Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system:

Lecture Review 22

Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system:KidneysLiverUretersUrinary BladderUrethra

Answer: LiverWhich of the following is not a function of the urinary system?Remove waste from the bloodstream.Storage and excretion of urine.Regulation of blood pressure and volume.The cleansing and decomposition of blood.Secretion of erythropoietin to regulate RBC production. Answer: Number 4. True/False questions concerning the kidney:The kidneys are intraperitoneal, meaning they are found within the pericardial cavity.The right kidney is generally about 2 cm above the left one.The kidneys are surround and suspended by fat.The adrenal gland rests below the kidney and secretes several hormones. Answers:False. They are retroperitoneal against the posterior abdominal wall.False. The left kidney is about 2 cm above the right.True. Mesentery.False. It rests above the the kidney.

Locate where each of the following structure of the kidney are:Renal capsuleRenal cortexRenal medullaRenal columns Renal pyramidsRenal papillaMinor calyx (1 per pyramid)Major calyx (2-3 per kidney)Renal pelvis Ureter

12346578910Name the missing areas of renal blood flow:

Interlobar arteryRenal arteryRenal veinInterlobar veinArcuate arteryInterlobular arteryInterlobular veinArcuate veinSegmentalarteryNephrons are the functional unit of the kidney. Approximately how many nephrons do you have per kidney?1 million100,000 thousand1 thousand10 million

Answer: 1 millionDo you have more cortical or juxtamedullary nephrons? Answer: Cortical (85%)

Collecting ductsRenal papillaCortexMedulla12345What do each of the labeled numbers represent?Answers: GlomerusGlomerular capsuleProximal convoluted tubule (PCT)Nephron loop (loop of henle)Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)Name the structures of nephron blood supply:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

Collecting ductMedullaCortex123456789Arcuate arteryInterlobular arteryAfferent arterioleGlomerulusEfferent arteriolePeritubular CappilariesVasa rectaInterlobular veinArcuate veinFill in the blanks:The renal corpuscle is the site of ___________.

The __________ arterial is wider and brings filtrate to the glomerular capsule as where the _________ arterial takes filtrated fluid away from the glomerular capsule.

Another name for the glomerular capsule is __________ capsule.

Cells surrounding the fenestrated capillaries are known as __________ and form filtration slits to help form the filtation membrane.

filtrationafferentefferentBowmanspodocytesWhat is the purpose of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?Regulate urine storage Regulate the amount of glucose put back into veinsRegulate blood volume and pressureRegulate hormone distributionAnswer: regulate blood volume and pressure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is found where an afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule touch. What do the numbered structures represent on the picture to the right?

12Answer:Macula densa cellsJuxtaglomerular cellsFill in the missing steps of urine formation: FiltrationTo venous systemUrine ExcretionAfferent ArterioleEfferent ArterioleGlomerulusGlomerular CapsuleRenal TubulePeritubular CapillaryTubular ReabsorptionTubular SecretionFiltrationWhat percentage of fluid flows down the renal tubule after filtration? 20406080Answer: 20%. 80% is sent down the efferent arteriole before tubular reabsorption and secretion in the peritubular capillary. Therefore the equation for urine excretion is as followsUrine = Materials filtered Materials reabsorbed + Materials secretedMatch the structure with the definition:Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Nephron Loop

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Collecting DuctReabsorption of sodium, chloride and water takes place here.

Secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Is made up of simple cuboidal epithelium with few microvilli. Some water reabsorption.

Very active reabsorption of nutrients, electrolytes and water. Made up of simple cuboidal epithelium with a lot of microvilli.

Variable reabsorption of water. Fluid leaving this duct is called urine. Fill in the missing steps of urine flow:Collecting ductMinor calyx (1 per pyramid)Major calyx (2-3 per kidney)Renal pelvis UreterUrinary BladderUrethra

The ureters are retroperitoneal organs.TrueFalseAnswer: TrueCan you name the three layers of the ureters (what they are made of)?

1.2.3.

Mucosa-transitional epitheliumMuscularis-longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layersAdventitia-connective tissueWhich structure of the urinary bladder functions as a funnel to direct urine into the urethra as the bladder contracts?MucosaTrigoneSpindelUrether ValveAnswer: Trigone

How many layers does the urinary bladder have. What is the difference between urinary bladder and ureter tissues?Mucosa transitional epitheliumSubmucosa dense irregular connective tissueMuscularis detrusor muscleAdventitia areolar connective tissue Urethra:

1. The __________ urethral sphincter thickens the detrusor muscle. It is made of smooth muscle and is therefore involuntary.

2. The __________ urethral sphincter is a portion of the urogenital diaphragm and is made up of skeletal muscle, therefore under voluntary control.

12internalexternal

Name the three regions of the male urethra:Spongy urethraProstatic urethra Membranous urethra Micturition, more commonly known urination is controlled by 2 divisions. State whether each division stimulates or inhibits micturition. The parasympathetic nervous system __________ micturition.The sympathetic nervous system __________ micturition. stimulatesinhibitsName the three stages of the micturition reflex:

1.2.3.Stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulatedInternal and external urethral sphincters relaxDetrusor and abdominal muscles contractFill in the blanks:Between weeks 6-9 of pregnancy, the ___________ migrates from the pelvic cavity to the ________ portion of the _________ cavity. The pronephros and mesonephros both _________ during this time period.

metanephroslumbarpelvicdegenerateMatch the disorders of the urinary system with their descriptions below:Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary Incontinence

Urolithiasis (Kindey Stones)Inability to control the expulsion of urine.

Could be from multiple types of inflammation: urethritis, cystitis, pyelonepritis. Associated with dysuria, urgency, fever, nausea, back pain.

Causes include inadequate fluid intake and diet. Can be associate with small stones that are easily passed or large ones that can become stuck in urinary tract. Renal Failure Questions:You can donate a kidney while still living. (True/ false)

What type of drug must you take if you have had a kidney transplant? For how long?

What is another way that renal failure can be treated.Answer: True. You only need one kidney to function normally and therefore can donate one. Answer: Immunosuppressants. For the rest of your life. Answer: Dialysis blood is cycled through a machine several times a week.

Name the type of kidney variation or anomaly that may occur during embryology_____________ is caused when the metanephros/kidney never migrates from the pelvic cavity to the abdominal cavity.

_____________ occurs when the metanephros never becomes the kidney and instead degenerates.

________________ occurs when the 2 kidney fuse together while moving up towards the abdominal cavity.

Pelvic KidneyRenal AgenesisHorseshoe Kidney