Review of social determinants and the health divide in the ... · Review of social determinants ... The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material ... centres in

Review of social determinants and the health divide in the WHO European Region: final report

Source materials used in case studies

Review chair Michael Marmot

Report prepared by UCL Institute of Health Equity

Review of social determinants and the health divide in the WHO European Region: executive summary


Abstract

The WHO European Region has seen remarkable health gains in populations that have experienced progressive improvements in the conditions in which people are born, grow, live and work. Inequities persist, however, both between and within countries. The review of social determinants and the health divide in the WHO European Region was commissioned to support the development of the new European policy framework for health and well-being, Health 2020. This resource provides references to the source materials used in case studies presented in the final report of the review.

Keywords

Case studies Social determinants of health Source guides

Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to:

Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark

Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest).

© World Health Organization 2014

All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization.

Source materials used in case studies 1


The following table provides references to the source materials used in case studies presented in the Review of social determinants and the health divide in the WHO European Region: final report.

Title of case study Page number in the review final report

Relevant task group report

References

Examples: parenting/family support

68 Early years, education and family

Currie C et al. Early years, family and education task group final report. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Baby and toddler health centres, the Netherlands

68 Centrum voor jeugd en gezin [Centre for youth and children] [web site]. Rotterdam, Foundation Opvoeden.nl, 2013 (http://www.cjg.nl/, accessed 23 April 2014).

Darwish L, de Vries S. Youth and family centres in the Netherlands. Utrecht, the Netherlands Youth Institute, 2010 (http://www.youthpolicy.nl/yp/downloadsyp/Publications-Youth-and-family-centres-in-The-Netherlands.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Sure Start children’s centres, United Kingdom

68 The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) Research Team. The impact of Sure Start local programmes on seven year olds and their families. London, Department for Education, 2012 (Research Report DFE-RR220; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/184073/DFE-RR220.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Association Aprender em Parceria (A PAR) [Learning in Partnership Association] programme, Portugal

68 Nabuco M et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the A PAR programme in Portugal. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal (in press).

Other examples 68 Evangelou M, Brooks G, Smith S. The Birth to School Study: evidence on the effectiveness of PEEP, an early intervention for children at risk of educational under-achievement. Oxford Review of Education, 2007, 33(5):581–609.

Zinchenko AH. Securing equal opportunities and rights for children under growing poverty risks: national report on the situation of children in Ukraine for 2009. Kiev, Ministry of Ukraine for Family, Youth and Sports, State Department for Adoption and Protection of Child Rights, State Institute for Family and Youth Development, 2010.

2 Review of social determinants and the health divide in the WHO European Region



References

Examples: the positive influence of early childhood education and care (ECEC)



Barnekow V et al., eds. Improving the lives of children and young people: case studies from Europe. Volume 1. Early years [online resource]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/232485/e96924.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

United Kingdom 69 Melhuish EC et al. The early years − preschool influences on mathematics achievement. Science, 2008, 321(5893):1161−1162.

Sylva K et al. Early childhood matters. Evidence from the effective pre-school and primary education project. London, Routledge, 2010.

Sammons P et al. Effective pre-school and primary education 3−11 project (EPPE 3−11). Influences on children’s attainment and progress in key stage 2: cognitive outcomes in year 6. London, Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2008 (Research Report DCSF-RR048; http://eppe.ioe.ac.uk/eppe3-11/eppe3-11%20pdfs/eppepapers/DfE-RR048.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

France 69 Dumas C, Lefranc A. Early schooling and later outcomes: evidence from pre-school extension in France. Pontoise, Université de Cergy, 2010 (Thema Working Paper No. 2010−07; http://thema.u-cergy.fr/IMG/documents/2010-07.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Switzerland 69 Bauer PC, Riphahn RT. Age at school entry and intergenerational educational mobility. Economics Letters, 2009, 103(2):87−90.

Norway 69 Havnes T, Mogstad M. No child left behind: universal child care and children’s long-run outcomes. Oslo, Research Department of Statistics Norway, 2009.




References

Case studies: coordinated healthaction programmes



Barnekow V et al., eds. Improving the lives of children and young people: case studies from Europe. Volume 2. Childhood [online resource]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/232504/e96925.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

National strategy for child and adolescent health, 2005, Armenia

70 European strategy for child and adolescent health and development: from resolution to action 2005–2008. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2008 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/81831/E91655.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Information from the Government of the Republic of Armenia on the children’s right to health: HRC resolution 19/37. Yerevan, Government of the Republic of Armenia (http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Children/Study/RightHealth/Armenia.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

National nutritional health programme, France

70 French national nutrition and health program 2011 2015. Paris, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé, 2012 (http://www.sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/PNNS_UK_INDD_V2.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case studies: school-based programmes



Barnekow V et al., eds. Improving the lives of children and young people: case studies from Europe. Volume 3. School [online resource]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/232505/e96926.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Schools for Health in Europe

73 Schools for Health in Europe network [web site]. Utrecht, CBO (http://www.schools-for-health.eu/she-network, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Health promotion/ social determinantsprogrammes, Cyprus

73 Barnekow V et al., eds. Improving the lives of children and young people: case studies from Europe. Volume 3. School [online resource]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/232505/e96926.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

“Learning to live better together”, France


School canteen project, Denmark


Case studies: extending the role of schools

73 Early years, educationand family


Under one roof: the integration of schools and community services in OECD countries. Paris, OECD, 1998 (http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/education/under-one-roof_9789264163423-en#page1, accessed 23 April 2014).

The Netherlands 73 Under one roof: the integration of schools and community services in OECD countries. Paris, OECD, 1998 (http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/education/under-one-roof_9789264163423-en#page1, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Sweden 73 Under one roof: the integration of schools and community services in OECD countries. Paris, OECD, 1998 (http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/education/under-one-roof_9789264163423-en#page1, accessed 23 April 2014).

United Kingdom (England)

73 Cummings C, Dyson A, Todd L. Beyond the school gates: can full service and extended schools overcome disadvantage? London, Routledge, 2011.

Case studies: priority policies in education



Demeuse M et al., eds. Education policies and inequalities in Europe. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Roma education programme, Greece

74 Varnava-Skoura G, Vergidis D, Kassimi C. Greece: on mechanisms and successive programmes between support and innovation. In: Demeuse M et al., eds. Education policies and inequalities in Europe. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012:127–154.

Measures for Roma children, Romania

74 Rus C. Romania: a system in evolution searching for its conceptual references. In: Demeuse M et al., eds. Education policies and inequalities in Europe. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012:223–258.

Case studies: area-based initiatives



Ballymun initiative, Ireland

74 Ballymun Whitehall Area Partnership [web site]. Dublin, Ballymun Partnership, 2014 (http://www.ballymun.org/index.html, accessed 23 April 2014).

Harlem Children’s Zone, New York

74 Harlem Children’s Zone [web site]. New York, NY, Harlem Children’s Zone, 2014 (http://www.hcz.org/index.php, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Case studies: inclusive education



Policy guidelines on inclusion in education. Paris, UNESCO, 2009 (http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001778/177849e.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Poland 74 Child friendly schools [web site]. Geneva, UNICEF, 2014 (http://www.unicef.org/lifeskills/index_7260.html, accessed 23 April 2014).

Strategies to counter bullying. Slough, Eurydice at NFER, 2012 (http://www.nfer.ac.uk/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid=09F2CF13-C29E-AD4D-0855-E0C5DD51968F&siteName=nfer, accessed 23 April 2014).

Roma Education Fund, central and south-eastern Europe

74 Education. Addressing exclusion [web site]. Paris, UNESCO, 1995−2012 (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengthening-education-systems/inclusive-education, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case studies: national policies tackling health-adverse working conditions through innovative approaches

78 Employment and working conditions

Siegrist J, Rosskam E, Leka S. Report of task group 2: employment and working conditions including occupation, unemployment and migrant workers. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Leka S, Jain A, Widerszal-Bazyl M. Developing a standard for psychosocial risk management: PAS 1010. Safety Science, 2011, 49(7):1047–1057.

Leka S et al. The role of policy for the management of psychosocial risks at the workplace in the European Union. Safety Science, 2010, 49(4):558–564.




References

Leka A, Cox T, eds. PRIMA-EF: guidance on the European framework for psychosocial risk management: a resource for employers and worker representatives. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (Protecting Workers’ Health Series, No. 9; http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/PRIMA-EF%20Guidance_9.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

European Social Partners. Implementation of the European autonomous framework agreement on work-related stress. Brussels, European Trade Union Confederation, 2008 (http://www.ueapme.com/IMG/pdf/Stress_Final_Implementation_report_231108.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

The management standard approach

78 MacKay CJ et al. Management standards and work related stress in the UK: policy background and science. Work and Stress, 2004, 18:91–112.

Managing the causes of work-related stress: a step-by-step approach using the management standards. Sudbury, Health and Safety Executive, 2007 (http://www.hseni.gov.uk/hsg218_managing_the_causes_of_work_related_stress.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Work and health covenants

78 Leka S, Jain A, Widerszal-Bazyl M. Developing a standard for psychosocial risk management: PAS 1010. Safety Science, 2011, 49(7):1047–1057.

Denmark 78 Bøgehus Rasmussen M, Hansen T, Nielsen KT. New tools and strategies for the inspection of the psychosocial working environment: the experience of the Danish Working Environment Authority. Safety Science, 2011, 49:565–574.

Nordic countries 78 Leka S, Jain A, Widerszal-Bazyl M. Developing a standard for psychosocial risk management: PAS 1010. Safety Science, 2011, 49(7):1047–1057.

Ilmarinen J, Tempel J. Arbeitsfähigkeit 2010. Hamburg, Rowohlt, 2002. (http://www.neue-wege-im-bem.de/sites/neue-wege-im-bem.de/dateien/download/arbeitsfaehigkeit_2010_buch.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Self-report questionnaires

78 Aust B, Ducki A. Comprehensive health promotion interventions at the workplace: experiences with health circles in Germany. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2004, 9:258–270.

Bøgehus Rasmussen M, Hansen T, Nielsen KT. New tools and strategies for the inspection of the psychosocial working environment: the experience of the Danish Working Environment Authority. Safety Science, 2011, 49:565–574.

Nielsen K et al. Conducting organization level occupational health interventions: what works? Work & Stress, 2010, 24:234–259.

Davies C, Wardle M. Health, work and wellbeing. Defining the priorities: workplace health needs assessment for employers. London, Department of Health, 2012 (http://www.empho.org.uk/Download/Public/12735/1/Workplace_HNA_for_Employers%20Feb2012.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Health and occupation research network [web site]. Manchester, University of Manchester, 2013 (http://www.medicine.manchester.ac.uk/oeh/research/thor/, accessed 23 April 2014).

Gollac M, ed. Mesurer les facteurs psychosociaux de risque au travail pour les maîtriser. Rapport du Collège d’Expertise sur le suivi des Risques Psychosociaux au Travail, faisant suite à la demande du Ministre du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Santé. Paris, Collège d’Expertise sur le suivi des Risques Psychosociaux au Travail, 2011 (http://travail-emploi.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/rapport_SRPST_definitif_rectifie_11_05_10.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

European Union (EU) open method of coordination

78 Leka S et al. Policy-level interventions and work-related psychosocial risk management in the European Union. Work and Stress, 2010, 24(3):298−307.




References

Case studies: occupational health and safety



Rantanen J. Occupational health service systems in the south-eastern European subregion. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010.

Benach J et al. The importance of government policies in reducing employment related health inequalities. British Medical Journal, 2010, 340:c2154.

Rantanen J et al., eds. Work and health country profiles of twenty-two European countries. Helsinki, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 2002 (People and Work Research Reports 52; http://www.ttl.fi/en/publications/Electronic_publications/pilot_survey_2002/Pages/default.aspx, accessed 23 April 2014).

Wiking H, Marat R. Project RUS/09/02/FIN. Developing and implementing occupational safety and health (OSH) system in the north-west region of the Russian Federation to provide decent and safe work – 3rd phase. Moscow, International Labour Organization Subregional Office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2011.

Harmonizing and promoting occupationalhealth and safety

79 Workers’ health: global plan of action. Sixtieth World Health Assembly agenda item 12.13. WHA60.26. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/occupational_health/WHO_health_assembly_en_web.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

European Psychosocial Risk Management Excellence Framework (PRIMA−EF) programme

79 Workers’ health: global plan of action. Sixtieth World Health Assembly agenda item 12.13. WHA60.26. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/occupational_health/WHO_health_assembly_en_web.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Prevention of injuries and accidents at work

79 Perrin D et al. Jurisdiction: Germany. Comparative Review of Workers’ Compensation Systems in Select Jurisdictions, 1999, 22 February:1−14 (http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/rcwc/research/perrin-thorau-germany.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Seifert J et al. Arbeits- und wegeunfälle. In: Lob G, Richter M, eds. Prävention von Verletzungen. Stuttgart, Schattauer, 2008:79−85.

Case studies: European year of active ageing and solidarity between generations

86 Older people Grundy E, ed. Task group on older people. Health inequalities and the health divide among older people in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Brus M. 2012: European year of active ageing and solidarity between generations [web site]. Brussels, Library of the European Parliament, 2012 (http://epthinktank.eu/2012/05/14/2012-european-year-of-active-ageing-and-solidarity-between-generations/, accessed 23 April 2014).

Stegeman I et al. Healthy and active ageing. Brussels, EuroHealthNet, 2012 (http://www.healthyageing.eu/sites/www.healthyageing.eu/files/resources/Healthy%20and%20Active%20Ageing.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Strategy and action plan for healthy ageing in Europe, 2012−2020. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/175544/RC62wd10Rev1-Eng.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: understanding the effect of chemical poisoning on human health and the environment in Hungary and Romania

97 Sustainability and community

Coote A, Boyce T. Task group on sustainability and community. Final report. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Toth JI. Social responsibility in pollution: the case of the Tisza River. In: Susanne C, ed. Societal responsibilities in life science. Delhi,Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2004:143−147.

Schiermeier Q et al. Whatever happened to ... ? Nature, 2010, 23 December: DOI: 10.1038/news.2010.690 (http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101223/full/news.2010.690.html, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Case study: healthy urban planning objectives



Grant M et al. Masterclass briefing. Evidence review on the spatial determinants of health in urban settings. Bristol, University of the West of England, 2010.

Environment and health risks: a review of the influence and effects of social inequalities. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78069/E93670.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Federal building code (Baugesetzbuch, BauGB). Berlin, Federal Ministry for Transport, Construction and Housing, 2000 (http://www. iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/BauGB.htm#I, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: managing heat waves



Matthies F et al. Heat-health action plans. Guidance. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2008 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/95919/E91347.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Vandentorren S et al. August 2003 heat wave in France: risk factors for death of elderly people living at home. European Journal of Public Health, 2006, 16(6):583−591.

Meusel D et al. The Bratislava Collaborating Group. Public health responses to extreme weather and climate events − a brief summary of the WHO meeting on this topic in Bratislava on 9−10 February 2004. Journal of Public Health, 2004, 12(6):371−381.




References

Case study: youth homelessness in Serbia



Centar Za Integraciju Mladih [Centre for Youth Integration] [web site]. Belgrade, Centar Za Integraciju Mladih, 2013 (http://www.cim.org.rs/?lang=en/, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: cycling in Copenhagen



Building health: creating and enhancing places for healthy, active lives. London, National Heart Forum, 2007 (http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/item.aspx?RID=85464, accessed 23 April 2014).

Racioppi F, Dora C, Krech R. A physically active life through everyday transport. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2002 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0011/87572/E75662.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: “Decade of Roma inclusion” − aspects of employment policy

104 Social exclusion, disadvantageand vulnerability

Popay J, ed. Final report of the social exclusion, disadvantage and vulnerability task group: review of social determinants of health and the health divide in the WHO EURO region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Collins M, Halliday E, Popay J. Annex. The experience of Europe’s Roma people: addressing exclusionary processes and vulnerable spaces. In: Popay J, ed. Final report of the social exclusion, disadvantage and vulnerability task group: review of social determinants of health and the health divide in the WHO EURO region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Decade declaration [web site]. Budapest, Decade of Roma Inclusion Foundation, 2012 (http://www.romadecade.org/article/decade-declaration/9240, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Decade national actions plans [web site]. Budapest, Decade of Roma Inclusion Foundation, 2012 (http://www.romadecade.org/article/decade-action-plans/9296, accessed 23 April 2014).

Open Society Foundations. No data – no progress: data collection in countries participating in the Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005–2015. New York, NY, Open Society Institute, 2010 (http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/no-data-no-progress-20100628.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Decade Watch. Decade watch: results of the 2009 survey. Budapest, Open Society Institute, 2010 (http://www.romadecade.org/cms/upload/file/9317_file1_decade-watch--results-of-the-2009-survey--revised.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: “Decade of Roma inclusion” −education policy



Collins M, Halliday E, Popay J. Annex. The experience of Europe’s Roma people: addressing exclusionary processes and vulnerable spaces. In: Popay J, ed. Final report of the social exclusion, disadvantage and vulnerability task group: review of social determinants of health and the health divide in the WHO EURO region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Decade declaration [web site]. Budapest, Decade of Roma Inclusion Foundation, 2012 (http://www.romadecade.org/article/decade-declaration/9240, accessed 23 April 2014).

Decade national actions plans [web site]. Budapest, Decade of Roma Inclusion Foundation, 2012 (http://www.romadecade.org/article/decade-action-plans/9296, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Open Society Foundations. No data – no progress: data collection in countries participating in the Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005–2015. New York, NY, Open Society Institute, 2010 (http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/no-data-no-progress-20100628.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Decade Watch. Decade watch: results of the 2009 survey. Budapest, Open Society Institute, 2010 (http://www.romadecade.org/cms/upload/file/9317_file1_decade-watch--results-of-the-2009-survey--revised.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Roma education fund [web site]. Budapest, Roma Education Fund, 2014 (http://www.romaeducationfund.hu, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: irregular migration policies



Ingleby D. Social exclusion, disadvantage & vulnerability task group background paper 4: irregular migrants in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Scandinavia 108 Dommernik J, Jandl M. Modes of migration regulation and control in Europe. IMISCOE reports. Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 2008.

Broders D, Engerson G. The fight against illegal migration: identification policies and immigrants’ counterstrategies. American Behavioral Scientist, 2007, 50:1592−1609.

Greece 108 Triandafyllidou A, Maroukis T. Irregular migration in Greece. Counting the uncountable. Data and trends across Europe. Athens, Clandestino, 2009.




References

Case study: countries’ experiences of financial crisis − Ireland

111 Global influences Labonté R, Ruckert A. Global influences task group final report. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Stuckler D, Basu S, McKee M. The impact of global finance policy on public health and health inequality: crises and policy responses in the European Union. A global influences task group background report. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Houston M et al. Health services across Europe face cuts as debt crisis begins to bite. British Medical Journal, 2011, 343: DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d5266.

Case study: countries’ experiences of financial crisis − Greece



Janssen R. Greece and the IMF: who exactly is being saved? Washington, DC, Center for Economic and Policy Research, 2010 (http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/greece-imf-2010-07.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Economou M et al. Increased suicidality amid economic crisis in Greece. Lancet, 2011, 378(9801):1459.

Triantafyllou K, Angeletopoulou C. IMF and European co-workers attack public health in Greece. Lancet, 2011, 378(9801):1459−1460.

Case study: countries’ experiences of financial crisis − Latvia






References

Weisbrot M, Ray R. Latvia’s internal devaluation: a success story? Washington, DC, Center for Economic and Policy Research, 2011 (http://www.cepr.net/index.php/publications/reports/latvias-internal-devaluation-a-success-story, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: anticipating the effects of climate change



May E et al. Health effects of climate change in the West Midlands: technical report. Birmingham, West Midlands Public Health Observatory, 2010 (http://www.wmpho.org.uk/publications/item.aspx?id=3276, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: biofuels



Lang T. From “value-for-money” to “values-for-money”? Ethical food and policy in Europe. Environment and Planning A, 2010, 42(8):1814−1832.

The state of food and agriculture 2008. Biofuels: prospects, risks and opportunities. Rome, Food and Agriculture Association of the United Nations, 2008 (ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/i0100e/i0100e.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Lobstein T, Friel S, Dowler E. Food, fuel and NCDs. Lancet, 2008, 372(9639):628.

The post-alcohol world. The Economist, 2010, 30 October (http://www.economist.com/node/17358802, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: climate food labellingin Sweden



Climate certification for food – information in English [web site]. Stockholm, Klimatcertifiering för Mat, 2012 (http://www.klimatmarkningen.se/in-english, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Richert A. Status report: climate certification for food. Stockholm, Klimatcertifiering för Mat, 2010 (http://www.klimatmarkningen.se/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Status-Report-Climate-Certification-for-Food-2010-12-01.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: whole- of-government approach to social inclusion in Poland

129 Governance and delivery mechanisms

Governance and delivery mechanisms task group report. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Case study: whole- of-government/whole-of-society approach to reduce inequities in United Kingdom (Scotland)

130 Governance and delivery mechanisms

Governance and delivery mechanisms task group report. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Single outcome agreements (SOAs) [web site]. Edinburgh, The Scottish Government, 2013 (http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/PublicServiceReform/CP/SOA2012, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: developing good practice in primarycare management of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in the EU

133 Ill health prevention and treatment

Ill health prevention and treatment task group final report: review of social determinants of health and the health divide in the WHO EURO Region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Primary Health Care European Project on Alcohol [web site]. Barcelona, PHCEPA, 2012 (http://www.phepa.net/units/phepa/html/en/Du9/index.html, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: equity focus in policy to reduce harmfuluse of alcohol in Estonia



European health for all database [online database]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013 (http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb/, accessed 23 April 2014).

Schmidt LA et al. Alcohol: equity and social determinants. In: Blas E, ed. Equity, social determinants and public health programmes. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010:11−29 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241563970_eng.pdf/, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Reinap M, Tael M, Jesse M. Case study on socially determined inequities in alcohol consumption patterns in Estonia. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013 (http://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/estonia/publications3/case-study-on-socially-determined-inequities-in-alcohol-consumption-patterns-in-estonia, accessed 23 April 2014).

Blas E, Kurup AS. Equity, social determinants and public health programmes. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241563970_eng.pdf, accessed 15 July 2013).

Case study: OptimaH1 60plus − improving nutrition and physical activity among older people of low socioeconomic status (SES) and migrant backgrounds



Keimer KM, Dreas JA, Hassel H. Recruiting elderly with a migration and/or low socioeconomic status in the prevention study OptimaHl 60plus. Journal of Primary Prevention, 2011, 32(1):53−63.

Case study: Romsås in motion, Oslo



Jenum AK, Lorentzen CAN, Ommundsen Y. Targeting physical activity in a low socioeconomic status population: observations from the Norwegian “Romsås in motion” study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009, 43(1):64−69.

Case study: supporting TB treatment inTomsk, Russian Federation



Keshavjee S et al. Treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Tomsk, Russia: developing programs that address the linkage between poverty and disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 2008, 1136:1−11.




References

Case study: enabling completion of TB treatment in Tajikistan



Helping stop TB in Tajikistan. Rome, World Food Programme, 2010 (http://www.wfp.org/sites/default/files/Tajikistan%20fact%20sheet%20TB%20patients_0.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Case study: rapid appraisal to assesscommunity health needs in Croatia

145 Measurement and targets

Bobak M, Stein C, eds. Measurement and targets task group final report: review of the social determinants of health and the health divide in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Case study: monitoring social determinants of health to inform policies to improve workers’ health



Case study: examples of childhood data collections that enable equity analyses



Currie C et al., eds. Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2009/2010 survey. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012 (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 6; http://www.hbsc.org/publications/international/, accessed 23 April 2014).

Currie C et al., eds. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: international report from the 2005/2006 survey. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2008 (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 5; http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/53852/E91416.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Brooks A et al. State of the nation’s children. Ireland 2010. Dublin, Office of the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs, 2010 (http://www.dcya.gov.ie/documents/publications/state_of_the_nations_children_2010.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Kleiser C et al. Potential determinants of obesity among children and adolescents in Germany: results from the cross-sectional KiGGS study. BMC Public Health, 2009, 2:9.

Case study: gaps in data and researchon older people and inequalities

149 Older people Grundy E, ed. Task group on older people. Health inequalities and the health divide among older people in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2012.

Case study: gaps in data and researchon sustainability and inequalities



Social and gender inequalities in environment and health. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010 (http://www. euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/76519/Parma_EH_Conf_pb1.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).


The HEM Project Team. Closing the health gap in European Union. Warsaw, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Division, the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, 2008 (https://camtools.cam.ac.uk/access/content/group/5e895f99-398c-46c7-86ab-b1f76a48c718/2_Ppblic_Health_Assessment/03_The_east_west_gap_in_Europe/Closing_the_health_gap_in_EU_chs_1_and_2.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).

Environment and health risks: a review of the influence and effects of social inequalities. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78069/E93670.pdf, accessed 23 April 2014).




References

Case study: building capacity to integrate the social determinants of health and an equity focus into health strategies,programmes and activities in Spain




The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations created in 1948 with the primary responsibility for international health matters and public health. The WHO Regional Office for Europe is one of six regional offices throughout the world, each with its own programme geared to the particular health conditions of the countries it serves.

Member States

Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

UN City Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark

Tel.: +45 45 33 70 00 Fax: +45 45 33 70 01 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.euro.who.int

cove

r ph

oto:

bjo

ern

stei

nz | p

anos

pic

ture

s