«$_amO… H$…?

Añ` {ZYm©aU§ XþîH$a_² ApñV& naÝVw H$m{bXmg… ^moOamOñ` AmñWmZo AmgrV²,

VÌ {dÛÒmoð>rfw g_ñ`m… nya`{V ñ_ B{V Eo{Vø§ {H«$ñVmãXo fmoS>eeVHo$ pñWVoZ

d“XoeròZ ~„mbgoZoZ {da{MVo ^moOà~ÝYJ«ÝWo H${WV_²&]Añ_mH§$ maVXoeo ~hd: OZ{à`m: àOmaÄOH$m: M ynmbm: AmgZ² & Vofw

AÝ`V_: moOmo Zm_ amOm YmamZJao AmgrV² & moOñ` AmñWmZo ~hd: H$d`:,

npÊS>Vm:, Jm`H$m: M AmgZ²& Vofw 'H${dHw$bJwé:' B{V à{gÕ: H$m{bXmgZm_H$:

H${d: A{n AÝ`V_: & g: ñdnmpÊS>ËòZ ^moOñ` AmñWmZo emo^Vo ñ_ &

EH$Xm ^moOamO: _¥J`mWª dZ_² AJÀN>V² & VÌ H$ñ`{MV² gamodañ`

nmœ} Oå~ynmXnm: ~hd: AmgZ² & d¥jofw H$n`: emImä`: emImÝVa§ à{V

b”Z§ Hw$d©ÝV: H«$sS>pÝV ñ_ & VXm "Jwbw-Jwbw' B{V eãX: ^d{V ñ_& EVñ_mV²

à^m{dV: ^moO: ñdñ` AmñWmZo "Jwbw Jw½Jwbw Jw½Jwbw' B{V g_ñ`m§ XÎdm "`:

AZoZ ûcmoH§$ aM{`Ëdm œ: dmM{`î`{V, Vñ_¡ nm[aVmo{fH§$ Xmñ`Vo' B{V AdXV²&

gd} H$d`: AZÝVa{XZo amOg^m§ g_mJË` {MÝVmHw$bm: AYmo_wIm: M

A{Vð>Z² & VXm H$m{bXmg: ñdnrR>mV² CËWm` ûcmoH$_² Ed_² AnR>V² -

""Oå~y\$bm{Z n¹$m{Z nVpÝV {d_bo Obo&

H${dH$pånVemImä`: Jwbw Jw½Jwbw Jw½Jwbw&&''

BX§ lwËdm gd} H$d`: gÝVwï>m: A^dZ² & ^moO: A{n gÝVwï>>: gZ²

H$m{bXmgm` nm[aVmo{fH$_² A`ÀN>V²&

AÝ`pñ_Z² {XZo moOamO: ñdñ` AmñWmZo H$drZ² Amhy AdXV² - 'H$-I-

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J-K' BËòVmZ² dUm©Z² Am{lË` ûcmoH§$ aM`ÝVw' B{V& gd} H$d`… g_ñ`m{__m§

nya{`Vw§ à`ËZ_² AHw d©Z² & {H$ÝVw Vo g_ñ`mnyaUo {d\$bm: OmVm: &

EH$Xm H$m{bXmg: H$mbr_pÝXa§ à{V JÀN>Z² AmgrV² & VXm g: H$m{#mV²

~m{bH$m_² Aní`V² & gm ~m{bH$m H$m{bXmg§ X¥îQ‰>m àUm__² AH$amoV² & VXm

V`mo: _Üò Ed§ g§dmX… àmdV©V&

H$m{bXmg: - H$m Ëd§ ~mbo ?

~m{bH$m - H$m#mZ_mbm &

H$m{bXmg: - H$ñ`m: nwÌr ?

H$m{bXmg: - H$ZH$bVm`m:

H$m{bXmg: - hñVo qH$ Vo ?

~m{bH$m - VmbrnÌ_²

H$m{bXmg: - H$m dm aoIm?

~m{bH$m - H$ - I - J - K &

VV: H$m{bXmg: ^moOñ` AmñWmZ_² AJË` g_ñ`m_² Anya`V²-

H$m Ëd§ ~mbo ? H$m#mZ_mbm

H$ñ`m: nwÌr ? H$ZH$bVm`m: &

hñVo qH$ Vo ? VmbrnÌ_²

H$m dm aoIm ? H$ - I - J - K &&

EV§ ûcmoH§$ lwËdm gd} AmíM`©`wº$m: A^dZ² & `Wmnydª

"H${dHw$bJwé:' B{V H$m{bXmgñ` àe§gm_² AH$amoV², nm[aVmo{fH§$ M

àm`ÀN>V²&

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Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV -

1. YmamZJañ` amOm H$… ?

2. "H${dHw$bJwé…' B{V H$… à{gÕ… ?

3. ^moOamO… _¥J`mWª Hw$Ì AJÀN>V² ?

4. ~m{bH$m`m… hñVo {H$_² AmgrV² ?


1. H$m{bXmg… .............. à{V JÀN>Z²> AmgrV²>Ÿ&

2. ûcmoH§$ lwËdm gd} ............... A^dZ²>Ÿ&


1. ^ynmb… 2. à{gÕ… 3. npÊS>V… 4. d¥j…


1. g… 2. ~m{bH$m 3. H${d… 5. AÝ`V_…

5. dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

1. AmñWmZo 2. amOm 3. H«$sS>pÝV

6. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&

1. ^maVXoeo ~hd… ^ynmbm… AmgZ²>Ÿ&

2. ^moO… H$bhoZ H$mb§ `mn`{V ñ_Ÿ&

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3. H$m{bXmg… H${dHw$bJwé… B{V à{gÕ…Ÿ&

4. EH$Xm ^moOamO… _¥J`mWª J«m__²> AJÀN>V²>Ÿ&

5. H$d`… amOg^m§ g_mJË` D$Üd©_wIm… A{Vð>Z²>Ÿ&

7. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m dm CÎma§

{bIVŸ&

1. H$m{bXmg… "H${dHw$bJwé…' B{V H$W§ à{gÕ… A^dV²> B{V {dd¥UwVŸ&

{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. EH$dMZo {bIVŸ&

CXmhaU_²> AmgZ² AmgrV²>

A^dZ²>

AJÀN>Z²>

A`ÀN>Z²>

Anya`Z²>

A{Vð>Z²>

II. Zm_nX§ - {H«$`mnX§ M n¥WH$²> Hw$éVŸ&

npÊS>Vm… - emo^Vo - ~m{bH$m_²>H$n`… - ûcmoH$_²> - AdXZ²>Xr`Vo - emIm… - àm`ÀN>V²>

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CXmhaU_²> ^ynmb… = Zm_nX_² ; AZ_V²> - {H«$`mnX_²>

H$V¥©nX_²> {H«$`mnX_²>

III. g_yhoVa§ nX§ {bIV&

AH$amoV²> - gÝVwï>… - Aní`V²> - AdXV²> =

amOm - H$m{bXmg… - nm{W©d… - ^ynmb… =

AmhË` - ÑîQ‰>m - ûcmoH$_²> - lwËdm =

Xr`Vo - H$drZ²> - npÊS>Vm… - ~m{bH$m_²> =

IV. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIVŸ&

1. ............. ............. nmXnm…Ÿ&

2. Oå~y\$b_²> ............. .............Ÿ&

3. ............. ............. d¥jofwŸ&

4. H${d… ............. .............Ÿ&

5. ............. emImä`m_²> .............Ÿ&

V. _hoe: H$íMZ ~mb:Ÿ& Vñ` H$pñ_Z²> H$sÑe… ^md: ApñV B{V AÌ

àX{e©V_²Ÿ&

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VXZwJwU§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

CXm - OZH$: - lÕmŸ& _hoeñ` OZHo$ lÕm ApñVŸ&

1. Aå~m àr{V:Ÿ&

2. AZwO: ñZoh:Ÿ&

3. Áòð>m: AmXa:Ÿ&

4. X[aÐm: H$méÊ`_²>Ÿ&

5. g{Mdm: AmXa:Ÿ&

VI. gáå`ÝVoZ nXoZ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

1. ZmaX: _______ g#ma{VŸ& (bmoH$m:)

2. N>mÌm: _______ ^dpÝVŸ& ({dÚmb`m:)

3. nwînm{U _______ gpÝVŸ& (_mbm)

4. ~mbH$m: _______ _½Zm: gpÝVŸ& (H$m`m©{U)5. àm{UZ: _______ ^dpÝVŸ& (dZ_²>)

VII. gáå`ÝVm{Z nXm{Z {MZwVŸ&

CÚmZofw, dZm`, bVm`m_²>H$Wmgw, N>mÌ`mo:, Xoeñ`{dÚm`m_²>, V¡bofw, H$bm`m:XrnmV²>, aWmZm_²>, XodVmgw

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VIII. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

g#ma{V&gn©:

{~b

bVm

H$ÝXa

d¥j

Jwhm

emIm

dZ

CXm - gn©: {~bofw g#ma{VŸ&

CÎmam{U {MËdm H$moð>Ho$ {bIVŸ&

_rZm: AÌ gpÝVŸ&

{dJ«h: AÌ ApñVŸ&

nwñVH$m{Z AÌ gpÝVŸ&

H$m¡adnmÊS>dmZm§ H$Wm ApñVŸ&

am_ñ` H$Wm AÌ ApñVŸ&

_wI_²> AÌ ní`m_:Ÿ&

H«y$a_¥Jm: AÌ gpÝVŸ&

_hm^maVo Xn©Uo dZo am_mÙo J«ÝWmbò _pÝXao Obo

*****

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Zd_… nmR>…

gpÝY…

dUm©Zm_²> AË`ÝV§ gm_rß`§ g§{hVmŸ& `Ì g§{hVm ^d{V, VÌ Šd{MV² dU© -ì`Ë``… ^d{VŸ& A`_od gpÝY…Ÿ& gÝYm¡ Ì`… àH$mam… gpÝVŸ&

ñdagpÝY… ì`ÄOZgpÝY… {dgJ©gpÝY… (AM²>) (hb²)

ñdagpÝY… (AM²gpÝY…)

`Ì Û`mo … ñda`mo… (AMmo…) g§{hVm, VÌ gpÝYH$m`ª d{VŸ& VÌ Šd{MV²> EH$ñ` dU©ñ` AmXoemo d{V Šd{MÀM Û`mo… dU© mo…Ÿ& A § ñdagpÝY… ZmZm{dYmo ^d{VŸ& `Wm -

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EVofw MVwîd©{n gpÝYfw nyd©ñ` nañ` M ñWmZo EH$mXoe… ^d{VŸ&

1. gdU©XrK©gpÝY… 2. JwUgpÝY…

3. d¥{ÕgpÝY… 4. nyd©ê$ngpÝY…

EV`mo… Û`mo… gÝÜ`mo… nyd©ñ` EH$ñ`¡d dU©ñ` ñWmZo AmXoemo ^d{VŸ&

5. Ù²>gpÝY… 6. `mÝV-dmÝVmXoegpÝY…

1. gdU©XrK©gpÝY…- A-B-C-F$ (õñd-XrK©) EVofm§ dUm©Zm§ gdU} nao Û`mo…

dU©`mo… ñWmZo EH$… gdU©XrK©… Am{Xï>… ^d{VŸ& A`_od "gdU©XrK©gpÝY…Ÿ&'

nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_dU©… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©ñda… = AmXoeñda…

A / Am + A / Am = Am

B / B© + B / B© = B©

C / D$ + C / D$ = D$

F$ / G$ + F$ / G$ = G$

CXmhaUm{Z

1. A + Am = Am Xod + Amb`… = Xodmb`…

A + A = Am JwU + AVrV… = JwUmVrV…

Am + Am = Am {dÚm + Amb`… = {dÚmb`…

Am + A = Am {dÚm + AWu = {dÚmWu

2. B + B = B© {J[a + BÝÐ… = {JarÝÐ…

B + B© = B© a{d + B©e… = adre…

B© + B = B© eMr + BÝÐ… = eMrÝÐ…

B© + B© = B© Jm¡ar + B©e… = Jm¡are…

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3. C + C = D$ Jwé + CnXoe = Jwê$nXoe…

C + D$ = D$ gmYw + D$Mw… = gmYyMw…

D$ + C = D$ dYy + CËgmh… = dYyËgmh…

D$ + D$ = D$ dYy + D${_©H$m = dYy{_©H$m

4. F$ + F$ = G$ {nV¥ + F$U_²> = {nV¦U_²>

_mV¥ + F$U_²> = _mV¦U_²>

2. JwUgpÝY…

A - Am dU© mo…, B - B© nao EH$ma… ; A - Am dU© mo…, C - D$ nao AmoH$ma…;

A - Am dU©`mo…, F$ - G$ nao Aa²> AmXoe… M ^d{VŸ& A`§ JwUgpÝY…Ÿ&


A/Am

B / B© = E

C / D$ = Amo

F$ / G$ = Aa²>

+

CXmhaUm{Z

1. A + B = E Cn + BÝÐ… = CnoÝÐ…

A + B© = E gwa + B©e… = gwaoe…

Am +B = E _hm + BÝÐ… = _hoÝÐ…

Am + B© = E C_m + B©e… = C_oe…

2. A + C = Amo gy`© + CX`… = gy`m}X`…

A + D$ = Amo Ob + D${_©… = Obmo{_©…

Am +C = Amo J“m + CXH$_²> = J“moXH$_²>

Am + D$ = Amo _hm + D${_©… = _hmo{_©…

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3. A + F$ = Aa²> Xod + F${f… = Xod{f©…

Am + F$ = Aa²> _hm + F${f… = _h{f©…

3. d¥{ÕgpÝY…

A - Am dU©`mo…, E Eo H$ma`mo… na`mo… EoH$ma… ; A - Am dU©`mo… Amo

- Am¡$ nao Am¡H$ma… M AmXoe… ^d{VŸ& A`§ d¥{ÕgpÝY…Ÿ&


A/AmE / Eo = Eo

Amo / Am¡ = Am¡

+

CXmhaUm{Z

1. A + E = Eo EH$ + EH$_²> = EH¡$H$_²

A + Eo = Eo Aï> + Eoœ`©_² = Aï>¡œ`©_²

Am + E = Eo grVm + Efm = grV¡fm

Am + Eo = Eo AmË_m + EoŠ`_² = AmË_¡Š`_²

2. A + Amo = Am¡ dZ + Amof{Y… = dZm¡f{Y…

A + Am¡ = Am¡ {Xì` + Am¡fY_²> = {Xì`m¡fY_²>

Am + Amo = Am¡ J“m + AmoK… = J“m¡K…

Am + Am¡ = Am¡ _hm + Am¡ËgwŠ`_² = _hm¡ËgwŠ`_²

4. nyd©ê$ngpÝY…

nXmÝVo {dÚ_mZ`mo… E - Amo dU©`mo… nao AH$ma… ^d{V MoV²>, nyd©na`mo…

ñWmZo nyd©ê$n_² EH$mXoe… ^d{VŸ& AWm©V² õñd… AH$ma… bwß`VoŸ& boIZmdgao

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"A' dUª gyM{`Vw_² "@' B{V AdJ«h{M•_²> Cn`wÁ`VoŸ& A`§ "nyd©ê$ngpÝY…'Ÿ&

nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_ñda… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©ñda… = AmXoeñda…

= E (@)

= Amo (@)

E

Amo

A+

E + A = E (@) hao + Ad = hao@d

Amo + A = Amo (@) am_mo + AdXV²> = am_mo@dXV²>

5. Ù²>gpÝY… `²> - d² - a² - b² dUm©Zm§ "Ù²' B{V Zm_Ÿ&

B - B©, C - D$, F$ - G$, b¥ dUm©Zm_² AgdU} ñdao nao B - B©H$mañ`

ñWmZo "`²' dU©…, C - D$H$mañ` ñWmZo "d²²' dU©…, F$ - G$H$mañ` ñWmZo

"a²'dU©…, b¥H$mañ` ñWmZo "b²' B{V dU©… Am{Xï>… ^d{VŸ& A`§ "Ù²'gpÝY…Ÿ&

nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_dU©… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©dU©… = AmXoedU©…

B / B©C / D$F$ / G$

b¥

+ AgdU©ñda…

= `²= d²= a²= b²

CXmhaUm{Z

1. B + A = ` A{V + Aën… = AË`ën…

B© + C = ` dmUr + CÎm_… = dmÊ`wÎm_…

C + A = d _Zw + AÝVa_²> = _ÝdÝVa_²>

D$ + A = d dYy + Ab‘>ma… = dÜdb‘>ma…

F$ + A = a {nV¥ + AW©_²> = {nÌW©_²>

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Aä`mg…


1. JUoe… 2. J“moXH$_² 3. eMrÝÐ…

4. dZm¡H$g… 5. àËòH$_²

2. g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&

1. Jm¡ar + B©e… 2. _hm + CËgd…

3. EH$ + EH$_²> 4. A{V + CÎm_…

5. am_mo + A{n 6. Jwé + Am{X…

AdYo`m§e…

6. `mÝV-dmÝVmXoegpÝY…

E-Amo-Eo-Am¡ B{V EVofm§ dUm©Zm§ ñWmZo ñdao nao A`²> - Ad² - Am`² - Amd² B{V EVo AmXoem… H«$_e… ^dpÝVŸ& A`§ `mÝV-dmÝVmXoegpÝY…Ÿ&

nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_dU©… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©ñda…= AmXoeñda…

EAmoEoAm¡

+ ñda…

= A`²= Ad²= Am`²= Amd²

CXmhaUm{ZE + E = A`²> hao + E = haòAmo + E = Ad²> {dîUmo + E = {dîUdoEo + A = Am`²> Z¡ + AH$… = Zm`H$…

Am¡ + A = Amd²> nm¡ + AH$… = nmdH$…

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{H«$`mH$bmn…

{d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&

1) dYyËgmh… ............. + ............. = .............

2) nyUm©`w… ............. + ............. = .............

3) _hoe… ............. + ............. = .............

4) _hmoËgd… ............. + ............. = .............

5) ~«÷{f©… ............. + ............. = .............

6) VÌ¡H$… ............. + ............. = .............

7) AÝVo@{n ............. + ............. = .............

8) gmo@`_²> ............. + ............. = .............

9) AË`mXa… ............. + ............. = .............

10) Xmñ`namY… ............. + ............. = .............

11) VÝdre… ............. + ............. = .............

12) dÜdoH$mÝV… ............. + ............. = .............

13) {nÌmkm… ............. + ............. = .............

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g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&

nyd©nX_² + CÎmanX_² = g§`wŠV nX_² = gpÝYZm_

1. Jm¡ar + B©e… = ............... = ...............

2. dYy + D${_©H$m = ............... = ...............

3. Jwé + CŠV_²> = ............... = ...............

4. _hm + D${_©… = ............... = ...............

5. Ob + CËn{Îm… = ............... = ...............

6. X{Y + AmoXZ_²> = ............... = ...............

7. A{V + CÎm_… = ............... = ...............

8. dYy + Aï>H$_²> = ............... = ...............

9. {nV¥ + Amü`©_²> = ............... = ...............

10. g¡Ý`ñ` + Cn[a> = ............... = ...............

11. VWm + A{n> = ............... = ...............

12. OmVmo + A{g> = ............... = ...............

13. `{X + A{n> = ............... = ...............

*****

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Xe_… nmR>…

Jwd©ï>H$_²

eara§ gwê$n§ VWm dm H$bÌ_²>èíMmé {MÌ§ YZ§ _oéVwë`_²>Ÿ&_ZíMoÞ b½Z§ Jwamoa{”«nÙo

VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²>Ÿ&& 1Ÿ&&

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H$bÌ§ YZ§ nwÌnm¡Ìm{X gd©_²>

J¥h§ ~mÝYdm… gd©_oV{Õ OmV_²Ÿ&

_ZíMoÞ b½Z§ Jwamoa{”«nÙo

VV… {H$§ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

fS>“m{XdoXmo _wIo emñÌ{dÚm

H${dËdm{X JÚ§ gwnÚ§ H$amo{VŸ&


VV… {H$§ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

{dXoeofw _mÝ`… ñdXoeofw YÝ`…

gXmMmad¥Îmofw _Îmmo Z MmÝ`…Ÿ&


VV… {H$§ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²Ÿ&&4&&

j_m_ÊS>bo ^yn^ynmbd¥ÝX¡…

gXm go{dV§ `ñ` nmXma{dÝX_²>Ÿ&



èmo _o JV§ {Xjw XmZàVmnmV²>

OJÛñVw gdª H$ao `ËàgmXmV²>Ÿ&



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Z ^moJo Z `moJo Z dm dm{OamOm¡

Z H$mÝVm_wIo Z¡d {dÎmofw {MÎm_²>Ÿ&



AaÊò Zdm ñdñ` Joho Z H$mò©

Z Xoho _Zmo dV©Vo _o ËdZ¿`}Ÿ&



Jwamoaï>H§$ `… nR>oËnwÊ`Xohr

`{V^y©n{V~«©÷Mmar M JohrŸ&

bôÛmpÄN>VmWª nX§ ~«÷g§k_²>

JwamoéŠVdmŠò _Zmo `ñ` b¾_²> Ÿ&&9&&

AÝd`mW©…1. gwê$n_²> = gwemo^Z§ ê$n_²

eara_² = Xoh…, VWm = Ed_², H$bÌ_² = nËZr

Mmé{MÌ§ è… dm = AZwn_H$s{V©… (CËH¥$ï>H$s{V©gå_mZZm{XH§$ M)

_oéVwë`§ YZ_² = _oénd©VgÑe§ YZ_² (à^yV§ YZ_²), (BË`m{XH$_² ApñV

MoX{n)> _Z… = _{V… ({MÎm_²)

Jwamoa{”«nÙo = gÒþéMaUH$_bo, Z b½Z_² = AmgŠV§ Z ^d{V MoV²

VV… {H$_² = AZÝVa§ {H$_² ? (gdm}@{n ì`W©…)

2. H$bÌ_² = Om`m, YZ_² = Eoœ`©_²,

nwÌnm¡Ìm{Xgd©_² = gwV…, nwÌñ` nwÌ… BË`m{X gd©_², J¥h_² = gXZ_²,

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~mÝYdm… = ~ÝYw{_ÌmX`…, EV{Õ gd©_² = BË`m{XH§$ gd©_²,

OmV_² = àmá_²Ÿ&

(VWm{n JwéMaUo _mZg§> `{X AZmgŠV§ V{h© VV… na§ {H$_²> ApñVŸ?)

3. fS>“m{XdoX… = gm“doX^mJ…

M = VWm

emó{dÚm = AÝ`m{Z emñÌm{U M _wIo = ñddXZo gpÝVŸ&

H${dËdm{XJÚ§ gwnÚ_² = JÚ-nÚmË_H$_² CÎm_H$mìàMZmgm_Ï`©_²

H$amo{V = aM`{V, (AWm{n .............)

4. {dXoeofw = XoemÝVaofw, _mÝ`… = àe§gmh©…

ñdXoeofw = ñdr`Xoeofw, YÝ`… = YÝ`Vm^md…

gXmMmad¥Îmofw = CÎm_ofw AmMma{dfòfw, _Îmmo = __mnoj`m

Z MmÝ`… = AÝ`… H$mo@{n ZmpñVŸ& (B{V `… {MÝV`{V Vñ`)

(VWm{n ...........)

5. `ñ` = npÊS>Vñ`, nmXma{dÝX_² = MaUH$_b_²

j_m_ÊS>bo = {dñV¥V^yàXoeo. ^yn^ynmbd¥ÝX¡… = amOm{YamOà^¥{V{^…

gXm = gd©Xm, go{dV_² = A{M©V_²Ÿ& (AWm{n .............)

6. XmZàVmnmV² = XmZY_m©{Xà^mdmV², _o = __

è… = H$s{V©…, {Xjw JV_² = nydm©{X{X½ì`má_²

OJÛñVw gd©_² = àn#mo {dÚ_mZ§ g_ñV§ dñVw

`ËàgmXmV² = `ñ` Jwamo… à^mdmV², H$ao = ñdhñVJV_² (MoX{n......)

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7. {MÎm_² = _Z…, ^moJo = bm¡{H$H$gwIo Z = ZmpñV Ed_², `moJo Z = `moJmä`mgm{X{dfòfw ZmpñV, dm = AWdm, dm{OamOm¡ Z = loð>VwaJm{Xnewì`dhmam{Xfw ZmpñV H$mÝVm_wIo Z = Om`m_wImÝdofUo Amg{ŠV… ZmpñV {dÎmofw Z = Eoœ`m©{Xfw ZmpñV, (AWm{n .............)

8. _o = __, _Z… = {MÎm_², AaÊò Z = dZm{X{dfòfw ZmpñV, ñdñ` Joho = ñdr`J¥ho ZmpñV, H$m`} Z = H$_©gw ZmpñV,

AZ¿`} Xoho Z = CÎm_earao ZmpñV, (Ed_² EVofw dñVwfw Cnojm^mdZm§ àmß`m{n ......)

9. `… nwÊ`Xohr = nyd©nwÊ`à^mdoU `… lÕmdmZ², `{V… = g§Ý`mgml_§ n[aJ¥hrVdmZ² {^jw…, ^yn{V… = _hmamO… ~«÷Mmar M = dQw>… M, Johr = J¥hñWmo dm Jwd©ï>H$_² = Jwd©ï>H$ñVmoÌ_², nR>oV² = JmòV² (_ZZ§ Hw$`m©V²) `ñ` _Z… = `ñ` {MÎm_²>, JwamoéŠVdmŠò = gÒþégÝXoeo `{X, b½Z_² = g§b½Z§ ^d{V V{h© g…, dmpÄN>VmW©_² = _Zmo@^rï>H$m_mZ², ~«÷g§k_² = na~«÷nX§ M, bôV² = àmßZmo{VŸ&

H${dH$mì`{dMma:aM{`Vm - OJÒþé… lr e‘>amMm`©…

H$mb… - {H«$. e. 788 - 820

Xoe… - Ho$abamÁ`ñ` H$mb{Q>:

H¥$V`… - àñWmZÌ`ñ` ^mî`_²>

(^JdÒrVm, Cn{ZfV²>, ~«÷gyÌm{U)

{ddoH$MyS>m_{U…, gm¡ÝX`©bhar,

{edmZÝXbhar, ÔJmo{dÝXñVmoÌ_²> BË`mX`…Ÿ&

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Aä`mg…

1. g_mZmW©H$nXm{Z {bIVŸ& 1. eara_²> 2. YZ_² 3. _Z… 4. nmX…5. H$bÌ_² 6. è…


1. nwÌ… 2. YÝ`… 3. AÝ`… 4. _mÝ`…


1. {dÚm 2. ñdXoeofw 3. ^ynmbd¥ÝX¡… 4. àVmnmV²> 5. `moJo

4. g§`moO`VŸ& A Am 1. _wIo _oéVwë`_²> 2. eara_² emó{dÚm 3. ñdXoeofw gwê$n_² 4. H$a§ YÝ`…

5. YZ_² OJÛñVw

5. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m, g§ñH¥$V^mf`m dm CÎma§ {bIVŸ&

1. Jwamo… _{h_mZ§ dU©`VŸ&

AdYo`m§e…

lw{V - ñ_¥{V - nwamUmZm_² Amb`§ H$éUmb`_²Z_m{_ ^JdËnmX§ e‘>a§ bmoH$e‘>a_² && Aï>df} MVwd}Xr - ÛmXeo gd©emó{dV² &

fmoooS>eo H¥$VdmZ² - ^mî`§ ÛmqÌeo _w{Zaä`JmV² &&

*****

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n#m_r{d^{ŠV…ŠVdVwàË``… M

EH$mXe… nmR>…

Xwamem\$b_²>

1. nydª nmQ>brnwÌZJao _{U^ÐZm_H$… d{UH$²> AmgrV²Ÿ& H$mbmÝVao {d{YdemV²

g… AVrd {ZY©Z… A^dV²Ÿ& Xm[aÐçH$maUmV² AË`ÝV§ {IÞ… g… "àmUË`mJ§

H$amo{_' B{V {ZU©`_² AH$amoV²Ÿ&

2. {H$ÝVw Vpñ_Z² {XZo g… H${#mV² ñdßZ§ Ñï>dmZ²Ÿ& ñdßZo H${#mV² jnUH§$ g…

Aní`V²Ÿ& g… jnUH$… _{U^Ð_² CŠVdmZ² - ""^mo…, _{U^Ð ! Ah§

^dV… nyd©O¡… gånm{XV… {Z{Y… Apñ_Ÿ& __ Zm_ nÙ{Z{Y…Ÿ& Ah§ ^dV…

J¥h_² AmJÝVw_² BÀN>m{_Ÿ& àmV… jnUH$ê$noU AmJ{_î`m{_Ÿ& dmZ² XÊS>oZ

__ {ea{g VmS>`VwŸ& VXm Ah§ H$ZH$_`… ^yËdm Ajæ`… ^{dî`m{_''

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B{VŸ& ñdßZmV² _{U^Ð… AVrd gÝVwï>… A^dV²Ÿ& AZÝVa§ g… e`ZmV²

CpËWVdmZ²Ÿ&

3. ñdßZmoº$arË`m H$píMV² jnUH$… àmV… _{U^Ðñ` J¥h_² AmJVdmZ²Ÿ&

_{U^Ð… A{n XÊS>oZ V§ jnUH§$ {ea{g AVmS>`V²Ÿ& VXm jnUH$…

H$ZH$_`… yËdm y_m¡ n{VVdmZ²Ÿ& _{U^Ð… gdª H$ZH§$ J¥hñ` AÝV… ZrVdmZ²Ÿ&

4. AÌmÝVao Ana… H$píMV² Zm{nV… VÌ AmJVdmZ²Ÿ& àd¥Îm§ gd©_{n Ñï>dmZ²

MŸ& EVV² kmËdm _{U^Ð… Zm{nV§ J¥hñ` AÝV… Amhÿ` - ""{_ÌŸ& AÌ

BXmZt ^dVm `V² Ñï>§ VV² AÝ`Ì Hw$Ìm{n Z dXVw'' BË`wŠËdm Vñ_¡

Cnm`Zê$noU {H${#mV² YZ§ XÎmdmZ²Ÿ&

5. Zm{nV… ñdJ¥h§ JËdm {MpÝVVdmZ²-"jnUH$mZ² XÊS>oZ VmS>`m{_ MoV² Ah_²

A{n H$ZH$`wV… ^{dî`m{_' B{VŸ&

6. AZÝVa{XZo àmV…H$mbo g… Zm{nV… jnUH$-{dhma_² AJÀN>V²Ÿ& VÌË`mZ²

gdm©Z² A{n jnUH$mZ² C{Ôí`-""^dÝV… AÚ _Ü`m•o moOZmWª __ J¥h_²

AmJÀN>ÝVw'' B{V àmW©Zm_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& jnUH$m… gÝVmofoU Vñ` dMZ_²

A“rH¥$Ë` Zm{nVñ` J¥h§ JVdÝV…Ÿ& Zm{nV… Ûma§ {nYm` XÊS>oZ Vofm§

{ea{g AVmS>`V²Ÿ& jnUH$m… `mV² H$mobmhb§ H¥$VdÝV…Ÿ& H$mobmhb§ lwËdm

amO^Q>m… VÌ AmJVdÝV…Ÿ& Vo Zm{nV§ Ý`m`mb`§ ZrVdÝV…Ÿ&

7. Ý`m`mbò Ý`m`mYre… Zm{nV§ n¥ï>dmZ² - ""{H$_Wª ^dmZ² jnUH$mZ²

Vm{S>VdmZ²?'' B{VŸ& Zm{nV… _{U^Ðñ` J¥ho Ñï>§ gd©_² A{n CŠVdmZ²Ÿ&

Ý`m`mYre… _{U^Ð_² Amhÿ` Vñ` _wImV² gdª d¥ÎmmÝV§ kmVdmZ ²Ÿ&

Xwamemnr{S>V§ V§ Zm{nV§ eyb_² Amamo{nVdmZ² MŸ&

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H${d… - {dîUwe_m©

H$mb… - {H«$. ny. {ÛVrèVH$_²>

Xoe… - _{hbmamoß`ZJa_²>Ÿ& Ef… A_aeŠVo… AmñWmZo AmgrV²>Ÿ&

H¥${V… - n#mVÝÌ_²>Ÿ& AÌ n#m VÝÌm{U gpÝVŸ&

1. {_ÌôX… 2. {_Ìgåàm{á…

3. H$mH$mobyH$s`_²> 4. bãYàUme…

5. Anar{jVH$maH$_²>

Aä`mg…


1. nmQ>brnwÌZJao H$… AmgrV² ?

2. _{U^Ð… {H$_Wª {IÞ… A^dV² ?

3. _{U^Ð… ñdßZo H$_² Aní`V² ?

4. _{U^Ð… jnUH§$ {H$_² AH$amoV² ?

2. H$moð>H$mV²> C{MV§ nX§ {MËdm [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&

1. .............. _{U^Ð… AVrd {ZY©Z… A^dV²Ÿ&

({d{YdemV², {d{Yde_²)

2. "nÙ{Z{Y…' B{V ............. Zm_Ÿ&

(Zm{nVñ`, {ZYo…)

3. Zm{nV… ................ H$mbo jnUH${dhma_² AJÀN>V²Ÿ&

(am{Ì, àmV…)

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3. g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&

1. Hw$Ì + A{n = 2. VWm + Ed = 3. ñdßZ + CŠV_²> =


1. {IÞ… 2. H$ZH$_²> 3. {ea… 4. J¥h_²

5. bH$ma-nwéf-dMZm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. H$amo{_ 2. ^{dî`m{_ 3. VmS>`Vw

6. KQ>ZmZwH«$_oU {bIVŸ&

1. amO^Q>m… Zm{nV§ Ý`m`mb`§ ZrVdÝV: &

2. Zm{nV… jnUH${dhma_² AJÀN>V²Ÿ&

3. _{U^Ð… ñdßZ§ Ñï>dmZ²Ÿ&

4. Zm{nV… jnUH$mZm§ {ea{g XÊS>oZ AVmS>`V²Ÿ&

5. jnUH$… _{U^Ðñ` J¥h_² AmJVdmZ²Ÿ&

6. nmQ>brnwÌZJao _{U^ÐZm_H$… d{UH$² AmgrV²Ÿ&

7. `Wm{ZX}e_wÎma§ {bIVŸ&

1. Ah§ ^dV… nyd©O¡… gånm{XV… {Z{Y… Apñ_Ÿ&

H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?

2. ^dÝV… _Ü`m•o ^moOZmW©_²> AmJÀN>ÝVw&

H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$mZ²> AdXV²> ?

3. {H$_Wª ^dmZ²> jnUH$mZ²> Vm{S>VdmZ²> ?

H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?

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8. {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {bIVŸ&

1. àmV… 2. gÝVwï>… 3. AÝV…

9. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m, g§ñH¥$V^mf`m dm CÎma§

{bIVŸ&

1. _{U^Ð… H$W§ gwdUª àmádmZ² ?

2. amO^Q>m… Zm{nV§ {H$_Wª Ý`m`mb`§ ZrVdÝV… ?

AdYo`m§e…

AYrVo ` BX§ {ZË`§§ Zr{Vemó§ ûm¥Umo{V M

Z nam^d_mßZmo{V eH«$mX{n H$XmMZ &&

{H«$`mH$bmn…

1. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&

CXm - \$b§ d¥j… nV{VŸ& 7

\$b§ d¥jmV²> nV{VŸ& 3

1. gwYmIÊS>: hñV: nV{VŸ&

2. Ob_²> AmH$me: nV{VŸ&

3. AÜ`m{nH$m nwñVH$mb`: AmJÀN>{VŸ&

4. _yfH$: {~b_²> {ZJ©ÀN>{VŸ&

5. ZmaX: AmH$me: AdVa{VŸ&

6. Ob§ Hw$å^: òd{VŸ&

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

2. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&

CXm - h[aU: ì`mK«mV²> {~ô{VŸ& 3

h[aU: ì`mK«ñ` {~ô{VŸ& 7

1. ~mbH$: qgh: {~ô{VŸ&

2. _mOm©a: ewZH$: {~ô{VŸ&

3. Y{ZH$: Mmoa: {dô{VŸ&

4. Mmoa: AmajH$: {~ô{VŸ&

5. eÌw: g¡{ZH$: {~ô{VŸ&

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

*****

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fð>r{d^{ŠV…ÛmXe… nmR>…

{gÕ^y{_… {gÕJ“m

nr{R>H$m -

Añ_mH§$ Xoeo gd©Ì nwÊ`joÌm{U, n{dÌVrWm©{Z, {d{dYm{Z _pÝXam{U M

emo^ÝVoŸ& H$Um©Q>H$amÁò Vw_Hy$é_ÊS>bo lr {gÕJ“mjoÌ{_{V à»`mV§ n{dÌ§ joÌ§

dV©VoŸ& BX§ Y_©gÝXoeñ` nwÊ`Ym_Ÿ& Apñ_Z²> n{dÌo n[agao gd©Xm AÜ`mË_{MÝVZ§

kmZàgma…, AÞXmZ§, Ym{_©H$moËgdmXr{Z {d{dYm{Z gËH$_m©{U M àMbpÝVŸ&

Añ` lrjoÌñ` _hÎd_²> AÌ {Zê${nV_²Ÿ&

1) àm`… fQ>²eVdf}ä`… àmH$² lrjoÌ§ g§ñWm{nV_²Ÿ& na_Vnñdr lr

Jmogb{gÕoœa… nwam AÌ Vn… AmM[aVdmZ²Ÿ& g… AÝ`ñ` VnpñdZ…

ObV¥îUm§ {Zdma{`Vw_² BÀN>Z² ñdhñVoZ {ebm`m… ñneª H¥$VdmZ²& VXm

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P{Q>{V VV… Ob§ ~{h… AmJV_²Ÿ& VoZ OboZ g… ñdm{_d`©… gÝV¥á…Ÿ&

VXmaä`Ÿ VV² ñWmZ§ {gÕJ“m BËòd à»`mV_²Ÿ&

2) lrjoÌoU àmW{_H${ejUV… VÝÌkmZ{ejUn`©ÝV§ gd}fw ñVaofw {dÚmb`m…

g§ñWm{nVm…Ÿ& àm¡T>embm…, nXdr_hm{dÚmb`m…, VmpÝÌH$_hm{dÚmb`m…,

à{ejU_hm{dÚmb`…, AÝYmZm§ embm, {dH$bm“mZm§ {dÚmb`… X¡{hH$-

{ejU_hm{dÚmb`… M lrjoÌoU AmaãYm…Ÿ& g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m… àgmamWª

qde{V… g§ñH¥$VnmR>embm… ñWm{nVm…Ÿ& emó{ejUmWª _hm{dÚmb`…

A{n à{Vð>m{nV…Ÿ& g§ñWm`m… gdm©gw àm¡T>embmgw g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m… ~moYZ§

àMb{VŸ& {gÕJ“mgå~Õm… 125 {dÚmg§ñWm… gpÝV AÚŸ&

3) g§ñH¥$V{ejUñ` H¥$Vo `moJXmZ_²> -

{H«$.e. 1917 V_o df} lr CÔmZ{ed`mo{JZ… g§ñH¥$VnmR>embm`m… Amaå^_²

AHw$d©Z²Ÿ& V`m gh N>mÌmdmgñ` Amaå^mo@{n H¥$V…Ÿ& AÚ Aï>ghòm{YH$m…

N>mÌm… AÌ¡d C{fËdm AÜ``Z§ Hw$d©pÝVŸ& {H«$.e. 1937 V_o df}

g§ñH¥V_hm{dÚmb`ñ` Amaå^… A^dV²Ÿ& AÌ àW_mH$ú`mV…

{dÛV²H$ú`mn`©ÝV§ gd©ñVar`g§ñH¥$V{ejUñ` ì`dñWm àH$pënVm dV©VoŸ&

AÌ doXnmR>embm A{n gwemo^VoŸ& à{Vdfª g§ñH¥$VmoËgd… _hVm d¡^doZ

AmM`©VoŸ& {dXwfm§ gå_mZZ_² A{n {H«$`VoŸ&

4) H$_©`mo{JZ… S>mŸ&& {edHw$_mañdm{_Z… 03-03-1930 V… Amaä`

lr {gÕJ“m_R>ñ` nrR>mYrem… ^yËdm {damOÝVoŸ& EVofm§ Or{dVgmYZ§

eãX¡… dU©{`Vw§ Z eŠ`VoŸ& {deofV… EVofm§ {Ì{dYXmZ§ ñ_aUr`_²Ÿ& `Wm

AÞXmZ_², kmZXmZ_², Y_©XmZ_² M B{VŸ& Aï>ghòm` N>mÌoä`… à{V{XZ§

àgmX… Xr`VoŸ& AÌË`m_² AÞXmZnÕqV gd} JÊ`m… ~hþYm àe§gpÝVŸ&

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lr ~gdoídañ` H«$mpÝV`moJ…, lr {gÕam_ñ` H$_©`moJ…, lr A„_à^mo…

d¡am½`_² EVofm§ g“_… ñdm{_Zm§ OrdZo Ñí`VoŸ& amï´>ñ` CÞË`¡ EVofm§

`moJXmZ§ gd£… AZwH$aUr`_²Ÿ&

5) ñdm{_Zm§ Xe©Z^m½`§ Vw gd}fm_² A{n ^ŠVmZm§ gd©Xm dV©VoŸ& EVofm§

ñ_aUe{ŠV… AgmYmaUrŸ& gm¡OÝ`_y{V©…, bmoH${hV{MÝVH$…, VÎd{ddoH$s,

AÜ`mË_{Zð>…, gd©Y_©g_^mdr, MbZerb… B{V M EVo à»`mVm…Ÿ&

na_nyÁ`mZm§ S>mŸ&& lr {edHw$_mañdm{_Zm§ OrdZ§ g_mOñ` AmXe©^yV§

dV©VoŸ&

Ed§ lr {gÕJ“mjoÌ§ n{dÌjoÌofw AÝ`V_§ dV©Vo & d`§ gd} àË`jV…

lrjoÌ§ JËdm lr lrJwê$Um§ Xe©Z§ H¥$Ëdm YÝ`m… ^do_Ÿ&

Aä`mg…

1. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&

`Wm - lram_ñ` nËZr grVmŸ& Am_²>

1. àm`… fQ²>eVdf}ä`… àmH$²> lrjoÌ_maãY_²>Ÿ&

2. ñdm{_d`©… ñdhñVoZ d¥jñ` ñneª H¥$VdmZ²>Ÿ&

3. S>mŸ&& {edHw$_mañdm{_Z… BXmZrÝVZnrR>mYrem… gpÝVŸ&

4. lr~gdoídañ` H$_©`moJ… AVrd à{gÕ…Ÿ&

2. aoIm{‘>VnXmZ² Am{lË` àíZ{Z_m©U§ Hw$éVŸ&

1. g§ñH¥$Vñ` AÜ``ZmWª nmR>embm… ñWm{nVm…Ÿ&

2. {H«$.e. 1917 V_o df} g§ñH¥$VnmR>embm`m… Amaå^… A^dV²>&

3. {gÕJ“mjoÌo doXnmR>embm A{n gwemo^VoŸ&

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4. AÞXmZ{dfò S>mŸŸ&& lr {edHw$_mañdm{_Z… à{gÕm… gpÝVŸ&

5. nmR>embmgw g§ñH¥$V{ejU§ àMb{V &

3. {b“-{d^{ŠV-dMZm{Z {bIV &

1. {dÚmb`… 2. Ob_² 3. ^mfm`m: 4. N>mÌm…


1. lr ~gdoída… - H«$mpÝV`moJ… ; lr A„_à^w… ..............Ÿ&

2. nrR>mYremZm§ - _R>… ; N>mÌmUm_² ..............Ÿ&

3. _¡gyé - _hmZJa_² ; {gÕJ“m .............Ÿ&

4. nwéfmWm©… - MËdma… ; XmZm{Z .............Ÿ&

5. JwédÝXZ_² - à{Vdf©_² ; AÞXmZ_² ..............Ÿ&


1. N>mÌ… 2. AÞ_²> 3. {ed…


1. n{dÌ_² 2. ôX… 3. ñ_aU_²

7. g§`moÁ` {bIV&

A Am

1. {dXwfm_²> àW_m

2. eãX¡… {ÛVr`m

3. H$_©`moJ_² gá_r

4. Vnñdr fð>r

5. ^ŠVofw V¥Vr`m

MVwWu

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8. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b ^mf`m dm

{bIV

1. {gÕJ“mjoÌo J“m`m… CØd…Ÿ&

2. g§ñH¥$V{ejUo lrjoÌñ` `moJXmZ_²>Ÿ&

AdYo`m§e…

joÌñ` {deofVm -

* lr {gÕ{b“oídañdm{_Z… _pÝXa_²

* J“m_mVw… Xe©Z_² (ñd`_od CØÿVm)

* Jmoembm, _hVr H$ë`mUrŸ&

* pñWadñVwàXe©Z_²Ÿ&

* {XZo {Ûdma§ N>mÌmUm§ gm_y{hH$àmW©Zm

{H«$`mH$bmn…

1. C{MV¡: nX¡: [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&

1. dmë_r{H$: (am_mÙ_²>) ................ aM{`VmŸ&

2. H$m{bXmg: (aKwd§e_²>) ............... aM{`VmŸ&

3. ì`mg: (_hm^maV_²>) ............... aM{`VmŸ&

4. ~mU: (H$mXå~arJ«ÝW…) ............... aM{`VmŸ&

5. {dîUwe_m© (n#mVÝÌ_²>) .............. aM{`Vm

6. ZmamÙnpÊS>V: ({hVmonXoe:) .............. aM{`VmŸ&

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2. g§`moO`VŸ&

H$ I CÎmam{U

1. EVñ` Vofm_²>

2. ^ŠVñ` Añ_mH$_²>

3. na_nyÁ`ñ` EVofm_²>

4. Vñ` ^ŠVmZm_²>

5. __ na_nyÁ`mZm_²>

3. H$ñ` Cn[a {H$_²> ApñV B{V {bIVŸ&

`Wm - am_mÙñ` Cn[a _hm^maV_²> ApñVŸ&

n#mVÝÌ_²>

Zr{VeVH$_²>

{hVmonXoe…

nwamU_²>

Zr{VH$Wm

^mJdV_²

aKwd§e_²

^JdÒrVm

_hm^maV_²

am_mÙ_²

1. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

2. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

3. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

4. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

5. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

6. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

7. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

8. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

9. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

10. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

(Ed_{n dmŠ`m{Z H$Vwª eŠ`Vo - CXm - n#mVÝÌñ` AY: Zr{VeVH$_²> ApñV&)

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4. CXmhaUmZwgma§ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

`Wm-(H$mdoarZXr) H$mdoarZÚm… Vrao lra§JnÎmZ§

1. (A`moÜ`m) ............. amOm XeaW…Ÿ&

2. (XeaW:) ............. MËdma… nwÌm…Ÿ&

3. (àW_:) ............. Zm_ am_…Ÿ&

4. ({ÛVr`:) ............. Zm_ âV…Ÿ&

5. (grVm) ............. n{V… lram_…Ÿ&

6. (Ah_²) ............. EVV² nwñVH$_²Ÿ&

7. (Y_©amO…) ............. AZwO… ^r_…Ÿ&

8. (EH$bì`…) ............. Jwé…ÐmoUmMm`©…Ÿ&

9. (JUoe…) ............. Efm embmŸ&

10. (aoIm) ............. AJ«O… gwaoe…&

*****

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Ì`moXe… nmR>…

npÊS>V^mñH$a…

nr{R>H$m - maV^y{_… ~hÿZm§ _hmnwéfmUm§ OÝ_^y{_…Ÿ& AÌ OmVm… ~hd…

AZoHo$fw joÌofw n[aUVm… gpÝVŸ& VÌ g§ñH¥$VjoÌo AJ«JÊ`… {dÛmZ²> a“ZmWe_m©Ÿ&

1. H$Um©Q>Ho$fw {ed_mo½Jm_ÊS>b§ _boZmSw>gr_m`m… amOYmZr B{V à{gÕ_²Ÿ& VÌ

gmoa~Zm_Ho$ Cn_ÊS>bo ZS>h„r B{V H$üZ J«m_… ApñVŸ& Vpñ_Z² J«m_o lr

{Vå_ßnd`©… Zm_ H$üZ H¥$fH$… AmgrV²Ÿ& Vñ` nËZr lr_Vr OmZH$å_mŸ&

V`mo… XånË`mo… MËdma… nwÌm…, {Vò… nwÍ`… MŸ& Vofw MVwW©… nwÌ… lr

a“ZmWe_m©Ÿ& Ef… _hm^mJ… "amjg'Zm_Ho$ g§dËgao (06-04-1916)

d¡emIewŠb- n#må`m§ "nwZd©gw'ZjÌo AOm`VŸ&

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2. H¥${f…, doXmÝV…, moJ…, Am`wd}X… BË`m{Xfw n[aUV… lr do‘>ßnd`©… EVñ`

{nV¥ì`…Ÿ& {nV¥ìòU ào[aVñ` lr a“ZmWd`©ñ` àmW{_H$… {dÚmä`mg…

ñdJ«m_o Edm^dV²Ÿ& ~mëò Ed g§ñH¥$VmÜ``Zo {deofê$noUmgŠV… Ef…

_hm^mJ… "AJ{S>'J«m_ñWo AmZÝXdZo, "Ho$b{X'J«m_ñWo lr am_oídajoÌo

M AÜ``Z_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& _hmoX`ñ` {dÚmJwéfw lr Ho$edemór, lr

ZmamÙemñÌr M à_wIm¡Ÿ&

3. a“ZmWd ©… H$mì`gm{hË`mÜ``ZmZÝVa§ ~o“byéZJao lr Mm_amOoÝX«g§ñH¥$V-

_hm{dÚmb o CÞVmÜ``Zñ`maå^_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& _hVm H$ï>oZ AmË_{dídmgoZ

M n{R>Ëdm ""OrdZ² ^Ðm{U ní`{V'' B{V dMZñ` gmW©Š`_² AH$amoV²Ÿ&

Ab‘>ma-ì`mH$aU-doXmÝV emóofw "{dÛV²'- nXdt gånmÚ ñdmÜ`mòZ

H$ÞS>npÊS>Vnarjm_² A{n g_wÎmrU©… A^dV²Ÿ&

4. AÜ``ZmZÝVa§ H$m{ZMZ dfm©{U àm¡T>embm`m_² AÜ`mnH$… ^yËdm

H$m`ª {ZadhV²Ÿ& Aï>MËdm[aëX{YH$ZdXeeV (1948) V_o df} lr

Mm_amOoÝÐg§ñH¥$V- _hm{dÚmbò Ed ì`mH$aUemóñ` àmÜ`mnH$ËdoZ

{Z`wŠVmo@^dV²Ÿ&

5. AÜ``ZmÜ`mnZo gXm {ZaV… Ef… _hmoX`… g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ H$ÞS> mfm`m§

M fîQ>ç{YH$mZ²> J«ÝWmZ²> AaM`V²>Ÿ& lr e‘>aM[aVm_¥V_², Hw$gw_mÄO{b…,

EH$MH«$_²² BË`mX`… g§ñH¥$VJ«ÝWm…Ÿ& lram_MÝÐ…, ì`mgahñ`_², bm¡{H$H$Ý`m`…

M H$ÞS>J«ÝWm… à_wIm…Ÿ& AZwdmXH¥${Vfw lr_Ûmë_r{H$am_mÙ_²,

A_aH$moe…, {dXwaZr{V… M à{gÕm… J«ÝWm…Ÿ& EVñ` _hmZw mdñ` Xoe^{ŠV§,

amï´>{hV{MÝVZ§, àm_m{UH$Vm§ M VXrÒrdZnÕË`m§ boIZofw M ní`m_…Ÿ&

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6. ""H$mìèmó{dZmoXoZ H$mbmo JÀN>[V Yr_Vm_²'' B{V dMZñ` a“ZmWd ©ñ`

OrdZ_od CXmhaU_²Ÿ& Ef… amÁ`moËgd nwañH$ma…, amï´>n{VnwañH$ma…

_hm_hmonmÜ`m`… BË`m{X{^… àepñV{^… gå_m{ZV… & fQ²>gáË`{YH$ZdXeeV

(1976) V_o df} {Zd¥Îm…Ÿ&

Aä`mg…


1. a“ZmWd`©ñ` {nVam¡ H$m¡ ?

2. a“ZmWd`©: Ho$fw emñÌofw {dÛV² nXdr_² Ab^V ?

3. a“ZmWd`©ñ` AZwdmXH¥$V`… H$m:?

4. a“ZmWd`©: Hw$Ì AYrVdmZ² ?

2. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&

1. lr a“ZmWd`©… g§ñH¥$VmÜ``Zo AmgŠV…Ÿ&

2. XånË`mo… {ÛVr`… nwÌ… lr a“ZmWd`©…Ÿ&

3. "nwZd©gw…' lra“ZmW_hmoX`ñ` OÝ_ZjÌ_²>Ÿ&

4. ~mëò lr a“ZmWe_m© Eoíd`}U `wŠV…Ÿ&

5. lr a“ZmW_hmoX`… {dXoeo AYrVdmZ²>Ÿ&


1. AÌ¡H$… 2. Hw$gw_mÄO{b… 3. nr{S>Vmo@{n

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4. g§`moO`VŸ&

A Am

1. {ed_mo½Jm d¡emIewŠbn#m_r

2. lr a“ZmWe_m© {nV¥ì`…

3. do‘>ßnd`©… _boZmSw>gr_m

4. {Vò… nwÌm…

5. MËdma… nwÍ`…


1. dfm©{U 2. {nV¥ìòU 3. _hmoX`ñ` 4. emñÌofw

6. AÝ`{b“nXm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. lr_Vr 2. AÜ`mnH$… 3. nËZr 4. {nV¥ì`…


1. AZmamo½`_²> 2. CÎmrU©… 3. nwÊ`_² 4. à{gÕ…

AdYo`m§e…

H$maH$_²

H$Vm© H$_© M H$aU§ gåàXmZ§ VW¡d MŸ&

AnmXmZm{YH$aU{_Ë`mhþ… H$maH$m{U fQ²>Ÿ&&

CXmhaUdmŠ`m{Z

àW_m{d^{ŠV: Jmo{dÝX: nR>{VŸ& (H$Vm©)

{ÛVr`m{d^{ŠV: am_: \$b§ ImX{VŸ& (H$_©)

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V¥Vr`m{d^{ŠV : Jwé: ~mbH§$ XÊS>oZ VmS>`{VŸ& (H$aU_²>)

MVwWu{d^{ŠV : _mVm {^jwH$m` AÞ§ `ÀN>{VŸ& (gåàXmZ_²>)

n#m_r{d^{ŠV : d¥jmV²> \$b§ nV{VŸ& (AnmXmZ_²>)

gá_r{d^{ŠV : {Jare: J«m_o dg{VŸ& (A{YH$maU_²>)

`V²> {H«$``m gh gå~Õ§ ^d{V, VV²> H$maH$_²>Ÿ&

H$maH$m{U {d^{º$: CXmhaU_²>H$V¥© àW_m amOmH$_© {ÛVr`m YZ_²H$aU_²> V¥Vr`m H$aoUgåàXmZ_²> MVwWu X[aÐmÀnmXmZ_²> n#m_r H$moemV²>A{YH$aU_²> gá_r amOg^m`m_²>

`ÀN>{V

{H«$`mH$bmn…

aoIm{‘>VnXmZm§ H$maH$Zm_ {bIV &

1. g… ~mbH$: ApñVŸ& gm AÜ`m{nH$m ApñVŸ&

2. _mYd: embm§ JÀN>{VŸ& grVm _Ywa§ Jm`{VŸ&

3. godH$… ^ma§ dh{VŸ& d¥f^: nmX¡: Mb{VŸ&

4. g¡{ZH$m: IS²>JoZ ajpÝVŸ& Aœm: J«mgoZ OrdpÝVŸ&

5. Vmngm: \$b¡: OrdpÝVŸ& {nVm nwÌoU gh JÀN>{VŸ&

6. AÜ`mnH$: N>mÌm` kmZ§ `ÀN>{VŸ&

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7. Y{ZH$: godHo$ä`: dñÌm{U XXm{VŸ&

8. a_oe: J«m_mV²> àmV: AmJÀN>{VŸ&

9. _{hbm: CÚmZoä`: \$bm{Z AmZ`pÝVŸ&

10. d¥jmV²> \$b§ nV{VŸ&

11. JOm¡ _mJ} MbV:Ÿ& _mZdm: J¥hofw dgpÝVŸ&

12. qghm: dZo {ZdgpÝVŸ& N>mÌm: {dÚmbòfw nR>pÝVŸ&

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

*****

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MVwX©e… nmR>…

g_mg…

AW©_²> AZwg¥Ë` nXÛ`ñ` AWdm AZoHo$fm§ nXmZm§ g§jonoU H$WZ§ g_mg…&

g_mg B{V nXñ` "gL²>jon…' BË`W©…Ÿ& Ed_²> AW©demV² EH$s yV§ nX§ g_ñV§ nX_²&

`Wm - amk… nwÌ… B{V nXÛ`ñ` g_mgo "amOnwÌ…' B{V g_ñV§ nX_²Ÿ& g_ñVñ`

nXñ` {ddaU§ òZ dmŠòZ {H«$`Vo VV² dmŠ`§ {dJ«hdmŠ`_²Ÿ& `Wm - H$_©Hw$eb…

B{V g_ñV§ nX_²Ÿ& Vñ` "H$_©{U Hw$eb…' B{V {dJ«hdmŠ`_²Ÿ&

g_mgo MËdma… ôXm… gpÝV &

1. ÛÝÛg_mg… (am_H¥$îUm¡)

2. VËnwéfg_mg… (Mmoa^`_²)

3. ~hþd«r{hg_mg… (nrVmå~a…- {dîUw…)

4. Aì``r^mdg_mg… (CnZJa_²)

1. ÛÝÛg_mg: - (gyÌ_²- MmW} ÛÝÛ:)

ÛÝÛg_mgo g_mgKQ>H$mZm§ gd}fm§ nXmZm§ AWm©: àYmZm: ^d[ÝV & `[X

nXÛ`§ MoV² g_ñVnX§ [ÛdMZo ^d[V & AZoH$m[Z nXm[Z gpÝV MoV² g_ñVnX§

~hþ>dMZo ^d[V &

ÛÝÛg_mg: [ÛYm- 1) BVaoVaÛÝÛ: & 2) g_mh>maÛÝÛ: B[V &

1) BVaoVaÛÝÛg_mg: - AÌ CÎmanXñ` `[„“§> ^d[V VXod g_ñVnXñ`

[b“§> ^d[V &

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`Wm:- am_ü bú_Uü - am_bú_Um¡ &

Hw$¸w$Q>ü _`yar M = Hw$¸w$Q>_`y`m£ &

h[aü haü = h[aham¡ &

Y_©ü AW©ü H$m_ü _mojü = Y_m©W©H$m__mojm: &

am_ü bú_Uü âVü eÌw¿Zü = am_bú_UâVeÌw¿Zm: &

Amh>maü [ZÐm M ^`§ M = Amh>ma[ZÐm^`m[Z &

n[ÊS>Vü d[ZVm M bVm M = n[ÊS>Vd[ZVmbVm: &

2) g_mhmaÛÝÛg_mg:

A[ñ_Z² g_mgo g_yh>mW©: Ed àYmZ: ^d[V & [dJ«h>dmŠò Vw "g_mh>ma'

B[V à`wÁ`Vo & gm_mÝ`V: AÌ g_ñVnX§ [ZË`§ Znw§gH$ {b“o ^d{V&

CXm:- nmUr M nmXm¡ M EVofm§ g_mh>ma: = nm[UnmX_² &

KQ>ü nQ>ü EV`mo: g_mh>ma: = KQ>nQ>_² &

a[WH$mü Aœmamoh>mü EVofm§ g_mh>ma: = a[WH$mœamoh_²

nwÌü nm¡Ìmü EVofm§ g_mh>ma: = nwÌnm¡Ì_² &

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Aä`mg…

1. g§ñH¥$V^mf`m CÎma§ {bIVŸ&

1. g_mgmo Zm_ H$… ?

2. g_mgôXmZ²> {bIVŸ&

3. g_ñV§ nX§ Zm_ {H$_²> ?

4. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ Zm_ {H$_² ?

2. g_ñVnX§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIVŸ&

1. h[a… M ha… M

2. n#mmZm§ VÝÌmUm§ g_mhma…

3. npÊS>V… M d{ZVm M bVm M

4. H¥$îU… M AOw©Z… M

3. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIVŸ&

1. ~«åhmmÀ`wVe‘>am… 2. ^r_mOw©Zm¡

3. d{gð>{dœm{_Ìm¡ 4. am_bú_Um¡

*****

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nÄMXe… nmR>…

VnmodZm{^J_Z_²>

nr{R>H$m -

H$mì`§ {Û{dY_²>Ÿ& ""Ñí`H$mì`§ lì`H$mì`§ M'' B{VŸ& ZmQ>H§$ Ñí`H$mì`§

^d{VŸ& ""H$mìòfw ZmQ>H§$ aå`_²'' B{V dmŠ`§ à{gÕ_²Ÿ& A{^Z``mo½`§ gwÝXa§

ZmQ>H§$ g§ñH¥$V^maË`m àH$m{eVmV² ""H${dH$monH$bmn…'' B{V ZmQ>H$gL²>J«hmV²

ñdrH¥$V_² ApñVŸ&

(XeaWñ`mñWmZ_²Ÿ& XeaW… d{gð>… M Cn{dï>m¡ ñV…Ÿ& godH$… à{de{V)

godH$… - (à{dí`) O`Vw _hmamO…! à^mo ! {dídm{_Ì_h{f©… AmJV…

ApñVŸ&

XeaW… - (CËWm`) H$… .....? {dídm{_Ì_h{f©… ? V§ erK«_od AÝV…

àdoe`Ÿ&

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godH$… - `Xmkmn`{V _hmamO…Ÿ&

(JÀN>{VŸ& {dídm{_ÌoU gh àË`mJÀN>{VŸ&)

XeaW… - _hf}Ÿ& A{^dmXò ! (àU_{V)

{dídm{_Ì… - _hmamO ! {dO`r ^d !

XeaW… - EVXmgZ_² Ab‘>amoVwŸ&

{dídm{_Ì… - VW¡d AñVwŸ& (Cn{de{VŸ)

XeaW… - nyÁ` ! gdª Hw$eb§ {H$_²>?

{dídm{_Ì… - Am_² ! _hmamO ! gdª Hw$eb_²Ÿ&

XeaW… - ^dV… AmJ_Zñ` H$maU§ kmVw_² Ahm©{_ {H$_² ?

{dídm{_Ì… - dXm{_Ÿ& naÝVw dmZ² _`m V² Ano{jV§ "VV² XXm{V' MoV²> ....Ÿ&

XeaW… - _hf} ! {H$_Wª g§e`…Ÿ& dmZ²> V² BÀN>{V VV² {Zü oZ XXm{_Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - amOZ² ! d`§ bmoH${hVmWª k§ Hw$d©ÝV… ñ_…Ÿ& naÝVw Ho$MZ amjgm…

`ko {d¿Z_² CËnmX`ÝV… gpÝVŸ&

XeaW… - Ho$ Vo amjgm… ?

{dídm{_Ì… - VmQ>H$m Zm_ amjgr ApñVŸ& _marM… gw~mhþ… M Vñ`m… nwÌm¡Ÿ&

EVo Añ_mZ² nrS>`pÝVŸ&

XeaW… - qH$ Hw$d©pÝV Vo ?

{dídm{_Ì… - `kg_m{ág_ò `kdo{XH$m`m§ aŠV_m§gm{XH§$ {jßËdm `k§

Zme`pÝVŸ&

XeaW… - Ahmo XwamË_mZ…Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - VXWª amjgg§hma§ H¥$Ëdm `mJñ` ajU§ H$Vwª ^dV: nwÌ§> am_§ _`m

gh àof`VwŸ&

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XeaW… - {H$§ dX{V _hf}Ÿ! amjgmZm§ g§hmamWª am_… àofUr`…?

{dídm{_Ì… - Am_² ! am_§ bú_U§ M àof`VwŸ&

XeaW… - _hf} ! am_… BXmZt n#mXedfu`… ~mb…Ÿ& g… H$W§ dm amjgmZm§

g§hma§ Hw$`m©V² ? bú_U… Vw BVmo@{n ~mb…Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - amOZ² ! am_… amjgg§hma§ H$Vwª g_W©©… ApñVŸ& V_od àof`VwŸ&

XeaW… - _mñVw lr_Z²>! ~hþH$mbmV² AZÝVa§ _`m nwÌm… àmám…Ÿ& VmZ² nwÌmZ²

Xya§ àof{`Vw_² Ah§ H$W§ eŠZmo{_ ?

{dídm{_Ì… - (gH$mon_²) V{h© __ `kñ` ajU§ H$W_² ?

XeaW… - V{Ûfò {MÝVm _mñVwŸ& MVwa“~boZ gh Ah_odmJÀN>m{_Ÿ&

amjgg§hma§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - ({dhñ`) Vo amjgm… gmYmaUm… B{V _m {MÝV`VwŸ& Vofm§ dY§

H$Vwª lram_… Ed g_W©…Ÿ& V_od àof`VwŸ&

XeaW… - _hf} ! jå`Vm_²Ÿ& EVmdËn`©ÝV§ am_… H$Xm{n amO^dZmV² ~{h…

Z JVdmZ²Ÿ& g… Kmoao AaÊ o H$W§ g#mma§ H$[aî`{V ? _mñVw _hf}!

_mñVw .......

{dídm{_Ì… - V{h© ^dmZ² am_§ àof{`Vw§ Z BÀN>{V ?

XeaW… - naÝVw Ah_od AmJÀN>m{_ {H$b.......Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - Zmno{jV_²Ÿ& `{X eŠ`§ am_§ bú_U§ M àof`VwŸ& Zmo MoV² J_Zm`

AZw_qV XXmVwŸ&

XeaW… - (ñdJV_²) qH$ H$amo{_ BXmZr_² .......?

d{gð>… - XeaW ! (gmÝËdZ§ H$amo{V)

XeaW… - d{gð>_hf} ! ^dmZ² gdª lwVdmZ² {H$b ! qH$ Hw$_©… BXmZr_² ?

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103

d{gð>… - _hmamO ! Ef… {dídm{_Ì… gm_mÝ`… ZŸ& ñd`§ j{Ì`Hw$bo OmV…

A{n ñdà`ËZoZ Ed ~«÷{f©nX§ àmádmZ²Ÿ& {Ìe‘x>-_hmamO§ gXoh§

ñdJª à{V ào{fVdmZ² Ef…Ÿ& EVñ` gm_Ï`©_² AgmYmaU_²Ÿ& EVoZ

gh am_bú_Um¡ àof`{V MoV² V`mo… _hmZ² bm^… Ed {dî`{VŸ&

XeaW… - V{h©....... ^dV… A{^àm`mo@{n VW¡d dm ?

d{gð>… - Am_²Ÿ& V… {dídm{_Ì… eñÌemñÌ`mo… nma“V…Ÿ& VoZ am_bú_Um¡

A{n Vñ` CnXoe§ àmáw_² Ah©V…Ÿ&

XeaW… - AñVwŸ& `{X ^dV… Ame`mo@{n Ed_od V{h© Adí`§ àof`m{_Ÿ&

({díd{_Ì§ à{V) _hf} ! jU§ {Vð>VwŸ& am_bú_Um¡ AÌ¡d

Amˆ`m{_Ÿ& H$… VÌ..... ?

godH$… - Amkmn`Vw _hmamO…Ÿ&

XeaW… - BXmZr_od am_bú_Um¡ AÌ AmZ`VwŸ&

godH$… - `Xmkmn`{V _hmamO…Ÿ& (JÀN>{VŸ& am_bú_Umä`m§ gh

AmJÀN>{V)

am_… bú_U… M - OZH$ ! A{^dmXòŸ&

XeaW… - Am`wî_mZ² ^d ! Am`wî_mZ² ^dŸ&

am_… bú_U…M - (d{gð>_²) nyÁ` ! A{^dmXòŸ&

d{gð>… - H$s{V©_mZ² ^dŸ& H$s{V©_mZ² ^dŸ&

XeaW… - VÌ ní`VwŸ& g… {dídm{_Ì_h{f©…Ÿ& g… Añ_mH§$ gd}fm_{n nyÁ`…Ÿ&

am_… bú_U… M - _hf} ! A{^dmXòŸ&

{dídm{_Ì… - {dO`r ^dŸ& {dO`r ^dŸ&

XeaW… - dËg ! am_ ! Ef… {dídm{_Ì… Jm{YamOñ` nwÌ…Ÿ& g… BXmZt

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104

^dV… gmhmæ`_² BÀN>>{VŸ&

am_… - (Amü`}U) qH$ __ gmhmæ`_² ? {nV… ! {dZmoXmW©_² Ed§ dX{V

qH$ ^dmZ² ?

{dídm{_Ì… - Z¡dŸ& ^dV… {nVm `V² dX{V VV² gË`_odŸ& dËgŸ& Ah§

bmoH$H$ë`mUm` `k_oH§$ Hw$d©Z² Apñ_Ÿ& VÌ amjgm… {d¿Z_²

CËnmX`pÝVŸ& Vo amjgm… ^dVm _maUr`m…Ÿ&

am_… - naÝVw....... VmZ² amjgmZ² _ma{`Vw_² Ah§ g_W©… dm ?

{dídm{_Ì… - {H$_Wª Z ? ^dÝV§ {dZm Z H$mo @{n g_W©…Ÿ& AV… ^dVmo…

gmhmæ`_² Anoú`VoŸ&

bú_U… - _hf}Ÿ! Vo amjgm… Hw$Ì gpÝV ?

{dídm{_Ì… - Vo AaÊ o gpÝVŸ& VÌ¡d dÝVm¡ Z`m{_Ÿ& (_hmamO§ à{V) _hmamO!

{H$§ dX{V ^dmZ² ?

XeaW… - _hf} ! ^dV… Hw$bJwamo… d{gð>ñ` M dMZmZwgma§ am_bú_Um¡

^dVm gh àof`m{_Ÿ& dËg, am_ ! dËg, bú_U ! AÚ Amaä`

_h{f©… {dídm{_Ì… ^dVmo… Jwé…Ÿ& Vñ`mXoe… nmbZr`…Ÿ&

am_… bú_U… M - {nV… ! Adí`§ nmb`md…Ÿ&

XeaW… - ({dídm{_Ì_² C{Ôí`) _hf} ! AÚn`©ÝV§ EVm¡ Hw$Ìm{n Z

JVdÝVm¡Ÿ& H¥$n`m Vm¡ OmJê$H$V`m ZoVì`m¡Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - amOZ² ! {MÝVm _mñVwŸ& __ nwÌm¡ Bd EVm¡ dY©`m{_Ÿ&

XeaW… - am_bú_Um¡ ~mbm¡Ÿ& V`mo… gå^mfUo, AmMaUo dm AnamYm…

^do`w…Ÿ& H¥$n`m Vm¡ jÝVì`m¡Ÿ&

{díd{_Ì… - amOZ² ! am_bú_Um¡ Z gmYmaUm¡, A{n Vw AdVmanwéfm¡Ÿ& AV…

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V`mo… {dfò {MÝVm Ed _mñVwŸ&

XeaW… - (am_bú_Um¡ Am{bL²>½`) _hf}… `kg§ajU§ H¥$Ëdm erK«_od

àË`mJå`Vm_²Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - _hmamO ! V{h© d`§ gmY`m_…Ÿ&

(gd} JÀN>pÝVŸ& XeaW… ní`Z² ^d{V)

H${dH$mì`{dMma… H${d… - S>mŸ&& hoM², Ama², {dídmg… OÝ_ñWmZ_² - H$moßn VmbyH$, {MŠH$_“byé _ÊS>b_² OZZ_² - 30-03-1959. H¥$V`… - Aä`mgnwñVH$_², AmYw{ZH$-ZmQ>H$m{Z, {eewJrVm{Z,

gå^mfUg§ñH¥$V_² BË`mX`…Ÿ&

Aä`mg…


1. F$f`… {H$_Wª `k§ Hw$d©pÝV ?

2. amjgm… H$W§ `k§ Zme`pÝV ?

3. XeaWñ` Hw$bJwé… H$… ?

4. {dídm{_Ì… H$ñ` nwÌ… ?

2. [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

1. Ho$MZ ................. `ko {d¿Z_wËnmX`pÝVŸ&

2. .............. Zm_ amjgr ApñVŸ&

3. am_… ............... H$Vwª g_W©… ApñVŸ&

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106

3. `Wm {ZX}e_wÎma§ {bIVŸ&

1. {dídm{_Ì_h{f©… AmJV… ApñVŸ& H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?2. am_§ bú_U§ M àof`VwŸ& H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV² ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?

4. {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&1. VW¡d 2. `Wmkmn`{V 3. Z¡d 4. dMZmZwgma_²>

5. {b“-{d^{ŠV-dMZm{Z {bIVŸ&1. do{XH$m`m_²> 2. nwÌmZ²> 3. amO^dZmV²

6. dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&1. kmVw_²> 2. H¥$Ëdm 3. erK«_²>

7. AÝ`{b“nX§ {bIVŸ&1. godH$… 2. AmJV… >3. Vñ`m… 4. ~mb…

8. n#mf¡… dmŠ ¡… CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, A“²b^mf`m dm {bIVŸ&1. {dídm{_Ì… am_bú_Um¡ {H$_Wª dZ_² AZ`V²> ? {dd¥UwVŸ&2. am_bú_U`mo… dZàofUmdgao XeaWñ` _Z…pñW{V… H$sÑer

AmgrV² ? {deX`VŸ&

AdYo`m§e…

àepñV… - ~mbgm{hË`àepñV…& g{hË` - AH$mS>o{_ - AZwdmX àepñV… -2010 {deof :- AmYw{ZH$g§ñH¥$Vgm{hËò ZyVZ{MÝVZ_²>, g§ñH¥$Vgå^mfUmÝXmobZo

`moJXmZ_², Ñí` - lì`_mÜ`_o {deof… n[al_…Ÿ& "g§ñH¥$V^maVr' g§ñWm`m… Amaå^mV² nyU©H$m{bH$… H$m`©H$Vm©Ÿ&

H${d{deofVm:

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107

{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`V

{eî`… - CnXoe§

{eî`m - boIZt

nwÌ… - \$b§

VZ`m - AmâU§

_mVm - dñÌ§

X[aÐ… - YZ§

{_Ì§ - nwñVH§$

CXm : AÜ`mnH$… {eî`m` CnXoe§ XXm{VŸ&

II. `Wm{ZX}e§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

1. _mVm - gwVm… - hma§

2. Y{ZH$… - X[aÐm… - dñÌm{U

3. d¡Ú… - é½Um… - Am¡fY§

4. AM©H$… - ^ŠVm… - nwînm{U `ÀN>{V

5. OZH$… - Aä`mJVm… - nmÚ§

6. AÜ`m{nH$m - N>mÌm… - _Ywa§

7. nmMH$… - ~m{bH$m… - amo{Q>H$m§

`Wm… - (1) _mVm gwVmä`… hma§ `ÀN>{VŸ&

EVo d¥ÎmmH$maoU Cn{depÝVŸ& BXmZr H$… /H$m, H$ñ_¡/ H$ñ`¡ H$ÝXwH§$

XXmVr{V CXmhaUmZwJwU§ {bIVŸ&

AÜ`mnH$… XXm{V

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108

H$ÝXwH§$ XXm{V

CXm - 1) a_oe… _mbm`¡ H$ÝXwH§$ XXm{VŸ&

III. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ nX_²> ApÝdî` {bIVŸ&

am {Y H$m `¡a _m `¡ `m©jm ` _m ` d`¡ km Y O {ZZm ` dm _m VmM Z ` Zm `¡a _o em `

1. H$m`m©` 2. d{ZVm`¡ 3. Ò_mZm` 4. Z`Zm`¡

5. ajm`¡ 6. aMZm`¡ 7. `km` 8. a_m`¡

9. am{YH$m`¡ 10. am_m`

*****

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109

fmoS>e… nmR>…

gw~ÝVm…

nX_²> BË`wŠVo AW©~moYH$… dU©g_yh…Ÿ& `{X dU©g_yhmË_H$… eãX… gw~ÝV… {VL>ÝVmo dm ^d{V V{h© Vñ` nX{_{V ì`dhma… ì`mH$aUemñÌo ^d{VŸ& AÌ

Ho$MZ gw~ÝVeãXm… àXÎmm…Ÿ&

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110

"Am' H$mamÝV… ór{b“… "H$bm' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. H$bm H$bo H$bm…

g§.à.{d. ho H$bo ho H$bo ho H$bm…{Û. {d H$bm_²> H$bo H$bm…V¥.{d. H$b`m H$bmä`m_²> H$bm{^…M.{d. H$bm`¡ H$bmä`m_²> H$bmä`…n§. {d H$bm`m: H$bmä`m_²> H$bmä`…f.{d. H$bm`m… H$b`mo… H$bmZm_²>g.{d. H$bm`m_²> H$b`mo… H$bmgw

Ed§ grVm, a_m, embm, BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…

"A' H$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b“… "dZ' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. dZ_²> dZo dZm{Z

g§.à.{d. ho dZ ho dZo ho dZm{Z{Û. {d dZ_²> dZo dZm{ZV¥.{d. dZoZ dZmä`m_²> dZ¡…M.{d. dZm` dZmä`m_²> dZoä`…n§. {d dZmV²> dZmä`m_²> dZoä`…f.{d. dZñ` dZ`mo… dZmZm_²>g.{d. dZo dZ`mo… dZofw

Ed§ \$b, Z`Z>, nwñVH$> BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…Ÿ&

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111

"B' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "h[a' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

à.{d. h[a… har ha`…g§.à.{d. ho hao ho har ho ha`…{Û. {d h[a_²> har harZ²>V¥.{d. h[aUm h[aä`m_² h[a{^…M.{d. haò h[aä`m_² h[aä`…n§. {d hao… h[aä`m_² h[aä`…f.{d. hao… h`m}… harUm_²g.{d. ham¡ h`m}… h[afw

Ed§ H${d, a{d, A{¾, {d{Y BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…Ÿ&

"B' H$mamÝV… ór{b“… "_{V' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. _{V…> _Vr _V`…

g§.à.{d. ho _Vo ho _Vr ho _V`…{Û. {d _{V_² _Vr _Vr…V¥.{d. _Ë`m _{Vä`m_² _{V{^…M.{d. _Ë`¡/_Vò _{Vä`m_² _{Vä`…n§. {d _Ë`m…/_Vo… _{Vä`m_² _{Vä`…f.{d. _Ë`m…/_Vo… _Ë`mo… _VrZm_²g.{d. _Ë`m_²/_Vm¡ _Ë`mo… _{Vfw

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112

"C' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "Jwé' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. Jwé… Jwê$ Jwad…

g§.à.{d. ho Jwamo ho Jwê$ ho Jwad…{Û. {d Jwé§ Jwê$ Jwê$Z²>V¥.{d. JwéUm Jwéä`m_²> Jwé{^…M.{d. Jwado Jwéä`m_²> Jwéä`…n§. {d Jwamo… Jwéä`m_² Jwéä`…f.{d. Jwamo… Jwdm}… Jwê$Um_²g.{d. Jwam¡ Jwdm}… Jwéfw

Ed§ eå^w, ^mZw, dm`w {dîUw BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…Ÿ&

"C' H$mamÝV… ór{b“… "YoZw' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. YoZw… YoZy YoZd…

g§.à.{d. ho YoZmo ho YoZy ho YoZd…{Û. {d YoZw_²> YoZy YoZy…V¥.{d. YoÝdm YoZwä`m_²> YoZw{^…M.{d. YoÝd¡ - YoZdo YoZwä`m_²> YoZwä`…n§. {d YoÝdm…-YoZmo… YoZwä`m_²> YoZwä`…f.{d. YoÝdm…-YoZmo… YoÝdmo… YoZyZm_²>g.{d. YoÝdm_²>-YoZm¡ YoÝdmo… YoZwfw

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113

"X' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "VX²>' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. g… Vm¡ Vo{Û. {d V_²> Vm¡ VmZ²V¥.{d. VoZ Vmä`m_² V¡…M.{d. Vñ_¡ Vmä`m_² Voä`…n§. {d Vñ_mV² Vmä`m_² Voä`…f.{d. Vñ` V`mo… Vofm_²g.{d. Vpñ_Z² V`mo… Vofw

"X' H$mamÝV… ñÌr{b“… VX²> eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. gm Vo Vm…{Û. {d Vm_²> Vo Vm…V¥.{d. V`m Vmä`m_²> Vm{^…M.{d. Vñ`¡ Vmä`m_²> Vmä`…n§. {d Vñ`m… Vmä`m_²> Vmä`…f.{d. Vñ`m… V`mo… Vmgm_²>g.{d. Vñ`m_² V`mo… Vmgw

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"X' H$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b“… "VX²>' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. VV²> Vo Vm{Z{Û. {d VV²> Vo Vm{ZV¥.{d. VoZ Vmä`m_²> V¡…M.{d. Vñ_¡ Vmä`m_²> Voä`…n§. {d Vñ_mV²> Vmä`m_²> Voä`…f.{d. Vñ` V`mo… Vofm_²>g.{d. Vpñ_Z²> V`mo… Vofw

"_' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "{H$_²>' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. H$… H$m¡ Ho${Û. {d H$_²> H$m¡ H$mZ²>V¥.{d. Ho$Z H$mä`m_²> H¡$…M.{d. H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…n§. {d H$ñ_mV²> H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…f.{d. H$ñ` H$`mo… Ho$fm_²>g.{d. H$pñ_Z²> H$`mo… Ho$fw

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"_' H$mamÝV… ñÌr{b“… "{H$_²>' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. H$m Ho$ H$m…{Û. {d H$m_²> Ho$ H$m…V¥.{d. H$`m H$mä`m_²> H$m{^…M.{d. H$ñ`¡ H$mä`m_²> H$mä`…n§. {d H$ñ`m… H$mä`m_²> H$mä`…f.{d. H$ñ`m… H$`mo… H$mgm_²>g.{d. H$ñ`m_²> H$`mo… H$mgw

"_' H$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b“… "{H$_²>' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. {H$_²> Ho$ H$m{Z{Û. {d {H$_²> Ho$ H$m{ZV¥.{d. Ho$Z H$mä`m_²> H¡$…M.{d. H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…n§. {d H$ñ_mV²> H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…f.{d. H$ñ` H$`mo… Ho$fm_²>g.{d. H$pñ_Z²> H$`mo… Ho$fw

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116

"X' H$mamÝV… {Ì{b“… "Añ_X²>' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. Ah_²> Amdm_²> d`_²{Û. {d _m_² / _m Amdm_² / Zm¡ Añ_mZ² / Z…V¥.{d. _`m Amdmä`m_² Añ_m{^…M.{d. _ø_² / _o Amdmä`m_² /Zm¡ Añ_ä`_² / Z…n§. {d _V² Amdmä`m_² Añ_V²f.{d. __ / _o Amd`mo… / Zm¡ Añ_mH§$ / Z…g.{d. _{` Amd`mo… Añ_mgw

"X' H$mamÝV… {Ì{b“… "`wî_X²>' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.dà.{d. Ëd_²> `wdm_² `y`_²{Û. {d Ëdm_² / Ëdm `wdm_² / dm_² `wî_mZ² / d…V¥.{d. Ëd`m `wdmä`m_² `wî_m{^…M.{d. Vwä`_² / Vo `wdmä`m_²/dm_² `wî_ä`_²/d…n§. {d ËdV² `wdmä`m_² `wî_V²f.{d. Vd/Vo `wd`mo… / dm_² `wî_mH$_²/d…g.{d. Ëd{` `wd`mo… `wî_mgw

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{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

E.d. {Û.{d. ~.d.

l à.{d. am_: .......... am_m:

g§.à.{d. ho AO ho AOm¡ ..........

{Û.{d. .......... JOm¡ ..........

V¥.{d. _mYdoZ .......... ..........

M.{d. .......... .......... _wHw$ÝXoä`:

n§.{d. IJmV² .......... ..........

f.{d. .......... ZJ`mo: ..........

g.{d. d¥jo .......... ..........

l à.{d. _mbm .......... _mbm:

g§.à.{d. ho H$bo .......... ho H$bm:

{Û. {d .......... amYo ..........

V¥.{d. emb`m .......... embm{^:

M.{d. .......... grVmä`m_²> ..........

n§. {d d{ZVm`m: .......... ..........

f.{d. .......... .......... _{hbmZm_²>

g.{d. a_m`m§ .......... ..........

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l à.{d. .......... dZo ..........

g§.à.{d. ho kmZ .......... ho kmZm{Z

{Û. {d .......... .......... \$bm{Z

V¥.{d. nwñVHo$Z .......... ..........

M.{d. Z`Zm` .......... Z`Zoä`:

n§. {d .......... `ÝÌmä`m_²> ..........

f.{d. YZñ` .......... ..........

g.{d. .......... eara`mo: ..........

II. H$moï>Ho$ H$m{ZMZ nXm{Z gpÝVŸ& Vm{Z Cn`wÁ` CÎmam{U {bIVŸ&

n{ÌH$m_²>, amY`m, grVm`m:, ew^m`¡, AZwOm`m_²>, a_m

1. AÌ H$m nR>{V ?

....................................

2. gm H$m§ nR>[V ?

....................................

3. gm H$`m gh nR>{V ?

....................................

4. gm H$ñ`¡ \$bm{Z `ÀN>{V ?

....................................

5. gm H$ñ`m: nwÌr ApñV ?

....................................

6. gm H$ñ`m§ {díd{g{V ?

....................................

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III. EVm{Z dmŠ`m{Z {d^{ŠVH«$_oU {bIVŸ&

am_:

J¥ho Aä`mg§ H$amo{V

_wI§ àjmb`{V

^mñH$am` Z_: B{V dX{V

ZoÌmä`m§ XodXe©Z§ H$amo{V OZH$mV²> {XZn{ÌH$m§ ñdrH$amo{V

ho Xod! _m§ aj! B{V dX{V

àmV: C{Îmð>>{V {_Ìñ` nwñVH$_²> BÀN>{V

IV. AH$mamÝVnw§{b“eãXmZm§ ñWmZo AmH$mamÝVñÌr{b“eãXmZ²> Cn`wÁ`

{bIVŸ&

CXm - ~mbH$m¡ YmdV:Ÿ& ~m{bHo$ YmdV:Ÿ& (~m{bH$m)

1) {eî`: _yfH$mZ²> ní`{VŸ& {eî`m ............. ní`{VŸ& (_y{fH$m)

2) nwÌ: OZHo$Z gh JÀN>{VŸ& nwÌ: ............. gh JÀN>{V (Aå~m)

3) _mVm gwVm` jra§ ÀN>{VŸ& _mVm ............. jra§ ÀN>{V (gwVm)

4) \$bm{Z d¥jmV²> nVpÝVŸ& \$bm{Z ............. nVpÝV (bVm)

V. nw§{b“ - Znw§gH${b“eãXmZ²> n¥WH$²> {bIVŸ&

nwÌ, {_Ì, gwaoe, OZH$, nwñVH$, kmZ, nwîn, ~mbH$, d¥j, gwI, Ob,

Jmonmb, ^moOZ

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VI. {ZX©oemZwma§ n[adV©`VŸ&

CXm - d{ZVm nwîn_²> AmZ`{V (~hþdMZo)

d{ZVm nwînm{U AmZ`{VŸ&

1. am_: nÌ§ nR>{V (~hþdMZo)

........................................Ÿ&

2. erbm CÚmZm{Z ní`{V (EH$dMZo)

........................................&

3. _mYd: ewZHo$Z gh JÀN>{V (~hþdMZo)

........................................&

4. \$bm{Z {_Ìm` XXm{VŸ& (~hþdMZo)

........................................&

5. N>mÌm: CÚmZoä`: AmJÀN>pÝV (EH$dMZo)

........................................&

6. AÜ`mnH$: nwñVH$ñ` M`Z§ H$amo{VŸ& (~hþdMZo)

........................................&

7. _¥Jm: dZofw ^dpÝVŸ& (EH$dMZo)

........................................&

*****

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gáXe… nmR>…

{VL>ÝVm…

{H«$`mnXmZm§ _yb^yV§ eãXê$n§ "YmVw…' B{V H$Ï`VoŸ& AWm©V²> {H«$`m`m… ~moYH$m… ^y-a_²>-nR>²> BË`mX`… YmVw:> B{V g§k`m ì`d{õ`ÝVoŸ&

{H«$`mnXo YmVw… + {dH$aUàË``: + {VL²>àË``: M B{V Ì`…^mJm…

gpÝVŸ&

AÌ {VL>ÝV_od {H«$`mnX_²> B{V ì`d{õ`VoŸ&

CXm nR²> + A + {V = nR>{V

g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ àm`… {Ûghò§>>(2000) YmVd… gpÝVŸ& ì`dñWmÑï>²>`m Vo YmVd… Xegw JUofw {d^ŠVm…Ÿ& EVo 2000 YmVd… nwZ… {ÌYm {d^ŠVm…Ÿ&

1. nañ_¡n{XZ…, 2. AmË_Zon{XZ… 3. C^`n{XZ… M B{V &

EVofm§ {H«$`mnXmZm§ Ì`… nwéfm… ^dpÝVŸ& Vo àW_nwéf… - _Ü`_nwéf… - CÎm_nwéf… M B{VŸ& EVofm§ Ìr{U dMZm{Z A{n ^dpÝVŸ& Vm{Z EH$dMZ§, {ÛdMZ§, ~hþdMZ§ M B{VŸ&

YmVw{^… `m {H«$`m à{VnmÚVo Vñ`m… Ì`… H$mbm… gå^dpÝVŸ&

H$mb… CXmhaU_²>

dV©_mZH$mb: nR>{V^{dî`V²>H$mb… n{R>î`{V^yVH$mb… AnR>V²>

{H«$`m`m… H$mbñ` AW©{deofñ` M ~moYZmWª Xe bH$mam… ^dpÝVŸ&

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bQ²> dV©_mZo boQ²> doXo ^yVo bwL²>bL²>{bQ>ñVWmŸ&

{dÜ`m{efmoü {bL²>bmoQ>m¡ bwQ²> b¥Q²> b¥L²> M ^{dî`{VŸ&&

1. dV©_mZH$mbo YmVmo… bQ²>bH$ma… ^{dî`{VŸ&

2. Amkm,àmW©Zm BË`m{Xfw AW}fw YmVmo… bmoQ²>bH$ma… ^d{VŸ&

3. ^yVH$mbo bL²>bH$ma… ^d{VŸ&

nR>²YmVw…

bQ²>bH$ma… - dV©_mZH$mb… - nañ_¡nXr

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… am_…

_mbmg…gmVV²>

am_m¡_mboVm¡VoVo

am_m…_mbm…VoVm…Vm{Z

_Ü`_nwéf… Ëd_²> nR>{g wdm§ nR>W… y _²> nR>W

CÎm_nwéf… Ah_²> nR>m{_ Amdm§ nR>md… d`_²> nR>m_…

^y YmVw…

bQ²>bH$ma…, dV©_mZH$mb… - nañ_¡nXr

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… ^d{V ^dV… ^dpÝV_Ü`_nwéf… ^d{g ^dW… ^dWCÎm_nwéf… ^dm{_ ^dmd… ^dm_…

nR>{V nR>V… nR>pÝV

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Iob²> - YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… Iob{V IobV… IobpÝV_Ü`_nwéf… Iob{g IobW… IobWCÎm_nwéf… Iobm{_ Iobmd… Iobm_…

hg²> - YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… hg{V hgV… hgpÝV_Ü`_nwéf… hg{g hgW… hgWCÎm_nwéf… hgm{_ hgmd… hgm_…

Jåb¥ (J_²>) YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… JÀN>{V JÀN>V… JÀN>pÝV_Ü`_nwéf… JÀN>{g JÀN>W… JÀN>WCÎm_nwéf… JÀN>m{_ JÀN>md… JÀN>m_…

b¥Q²> bH$ma… ^{dî`V²H$mb:> - "nR²>' YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… n{R>î`{V n{R>î`V… n{R>î`pÝV_Ü`_nwéf… n{R>î`{g n{R>î`W… n{R>î`WCÎm_nwéf… n{R>î`m{_ n{R>î`md… n{R>î`m_…

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Iob²> - YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… Io{bî`{V Io{bî`V… Io{bî`pÝV_Ü`_nwéf… Io{bî`{g Io{bî`W… Io{bî`WCÎm_nwéf… Io{bî`m{_ Io{bî`md… Io{bî`m_…

hg²> YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… h{gî`{V h{gî`V… h{gî`pÝV_Ü`_nwéf… h{gî`{g h{gî`W… h{gî`WCÎm_nwéf… h{gî`m{_ h{gî`md… h{gî`m_…

Jåb¥ (J_²>) YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… J{_î`{V J{_î`V… J{_î`pÝV_Ü`_nwéf… J{_î`{g J{_î`W… J{_î`WCÎm_nwéf… J{_î`m{_ J{_î`md… J{_î`m_…

bL²> bH$ma… ^yVH$mb: - nR²> YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… AnR>V²> AnR>Vm_²> AnR>Z²>_Ü`_nwéf… AnR>… AnR>V_²> AnR>VCÎm_nwéf… AnR>_²> AnR>md AnR>m_

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Iob²> - YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… AIobV²> AIobVm_²> AIobZ²>_Ü`_nwéf… AIob… AIobV_²> AIobVCÎm_nwéf… AIob_²> AIobmd AIobm_

hg²> YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… AhgV²> AhgVm_²> AhgZ²>_Ü`_nwéf… Ahg… AhgV_²> AhgVCÎm_nwéf… Ahg_²> Ahgmd Ahgm_

Jåb¥ (J_²>) - YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… AJÀN>V²> AJÀN>Vm_²> AJÀN>Z²>_Ü`_nwéf… AJÀN>… AJÀN>V_²> AJÀN>VCÎm_nwéf… AJÀN>_²> AJÀN>md AJÀN>m_

bmoQ²> bH$ma… - nR²> YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… nR>Vw / nR>VmV²> nR>Vm_² nR>ÝVw_Ü`_nwéf… nR> / nR>VmV²> nR>V_²> nR>VCÎm_nwéf… nR>m{Z nR>md nR>m_

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Iob²> - YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… IobVw/IobVmV²> IobVm_²> IobÝVw_Ü`_nwéf… Iob / IobVmV² IobV_²> IobVCÎm_nwéf… Iobm{Z Iobmd Iobm_

hg²> YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… hgVw/hgVmV²> hgVm_²> hgÝVw_Ü`_nwéf… hg / hgVmV²> hgV_²> hgVCÎm_nwéf… hgm{Z hgmd hgm_

Jåb¥ (J_²>) - YmVw

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… JÀN>Vw>/JÀN>VmV²>> JÀN>Vm_²> JÀN>ÝVw_Ü`_nwéf… JÀN> / JÀN>VmV²> JÀN>V_²> JÀN>VCÎm_nwéf… JÀN>m{Z JÀN>md JÀN>m_

AmË_ZonXr - bQ²> bH$ma… - emo^²>YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… emo^Vo emoôVo emo^ÝVo_Ü`_nwéf… emo^go emoôWo emo^ÜdoCÎm_nwéf… emoô emo^mdho emo^m_ho

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dY©²> YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… dY©Vo dY}Vo dY©ÝVo_Ü`_nwéf… dY©go dY}Wo dY©ÜdoCÎm_nwéf… dY} dYm©dho dYm©_ho

b^²> - YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… b^Vo bôVo b^ÝVo_Ü`_nwéf… b^go bôWo b^ÜdoCÎm_nwéf… bô b^mdho b^m_ho

EY²> YmVw…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… EYVo EYoVo EYÝVo_Ü`_nwéf… EYgo EYoWo EYÜdoCÎm_nwéf… EYo EYmdho EYm_ho

{deof{H«$`mê$nm{UAg²> - YmVw: - bQ²> bH$ma:

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf: ApñV ñV: gpÝV_Ü`_nwéf: A{g ñW: ñWCÎm_nwéf: Apñ_ ñd: ñ_:

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H¥$Äm² (H¥$)> YmVw: - bQ²> bH$ma:

nwéfm… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf: H$amo{V Hw$éV: Hw$d©pÝV_Ü`_nwéf: H$amo{f Hw$éW: Hw$éWCÎm_nwéf: H$amo{_ Hw$d©: Hw$_©:

Aä`mg…

1. C{MV_²> CÎma§ {MËdm {bIV &

1) {H«$`mnXmZm§ _ybê$n_²> Ed§ H$Ï`VoŸ&

A) gw~ÝV: Am) {VL>ÝV: B) YmVw: B©) CngJ©:

2) dV©_mZH$mbo YmVmo: A`§ bH$ma: ^d{VŸ&

A) bL²> Am) bQ²> B) b¥Q²> B©) bmoQ²>

3) "h{gî`{V' Añ` ~hþdMZê$n_²> BX§ ^d{VŸ&

A) h{gî`m{_ Am) h{gî`W: B) h{gî`pÝV B©) h{gî`m_:

4) g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ àm`: EVmdÝV: YmVd: gpÝVŸ&

A) 2000 Am) 3000 B) 1000 B©) 5000

5) {H«$`mnXñ` Zm_mÝVa_²> BX§ ^d{VŸ&

A) gw~ÝV_²> Am) YmVw: B) àË``: B©) {VL>ÝV_²

2. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIV &

1. .......... nR>W: ..........Ÿ&

2. hgm{_ .......... ..........Ÿ&

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3. .......... .......... JÀN>pÝV&

4. .......... AZ_Vm_²> ..........Ÿ&

5. .......... .......... hgWŸ&

6. n{R>î`{V .......... ..........Ÿ&

7. .......... emoôVo ..........Ÿ&

8. JÀN>m{Z .......... ..........Ÿ&

{H«$`mH$bmn…

I. CXmhaUmZwgma§ ^yVH$mbdmŠ`m{Z {bIV &

dV©_mZH$mbo ^yVH$mbo

CXm 1. g: nR>{VŸ& g… AnR>V²>Ÿ&

2. am_: dZ§ JÀN>{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&

3. a_m boIÝ`m {bI{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&

4. ~mbH$: CÎma§ `ÀN>{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&

5. d¥jmV²> \$b§ nV{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&

II. C{MV{H«$`mnXoZ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`V &

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III. nwéfmZwJwU_²> AYmo{Z{X©ï>m{Z ê$nm{U {dÔV &

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Aï>mXe… nmR>…

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{dam_nÌ_²>

gH$memV²>,

Jm¡ar / JUoe…

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{XZm‘>… - 14-08-2019 Jm¡ar / JUoe…

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nwñVH$àofU{dfò nÌ_²>

gH$memV²>,

_hoe… / _mbVr

J¥hg§»`m - 12/4, _w»`_mJ©…

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{XZm‘>… - 08-12-2019 _hoe…/_mbVr

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AdYo`m§e…

l nÌboIZmdgao EVo A§em: AdYo`m:Ÿ&

1) nÌñ` AmXm¡ Ed nÌboIH$ñ` g‘>oV: ^doV²>Ÿ&

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7) AÌ boIH$ñ` hñVm‘>Z§ ^d{VŸ&

8) ñWb{ZX}e: nÌàofUñ` {XZm‘>: M ^d{VŸ&

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{H«$`mH$bmn…nÌboIZ_²

nÌofw Wm ì`{ŠVJVm{Z nÌm{U dpÝV VW¡d H$m{ZMZ H$m`m©b`gå~Õm{Z nÌm{U A{n ^dpÝVŸ& AÌ Aä`mgmWª H$m`m©b`gå~Õm{Z nÌm{U XÎmm{ZŸ&

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l _ÄOyfm`m: C{MV§ nX§ ñdrH¥$Ë` nÌ§ nya`VŸ&

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ZdXe… nmR>…

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àH¥$ï>mo ~ÝY… à~ÝY… BË`wÀ`Vo & {Z~ÝY… B{V Añ` Zm_mÝVa_² & Zm{V{dñV¥V… Zm{Vg{¬áê$nmo à~ÝY… bKwà~ÝY… B{V H$Ï`Vo & à~ÝYo gabm{Z dmŠ`m{Z Ano[jVm{Z & _w»`V`m à~ÝYm… dU©ZmË_H$m…, {dMmamË_H$m…, Am»`mZmË_H$m…, ì`m»`mZmË_H$m… Mo{V MVwYm© {d^º$m… & Am^mUH$m{X[^… à~ÝYm… AmH$f©H$m… dpÝV & EVmZ² gdm©Z² A§emZ² _Z{g {ZYm` N>mÌ¡… à~ÝYm… aMZr`m… &

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3. {dÚmb`àdmg…

Añ_mH§$ {dÚmbò à{Vdfª {dÚmb`àdmg… dËòdŸ& Xoeg#mma… H$aUr`… H$mof… nR>Zr`… BË`w{ŠV… à{gÕm ApñVŸ& AV… àm`… gd©Ì embmgw e¡j{UH$-àdmg… {H«$`VoŸ&

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qde… nmR>…AZwdmX…

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nyaH$nmR>m…

1. na_H$mé{UH$… _h{f©…

1. nwam H$íMZ _h{f©… eH$Q>_mJ} YmdÝV§ H${#mV²> H$sQ>_² Aní`V²Ÿ& g… _w{Z… gd©k…& AV… g… gd©àm{UZm_² BhnaJqV mfm§ M OmZm{V ñ_Ÿ& g… H$sQ>_² An¥ÀN>V²Ÿ-"" ao! H$sQ> ! Hw$Ì Ymd{g ? Hw$V… Vo `_² AmJV_²?'' B{VŸ& H$sQ>… AH$W`V² - ""^mo… VnmoYZ ! VÌ ní`VwŸ& eH$Q>… doJoZ AmJÀN>{VŸ& EVñ` eãX§ lwËdm __ Vw _hV² ^`_²Ÿ& AV… OrdajmWª àd¥Îm… Ah§ erK«§ Ymdm{_'' B{VŸ&

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3. EVV² lwËdm H$sQ>… AJXV²Ÿ& ho _hm_wZo! nyd©pñ_Z² OÝ_{Z YZmT>çmo@h§ H¥$nU… Xw~w©{Õ… M Amg_²Ÿ& Vñ` \$b_² Ed BX§ OÝ_Ÿ& naÝVw d¥Õm`m… _mVw… godm_² AH$ad_²Ÿ& Añ`m… godm`m… _{håZm Ah§ nyd©d¥Îm§ ñ_am{_Ÿ& ho _hmàmk! _m§ ajŸ& ^dV… H$éUm _{` ^dVw ""B{V Xw…IoZ àmW©`V²Ÿ& VXm g… _w{Z…-""Ah§ Ëdm§ H$sQ>OÝ_Z… Vma{`î`m{_'' B{V CŠËdm Vnmo~bmV² V§ H$sQ>_² AVma`V²Ÿ&

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4. H$ñ`{MV²> H$sQ>ñ` {df o@{n oZ Ed§ _hmZ² AmXa… àX{e©V… g… _h{f©… na_X`mbw… gË`dVr-namea`mo… gwV… H¥$îUÛ¡nm`Z…Ÿ& ~X[aH$ml_o {MaH$mb_² A{Vð>V² B{V H$maUV… ~mXamÙ… B{V Vñ` Zm_ OmV_²Ÿ& g… AÜ``Zgm¡H$`m©Wª doX{d^mJ_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& AV… Vñ` doXì`mg… BË`{n Zm_ A^dV²Ÿ&

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1. _h{f©H$sQ>`mo… g§dmX§ {bIV&

2. ì`mg_hf}… d¡{eîQ>ç§ {bIV&

***

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2. {^jwH$ñ` ñdßZ…

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3. amÁò gd} OZm… ""Ef… Ed BV… na§ amÁò gdm©Z²> nmb{`î`{V'' B{V

KmofU§ H$[aî`pÝVŸ& AZÝVa§ gd} dmÚKmofoU gh {^jwH§$ amO^dZ§ Zoî`pÝV,

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nÅ>m{^foH§$ H$[aî`pÝV MŸ& VXZÝVa§ _hmamOñ` nwÌr_² Añ_¡ XÎdm {ddmh§

H$[aî`pÝVŸ& g… nwÌ§ nwÌt M bãÜdm gwIoZ OrdZ§ `mn{`î`{VŸ&

4. H${Vn`dfm©Um_² AZÝVa§ nwÌñ` nwÍ`m… M {ddmhmWª {gÕVm§ H$[aî`pÝVŸ&

{ddmhmdgao nwaOZm… ~mÝYdm… M EH$Ì _o{bî`pÝVŸ& gd}fm§ Xe©ZoZ _hmamO…

A{n gÝVmof_² AZw^{dî`{VŸ&

5. VXm H$píMV² g¡{ZH$… doJoZ AmJ{_î`{V, H$W{`î`{V M - ""_hmamO!

AZoHo$ eÌd… `wÕmW©_² AmJVm… gpÝV'' B{VŸ& VXm _hmamO… H$monoZ CÀM¡…

AmH«$ÝXZ§ H$[aî`{VŸ& VmdVm {^jwH$ñ` OmJaU§ ^{dî`{VŸ& `Xm g… ZoÌo

CÝ_rb`{V VXm nyd©ñ`m§ {X{e gy`©ñ` àH$me§ ní`{VŸ& gy`©Xod§ Z_ñH¥$Ë`

ñdH$m`©ñ` {^jmQ>Zñ` Amaå^§ H$amo{VŸ&

Aä`mg…


[bIV &

1. {^jwH$… H$W§ amOm A^dV² ?

2. {^jwH$… ñdßZo qH$ qH$ {MÝV`{V ?

***

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3. EH$bì`ñ` Jwé^{º$…

AmgrV² ÐmoUmo Zm_ à{WVmo YZwd}XmMmW©: & H$Xm{MÎmñ` YZwd}XH$m¡eb§

g_rú` Hw$éHw$b{nVm_h: ^rî_: V§ ñdZJa_mZ`V² & ñdnm¡ÌmZ² H$m¡adnmÊS>dmZ²

Vñ` {eî`mZ² MH$ma M & g M ÐmoU: VmZ² {dÚm`m§ n[aUVmZ² AH$amoV²& Jwé:

AOw©Zñ` YZwd}Xo na_§ àmdrÊ § drú` A{VVam§ àrV: & AdXV² M - AOw©Z, Ëdm§

bmoH$moÎma§ YZwY©a§ H$[aî`m{_ B{V &

ÐmoUñ` H$m¡eb§ lwËdm ~hdmo amOnwÌm: Aómä`mgm` VÌmJVm: & {haÊ`YZwfmo

{ZfmXamOñ` nwÌ: EH$bì`mo@{n ÐmoUg_rn_mJV: & ÐmoU: {ZfmXHw$_ma_oH$bì §

{ej{`Vw_{ZÀN>Z² AdXV² & EH$bì`, Ëd§ __ {eî`mo@{g & ñdJ¥ho Ed Aó{dÚm§

{ejñd& eaà`moJo ~bdÎmamo ^{dî`{g B{V & EH$bì`ñVw ÐmoUñ` nmXm¡ {ea{g

H¥$Ëdm ñd^dZ_mJV: & VÌ ÐmoUñ` _¥Ê_`t à{V_m§ {dYm`, Vm§ _y{V© § gXm nyO`Z²

ñd`_od Aó{dÚm_{ejV& A{MamXod Aó{dÚm`m§ àmdrÊ`_b^V&

EH$Xm ÐmoUñ`mk`m& H$m¡adnmÊS>dm _¥J`m§ H$Vwª dZ_JÀN>Z² & Vofw _¥J`m§

Hw$d©Ëgw gma_o`: An[a{MV_oH$bì`§ ÑîQ‰>m A^fV² & AZwnX_od g ^fVíewZmo

_wIo gáeamZnya`V²& g ûdm eanyUm©ñ`: AOw©Zg_rn_mJÀN>V²& g Vw V§ {dbmoŠ`

{dpñ_V: V§ ea_moMZàdrU_pÝdî`Z² ^«mV¥>{^: gh AmJË`, A{daV§ eamZ²

à`wÄOmZ§ EH$bì`_ní`V² & "H$mo ^dmZ²?' BË`n¥>ÀN>ƒ & g Vw {ZfmXm{YnVo:

gwV: YZwd}Xo H¥$Vn[al_: ÐmoU{eî`mo@h_² BË`dXV² &

VXmH$Ê © {dpñ_Vm: gd} à{V{Zd¥Ë` gd©_wXÝV§ Jwado ÐmoUm` {ZdoX`m_mgw:&

AOw©ZñVw ah{g ÐmoUg{Þ{Y_mJË`- ""Jwamo, VÌ^dVm Vw- Ëdm§ bmoH$moÎma§ YZwY©a§

H$[aî`m{_ BË`{^{hV_²& BXmZt Vw AaÊò ^dXÝVodmgr _Îmmo@{n Aó-{dÚm-

Hw$ebVa: EH$bì`mo {Zdg{V& H$W_oVV²?'' BË`n¥ÀN>V²&

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ÐmoUñVw _whyVª {dMm © AOw©ZoZ gh dZ_JÀN>V²& VÌ ñdmH¥${V{dam{OVà{V_m`m:

nwaV: Aó{dÚmä`mg{ZaV§ EHbì`_ní`V²& g Vw Am`mÝV§ ÐmoU_dbmoŠ`

V_wng§Jå` {eagm àUå` A¿`©nmÚm{X{^: AmamY`m_mg& ÐmoUñVw n«rV_Zm:

-"`{X _o {eî`mo@{g V{h© JwéX{jUm§ Xo{h' BË`~«drV²& VXm "qH$ XXm{Z'

B{V ^{º$Z_«: EH$bì`: àmÄO{b{Z©doX`m_mg & "Vd X{jUhñVm“xð>§

JwéX{jUmWª Xo{h' B{V ÐmoU: gwXméU_JXV² &

ÐmoUñ` VmÑe§ dMZ§ lwËdm à{Vkm ajZ² EH$bì`mo _wXm X{jUH$am“xð>§ {N>Ëdm

ÐmoUm` àmXmV² & EH$bì`ñ` VmÑet dra^qº$ {dbmoŠ` gd} {dpñ_Vm A^dZ²& Xodmü

Vñ`mon[a-Hw$gw_d¥{ï>>_df©Z² & VV: g nyd©dV² eamZ² _moºw$_g_Wm}@^dV²&

EH$_odmja§ `ñVw Jwé… {eî`§ à~moYòV²&

n¥{Wì`m§ ZmpñV VX²Ðì`§ `ÔËdm MmZ¥Ur ^doV² &&

Aä`mg…


[bIV &

1. EH$bì`ñ` Jwé^qº$ {dd¥UwV &

***

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4. A¸$_hmXodr (1130-1160)

_h>mXodr H$Um©Q>H$ñ` [ed_mo½J_ÊS>bñ` [eH$m[anwamon_ÊS>bñ` "CSw>V[S>' B[V J«m_o àm`… [H«$.e. 1130 V_o df} AOm`V & Vñ`m… [nVm [Z_©beo[Å> _mVm M gw_[V… gÒþUgånÞm Efm ~mëò Ed nyOm[Xfw Ym{_©H$H$m`}fw [Z_¾m A^dV²&

_h>mXodr Aà[V_gwÝXar AmgrV² & Vñ`m… gm¡ÝX }U AmH¥$ï… amOm H$m¡[eH$… Vm§ n[aUoVw§ _ZíMH$ma & naÝVw MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Z_od ñdn[V§ _Ý`_mZm gm amk… Ame`§ [VañH¥$VdVr & [H$ÝVw Vñ`m… [nVam¡ amk…> ^rVm¡ H$m¡[eH§$ n[aUoVw§ Vm_² Am[XïdÝVm¡ & AZÝèaUm _h>mXodr H$m¡[eH§$ n[aUoVw_² A“rMH$ma & [H$ÝVw gm [Z~©ÝYÌ`§ Vñ` nwaV… [Z{X©ïdVr & {H$ÝVw H$m¡{eH$… {Z~©ÝYÌ`ñ` Cëb”Z§ H¥$VdmZ² &

VXm _h>mXodr H$m¡[eH$§ n[aË`Á` amO^dZmV² ~{hJ©VdVr & VV… gmjmV² H$ëÙZJat à[dïdVr & VÌ A„_à^mo… AmÜ`úò [Z[_©Vo AZw^d_ÊS>no AÜ`mË_[df`mZ² bmoHo$ä`… Cn[XXoe &

_hXoì`m… H$[R>ZV_§ d¡am½`_² AdbmoŠ` _yH$[d[ñ_Vm… A„_à w~gdm[XeaUm… Vm_² "AŠH$' "d¡am½`[Z[Y…' B[V gå~mo[YVdÝV…& H$mbmÝVao gm lre¡b_² AmJË` VÌ g_rno H$XbrdZo MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Zñ` Xe©Z§ ñdrH¥$VdVr& VV: VÌ g_rno H$XbrdZo MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Zo EoŠ`“Vm&

"`moJm“[Ì[d[Y…', "g¥[ï` dMZ', "_ÝÌJm¡ß`' B[V {Vò: H¥$Vr… AŠH$_h>mXodr AaM`V²& "MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Z' B[V A>[‘VZmåZm B`§ ~hÿ>[Z dMZm[Z a[MVdVr & EVm[Z M ^[º$^mdnyUm©[Z ~moYàXm[Z M dV©ÝVo &

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AÌ¡H$_² CXmh>aÊ_²-

"~oÅ>X _obmoÝXþ _Zo` _m[S> _¥JJ[i>J[ÄOXmoSoÝVæ`&

g_wÐX V[S>`bm|Xþ _Zo` _m[S> ZmoaoVoaoJ[i>J[ÄOXmoSoÝVæ`&

gÝVo`moimoÝXþ _Zo` _m[S> eãXŠHo$ Zm[MXmoS>oÝVæ`&

MoÞ_[„H$mOw©ZXod Ho$i>æ` & bmoH$XmoH$moi>Jo hþ>[Å>X ~[i>H$

ñVw{V {ZÝXZoJi>w ~ÝXS>o _ZX{„ H$mondVmi>Xo g_mYm{Z`m{Ja~oHw$ &&

Añ` gmam§e… A`_²-

nd©VmJ«o `[X J¥h§> [H«$`Vo V[h©> _¥Joä`… Z ôVì`_² &

g_wÐVrao `[X J¥h§> [H«$`Vo V[h©> ObVa“oä`… Z ôVì`_²&

[dnÊ`m§ `[X J¥h§> [H«$`Vo V[h©> eãXoä`… Z ôVì`_² &

bmoHo$ OZZmV² AZÝVa§ ñVw[V{ZÝXmä`m§ _Z[g H$monmo _m^yV² g_mYmZr M

^doV² &


[bIV &

1. [H$_Wª _h>mXodr H$m¡[eH§$ n[aUoVw_² A“rMH$ma ?

2. _hmXodr H$Xm H$m¡{eH§$ n[aË`Á` ~{h… JVdVr?

***

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n[a{eï>>_²

1. dmŠàMZmH$m¡eb_²

gy`m}X`…

* CXmhaU dmŠ`§ n{R>Ëdm, _ÄOyfmV… nX§ {MËdm [aº$ñWmZ_² nya`V-

CXm : gy`m}X`… a_Ur`… ApñV&

1) gy`©… {X{e CXo{V&

2) à^mVo {H$aUm… ^dpÝV&

3) gy`©{H$aUm… {dH$mg`[ÝV &

4) gy`©Z_ñH$ma… dY©`{V &

Amamo½`_², nwînm{U, aº$dU}, nyd©ñ`m§

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* _ÄOyfmV… nX§ {MËdm dmŠ`m{Z aM`V-

Ym{_©H$moËgd…, ~mbH$…, J¥h_², d¥j…, Xrnm…, bú_rnyOm

Xrnmdbr

* {MÌ§ Ñï²>dm dmŠ`m{Z aM`V&

Jm¡V_ ~wÕ:

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149


J«m_:

ZXr


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150

2. nXH$mof…Yr_ÝV… Ÿá©œÍÝÈWÜÙÜá Intelligent Wise

n{V… WÜívÜ Husband

H¥$n`m ¨Ü¿áËoár Please

nm{UJ«hU_²> ËÊÝÖÜ (ÊÜá¨ÜáÊæ) Marriage, Wedding

{Z…ñn¥h… ¯@ÓÝÌ¦ì Selfless

eH$Q>_mJ©… WÝw ÓÜíaÜÄÓÜáÊÜ ¨ÝÄ Cart Street

YZmT²>`… ÎÅàÊÜáíñÜ Rich, Wealthy

H¥$nU… i±Üâ| Miser

AmXa… WèÃÜÊÜ Respect, Honour

à{WV… ±ÜÅÔ¨Üœ Famous, Well-known

Hw$brZ… ÓÜgj®Ü, ÓÜñÜáRÆ¨ÜÈÉ ÖÜáqr¨ÜÊÜ Noble, Born in noble family

km{V… Ÿí«Üá, ÓÜíŸí— Relative

gmo_… aÜí¨ÜÅ Moon

à^mH$a… ÓÜã¿áì Sun

CXa doXZm Öæãpær ®æãàÊÜâ Stomachache

ø… ¯®æ° Yesterday

ImÚ_²> £íw Eatable

n‘>… PæÓÜÃÜá Dirt Mud

da_²> EñÜ¤ÊÜá, ÁãàWÜÂ Good

ôfO… LÐÜ— Medicine

nÏ`_²> ×ñÝÖÝÃÜ Diet

VH«$_²> ÊÜáijWæ Buttermilk

_oYm Ÿá©œ Wisdom

H¥$îU… PÜ±Üâ³ Black

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CËgd… ÖÜŸº Festival

{nH$… PæãàXÇæ Cuckoo

ì`gZ_²> ¨ÜáÍÜco Vice

lmo{V«`… Êæç©PÜ, Êæà¨Ü±ÜíwñÜ Learned in Vedas, Vedic Pandit

Xw{^©j… ŸÃÜWÝÆ Famine

AWª ÖÜ|, ÓÜí±ÜñÜá¤ Wealth

jnUH$… hæç®Ü/¸è¨Üœ ÓÜí®ÝÂÔ Jain Monk

d{UH$²> ÊÝÂ±ÝÄ Merchant

Cnm`Z_²> PÝ~Pæ Gift

Zm{nV… PèÒÄPÜ Barber

H$ZH$_² ŸíWÝÃÜ Gold

{ZY©Z… ŸvÜÊÜ Poor

{IÞm… ¨Üá@UñÜ Sad, Worried

{Z{Y… ÓÜí±ÜñÜá¤ Wealth

nwaOZm… FÄ®ÜÊÜÃÜá Citizen

CÝ_rb`{V ñæÃæ¿ááñÝ¤®æ Opens

nÞJ… ÓÜ±Üì Serpent, Snake

{Oˆm ®ÝÈWæ Tongue

AmË_Om ÊÜáWÜÙÜá Daughter

éÐ… ÎÊÜ Shiva

A{Zb… WÝÚ Wind, Air

AH©$… ÓÜã¿áì Sun

n[aîHw$d©pÝV ÓÜÌaÜf ÊÜÞvÜáñÝ¤Ãæ Clean (V)

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AmnU… AíWÜw Shop

ZyVZ_²> ÖæãÓÜ New

ñ\$moQ>H$_² ±ÜpÝQ Cracker

Amdbr ÓÝÆá Series

ObV¥îUm ¨ÝÖÜ, ¸Ý¿ÞÄPæ Thirst

P{Q>{V ¸æàWÜ®æ Suddenly

~{h… ÖæãÃÜWæ Out side

{dH$bm“… AíWÜ×à®Ü Handicapped

C{fËdm ÊÝÔÔ Having Resided

`moJXmZ_² PæãvÜáWæ Contribution

^m¡VemñÌ_² »èñÜÍÝÓÜ÷ Physics

{nnmgm ¸Ý¿ÞÄPæ Thirst

agVÝÌ_² ÃÜÓÝ¿á®ÜÍÝÓÜ÷ Chemistry

ewîH$nU©_² J|X¨Ü GÇæ Dry leaf

`moOZ_² ¸ÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄ 12 Q.Ëáà. ¨ÜãÃÜ About 12 k.ms. distance

H$bÌ_² ÖæívÜ£ Wife

Mmé ÓÜáí¨ÜÃÜ, EñÜ¢ÐÜr Beautiful

A{L²>K«… ±Ý¨Ü, PÝÆá foot

nm¡Ì… ÊæãÊÜá¾WÜ Grand Son (Son's son)

Aa{dÝX… PÜÊÜáÆ Lotus

{MÎm_² ÊÜá®ÜÓÜáÕ Mind

^moJ… ÓÜáS Enjoyment

dmOr PÜá¨ÜáÃæ Horse

{dÎm_²> ÖÜ| Money

dmpÄN>V_²> ÊÜá®ÜÔÕ®Ü Ÿ¿áPæ Wants, Disires

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VQ>… ¨ÜvÜ Bank, Shore

Vé… ÊÜáÃÜ Tree

IJ… ±ÜQÒ Bird

ghnmR>r hæãñæ¿áÈÉ K¨ÜáÊÜÊÜ Classmate

J«rî_F$Vw… ¸æàÔWæ PÝÆ Summer Season

{Zam_`… BÃæãàWÜÂÊÜíñÜ Healthy Man

H¥$fH$… ÃæçñÜ Farmer

{nV¥ì`… bPÜR±Ü³ Uncle

gwH¥${V… EñÜ¤ÊÜáPÝ¿áì Noble deed

Oam ÊÜáá±Üâ³ Old age

nd©{XZ_²> ÖÜŸº Festive day

{d¿Z_²> ñæãí¨ÜÃæ Obstacle

{jßËdm GÓæ¨Üá Having thrown

dËg… ±ÜâñÜÅ Son

AnwÌ… ÊÜáPÜRÚÆÉ¨ÜÊÜ®Üá Childless

Áòð>… ×Ä¿á Eldest

Kmof… ÍÜŸª Noise, Sound

Z¥n… AÃÜÓÜ, ÃÝg King

à{Vdoer ®æÃæ¿á a neighbour

^ré… Öæàw, AígáŸáÃÜáPÜ Coward

{ZVam_² ±Üä|ìÊÝX (ŸÖÜÙÜ) Completely

_whÿV©_² PÜÒ|, AÆ³PÝÆ Short while

Yy_… ÖæãWæ Smoke

{Ma_²> ŸÖÜÙÜPÝÆ For long

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eÌw… ÊæçÄ Enemy

{dMjU… hÝn¯, Ÿá©œÊÜíñÜ learned; scholar

½bm{Z… ®ÝÍÜÊÝWÜáÊÜâ¨Üá decay, decline

g“… ²Åà£ / BÓÜQ¤ attachment

Y«wd_² ¯ÍÜc¿á Certain

gå_moh…> ÓÜÊæã¾àÖÜ delusion

{d^«_… ©XÆá Fix, Confusion

CXmgrZ… ¯ÐÜ³PÜÒ±Ý£ unconcerned

JVì`W… ¨Üá@S CÆÉ©ÃÜáÊÜÊÜ®Üá free of agony

ñ_¥{V… ®æ®Ü±Üâ Memory

AZnoj… BÓæ CÆÉ¨ÜÊÜ®Üá Free of wants

AOò_²>> ¯ÃÜíñÜÃÜ, GvÜ¹vÜ¨æ Continuously, Constant

nyVm ÍÜá¨Üœ, ±ÜËñÜÅ Holified, Sanshified

hmg… ®ÜWÜá Laughter

VÝÐm ÓæãàÊÜÞÄñÜ®Ü, BÆÓÜÂ Lethargy

_¥J`m ¸æàpæ Hunting

VmbrnÌ_² ñÝÙæWÜÄ Palm leaf

Oå~ynmXn… ®æàÃÜÙæà ÊÜáÃÜ Roseapple tree

emIm pæãíWæ, (Pæãí¸æ) Branch

bL²>KZ_² ÖÝÃÜá Jump

nŠd_² ŸÈñÜ, ÊÜÞX¨Ü Riped

{d_b_² ÍÜá¨Üœ Pure

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3. àíZn[ÌH$m ñdê$n_² - A‘>m…-40g‘>bZmË_H$_m¡ë`_mnZ_²-01

* g_w[MV_² CÎma§ H«$_mjaoU gh> [MÎdm [bIV & 5�1=5

* EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV & 5�1=5

* íbmoH$VmËn`ª g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL²½b^mf`m,

H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm CÎma§ [bIV & 1�2=2

* H$do… Xoe-H$mb-J«ÝWmZm§ [dfò [bIV & 1�2=2

* Am_²/ Z B[V [bIV & 1�2=2

* MVwWª nX§ [bIV & 1�2=2

* aoIm[‘>VnX_² Adbåã` àíZ[Z_m©U§ Hw$éV & 1�2=2

* nÚ§ nya`V & 1�2=2

* [ZX}emZwgma_² CÎma§ [bIV & 1�3=3

* n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL²>>½b^mf`m,


* g§ñH¥$V^mf`m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 1�3=3

* AmL²>½b^mf`m, H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 1�3=3

* nÌ§ [bIV & 1�3=3

* à~ÝY§ [bIV & 1�3=3

***

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àíZn[ÌH$m ñdê$n_² - A‘>m…-40g‘>bZmË_H$_m¡ë`_mnZ_²-02

* g_w[MV_² CÎma§ H«$_mjaoU gh> [MÎdm [bIV & 5�1=5

* EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV & 5�1=5

* g[ÝY§ [d^Á` Zm_ [bIV & 1�2=2

* H${dn[aM`§ Hw$éV & 1�2=2

* íbmoH$VmËn`ª g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL²>½b^mf`m,


* Am_² / Z B{V {bIV & 1�2=2

* g§ñH¥$V^mf`m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 1�2=2

* AmL²½b^mf`m, H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 1�2=2

* nÚ§ nya`V & 1�4=4

* [ZX}emZwgma_² CÎma§ [bIV & 1�3=3

* {b“ {d^{º$ dMZm{Z [bIV & 1�2=2

* n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL²½b^mf`m,


* nÌ§ [bIV & 1�3=3

* à~ÝY§ [bIV & 1�3=3

***

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1. ghdmg… - gwJÝY… - g§ñH¥$V^maVr "Aja§' ~o“byé

2. {XZM`m© - àW_Xrjm - am{ï´>`g§ñH¥$V-g§ñWmZ_²>

3. MVwa… H$m{bXmg… - ^moOà~ÝY…

4. npÊS>V^mñH$a… - dmUrdmhZ… - S>m. Ama²> JUoe…

5. VnmodZm{^J_Z_²> - H${dH$monH$bmn… - S>m. {dídmg…

àW_: g§ñH¥$VkmZnrR>àepñVnwañH¥$V: S>m. gË`d«VemñÌr

- g_J«gm{hË`_² - 2009

S>m. gË`d«VemñÌr

AmH$aJ«ÝWm…

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158

nmR>`moOZm_mgm… nmR>m…

OyZ²> dUm©…, {XZM`m© g§»`m… M, ghdmg…

Owb¡ Zr{V~moY… (H$ÊR>>nmR>… H$aUr`…), gw~ÝVm…-1-6, Amamo½`^m½`_²>, {^jwH$ñ`ñdßZ…

AmJñQ²> OrdZgm\$ë`_², nÌboIZ_²>-1, {VL>ÝVm…- nañ_¡nXr, à~ÝY…1,2,

goßQ>oå~a²> gw~ÝVm…(7-15), AZwdmX…(1-4) A¸$_hmXodr

AŠQ>mo~a² Jwd©ï>H$_²>, (H$ÊR>>nmR>… H$aUr`…)

Zdoå~a²> gpÝY…, (1,2) MVwa… H$m{bXmg…, Xwamem\$b_²>

{S>goå~a² gpÝY…(3,4,5) {gÕ^y{_… {gÕJ“m, nÌboIZ_²>-2, AZwdmX…(5-8)

OZd[a npÊS>V^mñH$a…, g_mg…, EH$bì`ñ` Jwé^{º$…, à~ÝY… - (3, 4), {VL>ÝVm…- AmË_ZonXr, {deofê$nm{U

\o$~«d[a VnmodZm{^J_Z_²>, na_H$mé{UH$… _h{f©…, àho{bH$m…, dmŠàMZm H$m¡eb_²

_mM©² àíZmoÎmaboIZmä`mg…, nwZamdV©Z_²>

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159

dÝXo ^maV_mVa_² &

dÝXo ^maV_mVa§ dX, ^maV & dÝXo _mVa_² dÝXo _mVa_², dÝXo _mVa_², dÝXo _mVa_² && OÝ_^y[a`§ dradamUm§ Ë`mJYZmZm§ YramUm_² _mV¥^y_ò bmoH${hVm` M {ZË`g_{n©V{MÎmmZm_² & {OVH$monmZm§ H¥$VH¥$Ë`mZm§ {dÎm§ V¥UdX² ÑîQ>dVm_²

_mV¥godZmXmË_OrdZo gmW©H$Vm_mZrVdVm_² && 1 &&

J«m_o J«m_o H$_©Xo{eH$mñVËddo{XZmo Y_©aVm…

AW©gÄM`ñË`mJhoVwH$mo Y_©gå_V… H$m_ Bh &

Zûda~w{Õ… jUn[ad{V©{Z H$mò, AmË_Ý`mXaYr…

OmVmo `Ì {h ñdñ` OÝ_Zm YÝ`§ _Ý`V AmË_mZ_² && 2 &&

_mVñËdÎmmo {dÎm§ {MÎm§ ñdËd§ à{V^m Xoh~b_²

Zmh§ H$Vm©, H$ma`{g Ëd§, {Z…ñn¥hVm __ H$_©\$bo &

A{n©V_oVÁOrdZnwîn§ _mVñVd ew^nmXVbo

ZmÝ`mo _ÝÌmo ZmÝ`{MÝVZ§ ZmÝ`Ôoe{hVm{Õ G$Vo && 3 &&

-OZmX©Z hoJS>o

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(Revised) be re - Karnatakaktbs.kar.nic.in/new/website textbooks/class8/8th-language... · 2019-08-19 · FIRST LANGUAGE - SANSKRIT. KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R) 100 Feet Ring Road,