History 20

History of California and the Pacific

Review Race Relations in the 19th century

The Rise of Southern California 1880-1920

California Population

• 1870 560,247 47.4%

• 1880 864,694 54.3%

• 1890 1,213,398 40.3%

• 1900 1,485,053 22.4%

• 1910 2,377,549 60.1%

• Los Angeles

– 1860 4,385

– 1870 5,728

– 1880 11, 183

– 1890 50,000

– 1910 >300,000

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Race Relations Anti-Foreigner Legislation

1871 LA Chinatown Masscare

CHINESE

• Gum Saan

• Passage: Credit-ticket

• People v. Hall (1854)

– Legally “Indians”

– 1879 CA Constitution

– http://faculty.lls.edu/manheim/cl1/chinese.htm

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

Articles for discussion

Who wrote the article? When?

What is the title of the article?

When was the article written?

What are the different views regarding Chinese workers?

• Post-rush

• Hostile, violent

• Asians entered through Angel Island.

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• Chinese women and children wait at the Angel Island Immigration Station. Photo Credit: California Historical Society

• Opening Japan

– The U.S. navy’s commodore Matthew Perry sailed warships into Tokyo Harbor

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1854 Matthew Perry in Japan Camphor Tree

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Asia • 1854 Japan opens

trade with the U.S.

• Adopts Wakon-Yosai

• 1894-1895 War with China = Taiwan

• 1904-1905 War with Russia

• 1910 Korean Annex.

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JAPANESE

• 1885

• Agriculture

• Discrim.

• 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement

• 1913 California Alien Land Law

• 1924 Immigration Act

Who Is an American?

• The “Race Problem”

– 1911 U.S. Immigration Commission list of “immigrant races”

– Eugenics, which studied the alleged mental characteristics of different races, gave anti-immigrant sentiment an air of professional expertise.

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1917 Immigration Act (revised for Mexicans)

requires a head tax and literacy test, due to labor shortages, the test is waived for Mexicans/Canadians

1924 Immigration Act (establish quotas, Western

hemisphere exempted)

• Laws that exclude European immigrants create new incentives for immigrants from the Americas.

• Concept of “illegal immigrant” emerges for the first time

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Mexican Migration

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Chicano Residence Patterns

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• 1845: 150K

• 1900: 16K

Spanish Fantasy Heritage

Spanish

Mexican

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Ramona Postcards

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– Mission Revival Style Architecture 1890-1915

• Prime example San Diego Train Station

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Mission Inn, Riverside

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1886

1887 San Diego

Pasadena

1890 2015

Selling Southern California

Fruit Crate Label

Orange "You'll like it"

Crate label for "Sonny" Orange County Valencias, Olive Hillside Groves Inc., Olive, California.

• Population Growth

– Railroad fare war/ real estate spectators

– Great Migration to Southern California

– Los Angeles Free Harbor

– 1880s Real Estate Boom

– Ramona Helena Hunt Jackson

– Mission Revival Style Architecture. 1890-1915

• Prime example San Diego Train Station

Progressive Politics 1880s-1920 • Discontent of farmers

– Mussel Slough

• Influence of big business over government

– Muckrakers

• San Francisco Earthquake 1906

– Bank of Italy

• San Francisco Graft Prosecution 1907

• Hiram Johnson

– Initiative, referendum, recall

• Panama-Pacific Exposition 1915

• Pacific Electric rail system

• Oil – Pico Canyon Oil Field 1879

– Edward L. Doheny in 1892

A Decade of Prosperity 1920s

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L.A.

• Edison

• Hollywood

• Weather

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KD_YRnuuKyY&feature=related

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