Review of Unit 5 Structures and Functions of Living Organisms

Lesson 35

Congratulations! We have finished Unit 5 Living Organisms. Now it is time to review what we learned.

Take out your K-W-L chart in your notebook and as we review, write what you learned from this unit on Living Organisms. Write it in the What I Learned section.

In this unit we learned that some living things are unicellular and some are multicellular.

An amoeba is a unicellular organism. This one and only cell can perform all

the life functions.

The amoeba can carry out eating, digestion, locomotion, breathing and removal of waste all in one

single cell.

Multicellular organismsare organisms that consist of more than one cell and have differentiated cells that perform specialized functions in the organism.

Multicellular organisms are dependent on each other for the organism to survive, but if

one cell dies the organism can keep living.

How are structure and

function related in living

things?

Function is the job a living thing does, and structure is the shape and the materials the

living thing is made of.

Unicellular organisms develop functions that will help them

survive, and they develop structure that will support those

functions.

We learned that all unicellular

organisms must be small, so the

organism’s surface area is greater

than or equal to the organism’s volume. This allows the

organism to ventilate.

We learned that cells within a multicellular organism, such as an elephant, can not ventilate. They are too far away from the surface to get oxygen or release carbon

dioxide.

We learned that larger multicellular organisms need transport systems to meet the

needs of all cells in the body.

Multicellular organisms have division of labor, which means cells

specialize in certain functions. Cells do

not do all the functions of the

body. They only do a certain function.

All unicellular organisms must

be small. Larger organisms must be multicellular so the organism

can survive.

Circulatory System is responsible for

transporting materials

throughout the entire body.

We learned that the circulatory system is

a system that helps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen,

carbon dioxide, blood cells, etc. to and from

cells in the body to nourish them and help

them to survive.

We learned the circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels,

including arteries, veins, and capillaries.

We learned that the respiratory system

allows much needed oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also

enabling the body to get rid of carbon

dioxide from the body into the air the

body breathes out. lungs

Respiration is when the body exchanges the

oxygen it takes in for the carbon dioxide it

needs to get rid of.

All of this breathing couldn't happen

without the respiratory

system, which includes the nose, throat,

voice box, windpipe, and

lungs.

These two systems work well together.

The respiratory

system brings the air into the body and releases

carbon dioxide from

the body.

And the circulatory

system transports the oxygen to the cells

and the carbon

dioxide to the lungs to be released.

A Skeletal system is

made up of the bones

of the body.

Every single person has a

skeleton made up of many bones.

These bones give your body

structure, let you move in many

ways, protect your internal organs,

and more.

The skeletal system is made up of the

skull, the ribs, vertebrae, the

pelvis and many, many more. Adults have 206 bones in

their body.

A Muscular System is made up of the muscles of the body.

Muscles do everything from pumping blood throughout your body to helping

you lift your heavy backpack.

You control some of your muscles, while others —

like your heart — do their jobs without you

thinking about them at all.

Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue

(sort of like the material in a rubber band). Thousands, or even tens of thousands, of small fibers

make up each muscle.

You have three different types of muscles in your body: smooth

muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle.

The skeletal

system and the

muscular system work

together.

Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength. In

most cases, a skeletal muscle is attached to one end of a bone. It stretches all the way across a joint

(the place where two bones meet) and then attaches again to another bone.

Skeletal muscles are held to the bones with the

help of tendons. Tendons are cords

made of tough tissue, and they work as special

connector pieces between bone and

muscle.

Food is our fuel, and its nutrients give our

bodies' cells the energy and

substances they need to operate. But before food can do

that, it must be digested into small pieces the body can

absorb and use.

The digestive system is

responsible for taking the

food we eat and breaking

it down to parts that can be used by the

cells of the body.

The digestive system includes

the mouth, esophagus,

liver, stomach, gall bladder,

pancreas, small intestines,

large intestines and the rectum.

The nervous system is in

charge of sending out messages

throughout the body. The nervous system is comprised of

two parts.

The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal

cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of

many nerves spread across the

body.

The brain is the boss of the body. The brain is the most complicated organ of our body. It has three

major parts. The cerebrum, the brain stem and the cerebellum.

It's the spinal cord and nerves — known as the nervous system —

that let messages flow back and forth between the brain

and body.

Some of the nerves receive

information and some carry

information from the brain to the

body.

Now take some time to review the vocabulary for Unit 5 with a

friend.

In our next lesson we will take a test on

all the information we have learned in

Unit 5.

Good Job Today!

And remember to….

See you next time!