Reviewer - Forms of Government

8/13/2019 Reviewer - Forms of Government

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Forms of Government


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Forms of Government:1) As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers

a) Monarchy

the supreme & final authority is in the handsof a single person such as

king,

queen,emperor,czar

Louis XIV of France Sun King

The first Russian ruler to be formallycrowned as "tsar of all Russia

Ivan IV

Queen CleopatraEgypt

Queen Elizabeth IIEngland


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1) As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers

2 types of Monarchy:

Absolute Monarchy ruler rules by divine right

Limited Monarchy ruler rules according to a Constitution


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According to Thomas Hobbes (English)

Monarchy is the best form of government .

1) Less division

2) Less scope of corruption

3) Wider consultation

(the monarch can select experts and get advice in private)

4) More effective secrecy

5) Less chance of civil war(since the Monarch cannot disagree with himself)

6) Policies will be more consistent

7) Complete obedience to single will(essential to order and security)


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2 Ways in which right can be given-up according to Thomas

Hobbes

1) By simply renouncing the right

2) By transferring the right

> it can be made by promise or contract / covenants

> transferring of right is voluntary

> there is one right that cannot be transferred

the ultimate right to defend our lives


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Example of Contemporary Absolute Monarchy

The Sultan of Brunei is both head of state and head of government.

Executive power is exercised by the government.

Brunei has a Legislative Council with 20 appointed members,that only has consultative tasks.

Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah


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b) Aristocracy

political powers is exercised by few privilege class

also known as oligarchy

derived from the Greek aristokratia meaning the best'

is a form of government in whichpower effectively rests with a smallelite segment of society

Oligarchies have been tyrannical throughout history.

Example:

The French First Republicgovernment under theDirectory A body of five Directors that held executive

power in France


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Example: French Aristocracy

Lower Class:commoners/laborers

Middle Class:nobles/merchants/traders

Upper Class

clergy/priest

aristocrats /

elite

b) Aristocracy

Voltaire Rosseau


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c) Democracy the power is exercised or resides in the people

2 types:1) Direct / Pure Democracy

the will of the state is directlyexpressed by the people

2) Indirect / Representative /

Republican Democracy people choose representatives /

delegates to govern /

rule them


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2) As to extent of powers exercised by the CENTRAL /NATIONAL government

e.g. Philippines

a) Unitary Government

control of the national and local affairs is exercised by the central / national

government

headed by the President thatrepresents the central / national

government


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2) As to extent of powers exercised by the CENTRAL / NATIONALgovernment

b) Federal Governmentpowers of government are

divided between national and

local affairs

each organ (national & local) isSUPREME within its own sphere

e.g. United States


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3) As to relationship between EXECUTIVE and LEGISLATIVEbranches of government

a) Presidential

President is the head of state and ofgovernment

Pres. George Washington1789-1797

Pres. Manuel QuezonFirst President of the Commonwealth - 1935


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3) As to relationship between EXECUTIVE and LEGISLATIVEbranches of government

b) Parliamentary Government

Prime Minister runs the affairs of thegovernment

President serves as ceremonial / symbolicleader of the state


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Example: JAPAN

Power is held chiefly by thePrime Minister of Japan and

other elected members of theDiet.

While sovereignty is vested in theJapanese people.

Constitutional Monarchy

The power of the Emperor is very limited.

As a ceremonialfigurehead , he is defined bythe constitution as the

symbol of . . . . .

1) the state

2) the unity of the people

Japan's legislative organ is theNational Diet , a bicameralparliament


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Akihito the current Emperor

of Japan

Michiko the current Empress

of Japan

NaruhitoCrown Prince of Japan,stands as next in line to

the throne

Crown Princess

Masako

IncumbentPrime Minister

of Japan

Yukio Hatoyama since 16 September 2009


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National Diet of Japan is Japan's

bicameral legislature.

It is composed of alower house , called the

House of Representative , and an

upper house , called the House ofCouncilors.

Both houses of the Diet are directly

elected by the people.

In addition to passing laws , theDiet is formally responsible for

selecting the Prime Minister


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Bhumibol Adulyadejcurrent

King of Thailand

Abhisit Vejjajiva ,leader of the Democrat Party,

since December 17, 2008

Thailands Prime Minister

Government: ConstitutionalDemocraticMonarchy

1932 - the first writtenconstitution was promulgated


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Other Forms of Government:

a) Military Government government implemented by one state over

another state under their control

e.g. military government during the Japaneseoccupation of the Philippines

a government run by military junta

e.g. present government of Myanmar (Burma)

from 1962 up to present

Senior GeneralTHAN SHWE


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September 24, 2007Tens of thousands of monks andcivilians march in Burma in the

biggest protest so far againstthe ruling junta.


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b) Revolutionary Government

the power of the government is obtainedthrough force

e.g. revolutionary government under Emilio Aguinaldo(June 29, 1898)


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Other Forms of Government: (As to legitimacy)

c) De Jure Government

government that is founded on constitutional law

e.g. the Commonwealth government underPres. Manuel L. Quezon

(Latin) -- rightfully; lawfully; by legal title

SIGNING THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH

23 MARCH 1935.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, signing the Constitution of the Philippine Commonwealth;Manuel L. Quezon, President


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Other Forms of Government: (As to legitimacy)

d) De facto Government

government not founded on constitutional law

administration of the state by superior force brought aboutby revolutions, invasions, insurgency

e.g. revolutionary government under

Andres Bonifacio


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How will you describe the Philippine Government ?

a) representative democracy

through election

b) unitary

c) presidential

control of the national & local affairsby the central government

separation of powers by the 3branches of government

Documents

Reviewer - Forms of Government