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What:
Aspect of Greek culture
When:
Where:
Why important:
Effect on Greek culture:
Parthenon
Architecture
Golden AgeAthens
Greeks honored their gods by building temples
Provides a sample of Doric column
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Aspect of Greek culture
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Olympian gods
Religion
Mount Olympus Greeks used gods to explain laws of
nature
Greeks believed their gods controlled all aspects of their lives and tried to please them in many ways
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Greek naval ship - trireme
Warfare
Persian WarsBattle of Salamis
Athenian ships were smaller, faster ( 3rows of oars) and easier to maneuver in confined areas
Allowed Greeks to control the Mediterranean Sea and improve trade
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Hoplitodromos
Festivals, Sports and
Leisure
Every four years in the Olympic
GamesOlympia
Greeks honored their gods by doing their best in everything, including
athletic competition
Olympic Games united Greeks in competition and sacred truce.
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Aspect of Greek culture
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Effect on Greek culture:
Theater of Dionysus
Theater
Golden AgeAthens
Greeks honored their gods by performing plays
Comedies (spoofs) and tragedies (suffering) portrayed Greek life
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Aspect of Greek culture
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Ballot box
Government
Democratic electionsAthens
Greeks believed all their citizens should have the right to take part in government
Greek citizens were conscious of their duty to vote
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Aspect of Greek culture
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Homer
Poetry and Literature
500 years after the Trojan War
Wrote the Iliad and OdysseyInformation in these epic
poems served as an education for all Greeks
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Aspect of Greek culture
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Philosophers: Socrates, Aristotle,
Plato
Philosophy
Golden AgeAthens, Academy (Plato’s school), Lyceum (Aristotle’s school)
Greeks began to use logic and reason to
explain ideas and not their gods
Increased their store of knowledge and interest in science and math
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Archimedes: Water screw and method of determining mass of irregular shaped object (crown)
Science
Fields of science and math were explored
Greek scientists began to make innovations and inventions to improve their store of knowledge
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Storage and wine vessels
Pottery
Remains have been found throughout the Mediterranean
Greeks traded and founded colonies. Wine and olive oil were main exports.
Designs give us insight into the Greek culture and lifestyle
MINOANS MYCENAEANS
Geography
Culture
Buildings
Religion
Government
SocialClasses
Work
Defense
• Island of Crete• Comfortable climate and fertile soil• Isolation spared it from constant
warfare
• Hot and dry• Rocky soil
• Seafaring culture• Art was used for decoration• Bull jumping
• Society based on warfare• Art was about warfare and hunting• Homer
• Multi-room Buildings (Palace at Knossos)
• Plumbing systems
• Cities were fortresses surrounded by thick walls
• Grew grapes and olives• Fishing• Traded raw goods (oil and skins) for
jewelry
• Kings accumulated vast wealth
• Thalos tombs were large burial chambers
• Fortress – palace on hilltops
• Wanax ruled
• Polytheistic• Involved offerings and sacrifices
• Polytheistic• Primary gods were female• Mother earth Goddess
• Monarchy• Priests dominated the government
• Women participated in sports• Social equality due to wealth of
civilization
• Trade• Export wine, olive oil and jewelry
• No walls• Built first major navy in the world
Sparta Athens
Militaristic: Lifestyle based on warfare and preparation for war
Monarchical, democratic oligarchy: 2 kings, Council of Elders, Ephors, Assembly
3 social classes: Equals, Perieoci, Helots
Women had rights; were educated and played an important role – “With it or on it”
Greatest army in Greece
Well-rounded: “A strong mind in a strong body”. Children were educated at an early age
Democracy: Council of 500, Assembly of tribes. Voting by lot. Ostracism of dangerous citizens
Upper and lower classes
Women had few rights; were expected to organize and run the household
Greatest navy in Greece
