Review Questions for: Physiology II-1

REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 1

There are 101 questions related with topic Respiratory System 10/08/2009

Pulmonary fibrosis is an example of an obstructive respiratory disease

Increased pH, temperature, 2,3-DPG all shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right (increase oxygen unloading)

The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is associated with haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin

The apex of the lungs is both better ventilated and perfused than the base

Lung compliance is a measure of the distensibility of the lungs at a given transpulmonary pressure

Choose the CORRECT response:

1QUESTION 1081-20033

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

The elastic recoil of the lungs is opposed by surface tension

At high altitude, a decreased PO2 stimulates a reduction in erythropoietin release

Smoking decreases lung compliance

Decreased PCO2 increases the firing rate of peripheral chemoreceptors

The dorsal respiratory group is a brain area involved in promoting inspiration

Choose the CORRECT response:

2QUESTION 1081-20034

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

lung volume increases

alveolar pressure decreases

alveolar pressure becomes sub-atmospheric

air moves into the lungs along a pressure gradient

pleural pressure increases

During inspiration, all of the following occur, EXC EPT

3QUESTION 1082-200510

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

Obstructive respiratory disorders are related to increased airway resistance

Vital capicity is reduced in an obstructive respiratory disorder

Resistance to flow is especially pronounced during inspiration, as the lungs are trying to inflate

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are examples of restrictive respiratory disorders

FEV1 is unchanged in a restrictive respiratory disorder

Choose the CORRECT statement

4QUESTION 1082-200511

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.


Is a high resistance system

Is a system of low blood flow

Is a low pressure system

Is sensitive to changes in PO2

Provides the blood supply to the tissues of the respiratory system

The pulmonary circulatory system:

5QUESTION 1082-200512

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

The central chemoreceptor area is found in the medulla oblongata

The main stimuli for the central chemoreceptor response is a change in PCO2 (via H+)

The main stimuli for the peripheral chemoreceptor response is a change in PO2

Activation of the chemoreceptor reflex results in the stimulation of the medullary inspiratory neurones

The major response to changes in blood gases in initiated by the peripheral chemoreceptor areas

Choose the INCORRECT statement

6QUESTION 1082-200513

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

In an adult, haemoglobin consists of two alpha, two beta chains

oxygen is the only gas capable of binding to haemoglobin

oxygen binds with haemoglobin via oxidation

oxygen bound to haemoglobin does not contribute to PO2

Upon oxygen binding haemoglobin goes from relaxed to tense form, and this increases affinity for subsequent oxygen binding


7QUESTION 1082-200514

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

increased PO2

increased pH

increased pCO2

decreased 2,3 DPG

decreased temperature

The oxyhaemoglobin unloading reaction is increased by

8QUESTION 1082-200515

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.


Binding of O2 to Hb changes its configuration so that CO2 and H+ ions are more likely to dissociate.

When CO2 diffused into the alveoli, the PaCO2 is lowered.

Carbonic acid is an intermediate in the reaction combining H+ with HCO3- to form H2O and CO2.

Arterial blood flows to the tissues where H+ ions combine with HCO3- to form H2O and CO2.

Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the O2 / CO2 movement and processing through the lungs and tissues?

9QUESTION 1082-200529

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

The mucosal layer of the conducting zone promotes inspiration, opposes expiration

Cartilaginous tissue is found in both the conducting and respiratory zones

The smooth muscle (trachealis) is the innermost layer of the airways, and is important for diameter regulation

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells of the mucosal layer play a protective role in removing particulate matter from the airways

The conducting zone extends from (and includes) the nasal cavity to the respiratory bronchioles


10QUESTION 1082-20056

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Gas pressure is unrelated to volume

Increasing the volume of the lungs increases the gaseous pressure inside the lungs

Decreasing airway diameter results in an increased flow rate

Endothelial and alveolar cells are only separated by a thin fused basement membrane, greatly falicilating gaseous exchange

Gaseous diffusion is only able to occur in one direction; i.e. oxygen from alveoli to capillary and carbon dioxide from capillary to alveoli


11QUESTION 1082-20057

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

Smoking decreases lung compliance

Compliance refers the lungs ability to recoil

Lung compliance is increased in disease states that result in fibrotic tissue deposition

Surfactant decreases lung compliance

Compliance and elasticity are inversely proportional

Choose the CORRECT statement:

12QUESTION 1082-20058

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


The diaphragm is the only muscle involved in respiration

Abdominal muscles can be recruited to assist with inspiration

Internal Intercostals are inspiratory muscles

External intercostals are inspiratory muscles

The diaphragm relaxes to increase thoracic volume


13QUESTION 1082-20059

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Larynx, pharynx, trachea bronchioles

Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles

Pharynx, larynx, bronchioles, trachea

Pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchioles

None of the above

Write the correct sequence of the pathway through wh ich air travels after entering the body.

14QUESTION 1082-20091

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and HCO3-, H+ combines with imidazole side chain of hemoglobin, carried back to lungs as HHb+ and HCO3-, reverse reaction forms CO2.

O2 is metabolized to CO2, reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, H2CO3 combines with imidazole side chain of hemoglobin, H2CO3Hb+ is carried back to the lungs, reverse reaction forms CO2.

Reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and HCO3-, HCO3- combines with imidazole side chain of hemoglobin, carried back to the lungs as HCO3-Hb+ and H+, reverse reaction forms CO2.

O2 is metabolized to CO2, reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and HCO3-, carried back to lungs in this form, reverse reaction forms CO2.

None of the above

Which of the following is in the correct path of CO2 from the tissue to the atmosphere?

15QUESTION 1082-200910

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Heart

diaphragm

intercostals

Trapezius

None of the above

Which of the following is NOT an effector of respir ation?

16QUESTION 1082-200911

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


Terminal bronchioles.

Respiratory bronchioles.

Alveoli

segmental bronchi

alveolar ducts.

Which of the following is the first branching of th e bronchial tree that has gas exchanging capabiliti es?

17QUESTION 1082-200912

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

It would force blood the opposite direction.

It would increase the speed at which blood moves through the pulmonary circulation.

No change.

Blood flow would almost or completely stop.

None of the above is true

If you increased the left atrial pressure from 5 mm Hg to 15 mmHg, what effect would that have on pulmo nary circulation?

18QUESTION 1082-200913

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Vital capacity of the lung decreases.

Residual volume increases.

Functional residual capacity increases.

Inspiratory capacity decreases.

Expiratory reserve volume increases.

Which of the following is NOT a normal occurance with increasing age?

19QUESTION 1082-200914

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

FVC

FEV1

FFE

FEF25-75

None of the above

Which of the following spirometry measurements has t he greatest sensitivity for detecting early air flow obstruction?

20QUESTION 1082-200915

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


The ribs move upward.

The diaphragm lifts up.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the chest are increased.

The tranverse dimensions of the thorax are increased.

The scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles can be recruited for inspiration.

Which of the following does NOT happen during inspi ration?

21QUESTION 1082-200916

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric.

Alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric.

Alveolar pressure is the same as atmospheric.

Alveolar pressure is one of the few pressures where the reference pressure is not atmospheric.

None of the above is true

During inspiration, how does alveolar pressure compa re to atmospheric pressure?

22QUESTION 1082-200917

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Alveolar pressure

Airway opening pressure

Transthoracic pressure

Transpulmonary pressure

Esophageal pressure.

Which of the following represents the pressure diffe rence that acts to distend the lungs?

23QUESTION 1082-200918

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

It would increase it.

It would stay the same.

It would decrease it.

These variables do not affect lung compliance.

If a patient had a progressive lung disease that re quired an ever increasing pressure to fill the same v olume of lung, how would the lung's compliance be affected?

24QUESTION 1082-200919

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


Trapping of large foreign bodies

Exchange of gases

Humidification of inhaled air

Warming of inhaled air

All of the above

Which process DOES NOT occur in the nasal cavity?

25QUESTION 1082-20092

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

It stays the same.

It decreases.

It increases.

Static compliance, not dynamic, is the variable affected by asthma.

An asthma sufferer finds she has to breathe at twice her normal rate. How does that affect her dynamic co mpliance?

26QUESTION 1082-200920

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Surfactant lowers surface tension to a greater degree when it is on a smaller surface area, allowing the smaller alveoli to stay open.

Mechanical stability is given by surrounding alveoli.

Transpulmonary pressure is lower for smaller alveoli, allowing them to stabilize in comparison to the bigger ones.

Surface tension at the gas-liquid interface increases as alveolar surface area increases.

According to the Law of Laplace, air should flow fro m the smaller alveoli to the larger, collapsing them . In the lungs, several factors counter that tendency, and stabilize the alveolar structures. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

27QUESTION 1082-200921

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

It is part of a lipoprotein called dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl-choline.

It is synthesized by alveolar type II cells.

As the alveolar surface area decreases during the compression curve, the surfactant decreases the surface tension at a constant rate.

When surfactant density is decreased during expansion, surface tension initially rises rapidly, then slows down until it reaches the starting point.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the produ ction and role of lung surfactant?

28QUESTION 1082-200922

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


Their ability to synthesize DPPC is limited.

Higher pressures are required to ventilate the lungs.

Lung compliance is low.

Positive pressure respirators are often used to assist them in breathing.

Alveoli tend to overexpand and sometimes burst at the end of inspiration.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning respi ratory distress syndrome in premature infants?

29QUESTION 1082-200923

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

The lung would collapse on the side of the puncture.

Both the lung and the chest wall would collapse on the side of the puncture.

The relaxation pressure of the chest wall would increase until it surpassed the atmospheric.

The relaxation pressure of the chest wall would increase, but stop before it reached atmospheric pressure.

If the lung were punctured, which of the following w ould happen?

30QUESTION 1082-200924

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Up to 50% is in the nose.

The maximum resistance in the bronchial tree occurs at the fourth generation.

In the later generations, the radii are smaller, increasing the total resistance at each successive generation

Airway resistance can be increased by loss of tissue elasticity and contraction of bronchial smooth muscles.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning airway re sistance?

31QUESTION 1082-200925

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Warms expired air to body temperature.

Saturates inspired air with water vapor.

Removes bacteria and other particulate matter.

Conducts the warmed air to the respiratory membranes.

Which of the following is NOT a function of dead sp ace?

32QUESTION 1082-200926

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


Rate of CO2 production and alveolar ventilation.

Rate of CO2 production and rate of O2 consumption.

Alveolar ventilation and rate of O2 consumption.

Alveolar ventilation, rate of O2 consumption, and rate of CO2 production.

To which of the following is alveolar PCO2 directly proportional?

33QUESTION 1082-200927

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

A higher P50 than normal means that the O2 binds less tightly to Hb.

An increase in 2,3-DPG shifts the O2 uptake curve to the left.

An increase in PCO2 causes a right shift of the O2 uptake curve.

An decrease in pH increases P50.

An increase in temperature shifts the O2 uptake curve to the right.

Which of the following statements about Hb is FALSE ?

34QUESTION 1082-200928

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Capacity of lungs

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled

Residual air

All of the above

A,B are correct

Spirometer measures:

35QUESTION 1082-20093

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Cerebellum: Mechanoreceptor input

Limbic system: emotional states

Cerebral cortex: voluntary control

Cerebral motor cortex: exercise

Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT concernin g central nervous systems and a factor they respond to by affecting respiration?

36QUESTION 1082-200930

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


the external intercostal muscles relax.

more pleural fluid is formed.

the chest cavity increases in volume.

the abdominal cavity increases in volume.

the pleural cavity decreases in size.

When the diaphragm lowers during breathing

37QUESTION 1082-200931

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

increases when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.

becomes equal to the external environmental air pressure by the action of the respiratory muscles.

is always less than atmospheric pressure.

is less than atmospheric pressure ONLY during inspiration.

is the difference between the pressure in the pleural cavity and that within the lung alveoli.

Intrapleural pressureincreases when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.

38QUESTION 1082-200932

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

2 only

1 and 2 only

1 only

1, 2 and 3

3 only

The principal muscles of respiration used during norma l quiet respiration are -1. Diaphragm. 2. Muscles b etween the ribs (intercostals). 3. Muscles in the neck.

39QUESTION 1082-200933

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

results in the contraction of the diaphragm, during expiration.

is similar to the movement of the handle of a bucket.

carries the larynx downward.

is that they are lowered during inhalation.

is to be raised during expiration.

The action of the ribs during breathing

40QUESTION 1082-200934

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


It is the pressure between the two layers of the pleural membrane.

It is the difference between intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures.

This pressure is created by the stronger diaphragmatic contraction compared to intercostal contraction.

It is the pressure inside the lungs, which expands the lungs.

On inspiration, it is higher than atmospheric pressure.

Which of the following regarding transpulmonary pres sure is correct?

41QUESTION 1082-200935

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Relaxation of the diaphragm allows air to rush into the lungs.

Smooth muscle contraction in respiratory passages sucks in air.

The intra-alveolar pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure.

Intrapleural pressure increases above 760 mm Hg.

Parietal and visceral pleurae separate as the lungs expand.

Which of the following actions takes place on norma l inspiration?

42QUESTION 1082-200937

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

is called hyperpnea.

is that in which the intrathoracic pressure exceeds 760 mm Hg.

involves contraction of internal intercostal and abdominal muscles.

is caused by contraction of both internal and external intercostal muscles.

results from strong contraction of the diaphragm.

Forced expiration

43QUESTION 1082-200938

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

vital capacity.

inspiratory capacity.

complemental volume.

residual volume.

tidal volume.

A normal breath would be equal in volume to

44QUESTION 1082-200939

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�


tidal volume.

residual volume.

inspiratory reserve volume.

expiratory reserve volume.

None of the above

The volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhaltation is the

45QUESTION 1082-20094

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

supplemental air.

vital capacity.

inspiratory reserve.

alveolar air.

tidal volume.

The air which one moves in and out of the lungs dur ing normal, quiet breathing is called the

46QUESTION 1082-200940

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

respiratory volume.

tidal volume.

expiratory volume.

residual air.

minimal air.

The air that passes in and out of the respiratory p assages on each normal breath is called the

47QUESTION 1082-200941

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

is also known as the complemental air.

normally always remains in the lungs.

is the amount forcefully exhaled.

is the amount left in the trachea and bronchi at the end of expiration.

is the amount expelled on a normal expiration.

The residual volume of air in the lungs

48QUESTION 1082-200942

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


allows for an exact volume replacement by carbon dioxide.

into pulmonary venules is the result of active transport.

is the result of ciliary action.

into pulmonary capillaries is by diffusion.

into blood plasma takes place if the oxygen tension (concentration) of the plasma is higher than that of the alveolar air.

Movement of oxygen from alveolar air

49QUESTION 1082-200943

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

breathing.

internal respiration.

external respiration.

ventilation.

inhalation.

The exchange of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) b etween the blood and the air is known as

50QUESTION 1082-200944

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

takes place by diffusion across the alveoli and capillary walls.

is called internal respiration.

occurs only on inspiration, not on expiration.

occurs through all the respiratory surfaces, that is trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

The exchange of gases between lungs and blood

51QUESTION 1082-200945

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

active transport mechanisms.

diffusion.

filtration.

osmosis.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lung s by

52QUESTION 1082-200946

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


between red blood corpuscles and blood plasma.

in the pulmonary capillaries.

at the lung alveoli.

between red and white blood cells.

between cells, such as liver cells, and the blood.

Internal respiration is the exchange of gases that occurs

53QUESTION 1082-200947

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

combining with carbon monoxide.

combining with carbon dioxide.

losing the iron-containing haematin.

losing oxygen.

combining with oxygen.

The main oxygen-carrying compound of the blood is ha emoglobin. As a result of external respiration this compound is converted to oxyhaemoglobin by

54QUESTION 1082-200948

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

the pulmonary capillaries.

the alveoli.

the systemic capillaries.

none of these.

Blood gives up all of its oxygen during passage thro ugh

55QUESTION 1082-200949

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

total lung capacity.

vital capacity.

tidal volume.

residual volume

None of the above

The volume of air in a normal breath is called

56QUESTION 1082-20095

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


External respiration is defined as the diffusion of oxygen into body cells.

The volume of oxygen released from haemoglobin is independent of changes in bodily activity.

As oxygenated blood flows past cells, almost all of the contained oxygen diffuses into the cellular cytoplasm.

In internal respiration the partial pressure of oxygen comes to equal the partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Oxygenated blood changes to deoxygenated blood in internal respiration.

Which of the following regarding respiration is tru e?

57QUESTION 1082-200950

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

medulla.

spinal cord.

carotid sinus.

cerebellum.

cerebrum.

The center for control of normal respiration is locate d in the

58QUESTION 1082-200951

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

as gas dissolved in plasma.

as oxyhemoglobin.

as carboxyhemoglobin.

as bicarbonate

None of the above

Most oxygen in the blood is transported

59QUESTION 1082-20096

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

carbon monoxide in the blood.

carbon dioxide in the blood.

oxygen in the blood.

carbonic acid in the blood.

None of the above

The primary chemical stimulus for breathing is the c oncentration of

60QUESTION 1082-20097

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


Metabolism

Serves as a reservoir of blood for the left ventricle.

It is a filter to protect the systemic vasculature

Facilitates the exchange of O2 and CO2 between air and blood.

All of the above are true.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lun gs?

61QUESTION 1082-20099

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.�

pulmonary ventilation

ventilation and gas exchange between the air and blood

ventilation, gas exchange, and oxygen utilization by the tissues

gas exchange between the blood and tissues and oxygen utilization by the tissues

External respiration refers to:

62QUESTION HILL-20091

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

solubility of the gas in the liquid

the total pressure of the gas mixture

pH of the liquid

the osmotic pressure of the liquid

According to Henry's law, the amount of gas that wil l dissolve in blood plasma or any other liquid is de termined by which of these factors?


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

the rate of blood flow through pulmonary circulation decreases

The foramen ovale closes

the ductus arteriosus closes

the resistance to blood flow through the lung decreases

Which of the following changes does not occur when a fetus is delivered and begins to breathe on its ow n for the first time?


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 17

nitrogen narcosis

decompression sickness

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

carbon dioxide accumulation

The bends are symptomatic of _________________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

hypocapnia

acidosis

hypoxic drive

the Hering-Breuer reflex

If a person's PCO2 remains chronically high, as in e mphysema, the peripheral chemoreceptors become insen sitive to hypercapnia and pulmonary ventiliation becomes s timulated by _________ rather than by increases in b lood PCO2.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

apneustic center

Hering-Breuer reflex

hypercapnia

inspiratory neurons

The __________ makes it virtually impossible to vol untarily over-inflate the lungs.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

carboxyhemoglgobin

methemoglobin

reduced hemoglobin

carbaminohemoglobin

Hemoglobin that has undergone oxidation of the iron is known as ______________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


TRUE

FALSE

Epinephrine can be used to treat an asthmatic attack without the danger of also overstimulating the hear t.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

When deoxyhemoglobin binds to oxygen, it becomes ox idized hemoglobin.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

In a standing person, the alveoli located at the ba se of the lung are better ventilated (in liters per minute) than the alveoli found at the apex of the lung.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

Fetal hemoglobin or hemoglobin F does not bind oxyg en as well as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


intrapleural pressure

respiratory distress syndrome

pneumothorax


A chest wound can introduce air into the intrapleural space, a condition known as _______________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

Acidosis is a state in which the blood and tissue f luid have an acidic pH.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

pulmonary ventilation

ventilation and gas exchange between the air and blood

ventilation, gas exchange, and oxygen utilization by the tissues

gas exchange between the blood and tissues and oxygen utilization by the tissues

External respiration refers to ________________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

intrapleural pressure


pneumothorax


A chest wound can introduce air into the intrapleural space, a condition known as _______________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


Henry's law

Dalton's law

LaPlace's law

Boyle's law

According to _________, if it were not for pulmonary surfactants, we should expect the surface tension i n a small alveolus to produce greater pressure than in a large one and air would flow from the smaller alveolus to int o the larger one.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


low pulmonary elasticity

pneumothorax

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A deficiency of lung surfactant may result in ______ ________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

vital capacity

forced expiratory volume

residual volume

functional residual capacity

A restrictive lung disorder is indicated by a below normal _____________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

restrictive lung disorder

pulmonary fibrosis


obstructive lung disorder

Any lung disease that reduces the forced expiratory volume (FEV), but does not significantly affect the vital capacity is categorized purely as a(n) ____________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


asthma

pneumothorax

bronchitis

anthracosis

Which of the following is classified as a chronic ob structive pulmonary disease and is commonly known a s a black lung disease?


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

anthracosis


asthma

cor pulmonale

Obstruction of circulation through the lungs can put a strain on the right ventricle, which must work t o pump blood against this increased resistance and can lead to fa ilure of that chamber. This syndrome is known as ___________________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

0.2

12

120 mmHg

200 mmHg

A dry mixture of gases has a total pressure of 600 m mHg and the oxygen comprises 20% of the gas mixture. The partial pressure of oxygen (P02) is therefore equal to _________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

Henry's law

Dalton's law

LaPlace's law

Boyle's law

According to _________, if it were not for pulmonary surfactants, we should expect the surface tension i n a small alveolus to produce greater pressure than in a large one and air would flow from the smaller alveolus to int o the larger one.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


solubility of the gas in the liquid

the total pressure of the gas mixture

pH of the liquid

the osmotic pressure of the liquid

According to Henry's law, the amount of gas that wil l dissolve in blood plasma or any other liquid is de termined by which of these factors?


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

the rate of blood flow through pulmonary circulation decreases

the foramen ovale closes

the ductus arteriosus closes

the resistance to blood flow through the lung decreases

Which of the following changes does not occur when a fetus is delivered and begins to breathe on its ow n for the first time?


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

nitrogen narcosis


hyperbaric oxygen therapy

carbon dioxide accumulation

The bends are symptomatic of _________________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

hypocapnia

acidosis

hypoxic drive

the Hering-Breuer reflex

If a person's PCO2 remains chronically high, as in e mphysema, the peripheral chemoreceptors become insen sitive to hypercapnia and pulmonary ventiliation becomes s timulated by _________ rather than by increases in b lood PCO2.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


apneustic center

Hering-Breuer reflex

hypercapnia

inspiratory neurons

The __________ makes it virtually impossible to vol untarily over-inflate the lungs.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

carboxyhemoglgobin

methemoglobin

reduced hemoglobin

carbaminohemoglobin

Hemoglobin that has undergone oxidation of the iron is known as ______________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

Epinephrine can be used to treat an asthmatic attack without the danger of also overstimulating the hear t.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

When deoxyhemoglobin binds to oxygen, it becomes ox idized hemoglobin.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


TRUE

FALSE

In a standing person, the alveoli located at the ba se of the lung are better ventilated (in liters per minute) than the alveoli found at the apex of the lung.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

Fetal hemoglobin or hemoglobin F does not bind oxyg en as well as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


low pulmonary elasticity

pneumothorax


A deficiency of lung surfactant may result in ______ ________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

TRUE

FALSE

Acidosis is a state in which the blood and tissue f luid have an acidic pH.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


vital capacity

forced expiratory volume

residual volume

functional residual capacity

A restrictive lung disorder is indicated by a below normal ________


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

restrictive lung disorder

pulmonary fibrosis


obstructive lung disorder

Any lung disease that reduces the forced expiratory volume (FEV), but does not significantly affect the vital capacity is categorized purely as a(n) ____________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

asthma

pneumothorax

bronchitis

anthracosis

Which of the following is classified as a chronic ob structive pulmonary disease and is commonly known a s a black lung disease?


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

anthracosis


asthma

cor pulmonale

Obstruction of circulation through the lungs can put a strain on the right ventricle, which must work t o pump blood against this increased resistance and can lead to fa ilure of that chamber. This syndrome is known as __________________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�


0.2

12

120 mmHg

200 mmHg

A dry mixture of gases has a total pressure of 600 m mHg and the oxygen comprises 20% of the gas mixture. The partial pressure of oxygen (P02) is therefore equal to _________.


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

�

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Review Questions for: Physiology II-1