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Review of Literature
9th-11th grade
9th grade literature
• Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck• To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee• Other: – American Born Chinese by Gene Luen Yang– The Pearl by John Steinbeck
Of Mice and Men
• Author: John Steinbeck• Setting: 1930s, South of Soledad, California • Narrator: 3rd person omniscient• Symbols: – George and Lennie’s Farm: American Dream; land
and independence– Rabbits: Innocence– Candy’s Dog: Quality of life; acts of mercy and
kindness
Important Characters in OMM
• Lennie Smalls: huge man; migrant worker; mild mental disability; doesn’t understand his own strength; dependent on George; innocent; hopeful
• George: small in size; defined features; migrant worker; intelligent; caregiver to Lennie; shares the dream with Lennie, but gets frustrated with him
Other characters in OMM
• Candy: old swamper; dog is his companion• Curley: boss’s son; mean spirited, jealous,
untrusting of his wife• Curley’s wife: attractive, red dress, flirtatious,
source of trouble, dreams of being a movie star
Themes in OMM
• Broken Plans/dreams• The American Dream• Male Friendship• Weakness vs. Strength• The portrayal of women• Loneliness
To Kill a Mockingbird
Literary Element Review
Notes
• Author: Harper Lee• Point of View: First-person; Scout Finch • Setting:– Time: 1930’s– Maycomb, Alabama– Mood: lighthearted, humorous, reflective– Atmosphere:
• Great Depression• Small town• discrimination
Theme
• The Coexistence of Good and Evil– Mrs. Dubose– Aunt Alexandra– Boo Radley– Walter Cunningham Senior– Jury
Theme
• The Importance of Moral Education– Atticus – seeing from other’s perspectives;
equality; nonviolence– Miss Maudie –respect for all people– Calpurnia
Theme
• The Existence of Social Inequality– Tom Robinson’s trial– Finches – Cunninghams – Ewells – Black
community
Theme
• The Destruction of Innocence– Miss Maudie – Mayella – Tom Robinson– Jem– Scout
Theme
• Courage is doing what is right even when the odds of succeeding are poor– Mrs. Dubose beating her addiction– Atticus with the trial
Theme
• Prejudice and superstition leading to injustice– Tom being found guilty when innocent– Boo Radley
Symbols in TKAM
• Mockingbirds: innocence/loss of innocence
10th grade literature
• Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare• Lord of the Flies by William Golding• Other:• After the First Death by Robert Cormier• Antigone by Sophocles• Frankenstein by Mary Shelley • Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
Romeo and Juliet
• Author: William Shakespeare• Play/Drama/Tragedy• Setting: 1500s; Verona, Italy; Two children
from feuding families fall in love
Important Characters
• Romeo: Impulsive; Impetuous; quick to fall in love; emotional; fails to think things through meaningfully
• Juliet: 13 years old; initially obedient and bending to her parents’ will; grows to be willful, independent; quick to fall in love
Other characters
• Montague's– Romeo– Benvolio– Lady M– Montague
• Capulet’s– Juliet– Parents– Tybalt – Nurse
Themes
• Young Love• Fate• Haste/Impulsivity • Decisions
Conflicts
• Man vs. Man: Montagues vs. Capulets• Man vs. Man: Romeo vs. Tybalt
Lord of the Flies
• Author: William Golding• Point of View: 3rd person omniscient• Setting: 1940s during a fictional war; deserted
island; a group of British school boys are evacuated during war and crash onto an island; left to fend for themselves
• Allegory (metaphorical)
Important Characters
• Ralph: Leader, goodness, organization, order• Jack: Hunter, evil, chaos, disorder• Simon: Christ Figure; spirituality; philosophy• Piggy: Intelligence, logic, unaccepted
Conflict
• Man vs. Man: Ralph vs. Jack• Man vs. Man: Jack vs. Piggy• Man vs. Man: Boys vs. Simon
Themes
• The inherent (naturally occurring) evil in mankind
• Good vs. evil• Leadership• Survival • Community vs. Individuality
11th grade literature
• The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald• The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls• A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry• Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson
The Great Gatsby
• Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald• Point of View: First Person and third person
(Nick Caraway) • Setting: 1920s; prohibition; Long Island/NYC– East Egg: Old money (Daisy and Tom)– West Egg: New money (Gatsby and Nick)
Characters
• Nick Caraway• Jay Gatsby• Tom Buchanan • Daisy Buchanan• Myrtle Wilson• George Wilson• Jordan Baker
Themes
• The decline of the American Dream• The emptiness of the upper class
Symbols
• The green light• Valley of ashes• The eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleberg
The Glass Castle
• Jeannette Walls
Key Facts
• Published: 2005• Genre: Memoir
– Autobiographical: true; written about oneself – Brief snapshot of a particular time period in a person’s life– Still has “literary” qualities (strong imagery, symbolism, plot,
characters, conflicts, etc.)
• Setting: – Time: 1957-2005– Places: Nevada, Arizona, California, West Virginia, and New York– Circumstances: a young girl tells her story of growing up in a
dysfunctional family
Key Facts
• Many of the characters are real people that are still alive today.
• Jeanette Walls: Protagonist• Her Parents: Rex and Rose Mary Walls:
Antagonists• Siblings: Lori, Brian, and Maureen Walls
Themes
• Hardship• Family Dynamics• Loyalty• Fearlessness• Shame• Lost Dreams
A Raisin in the Sun
• Lorraine Hansberry• Setting: 19402-50s; Southside of Chicago• The Youngers, a working-class black family,
struggle against economic hardship and racial prejudice.
Themes
• The value and purpose of dreams• The need to fight racial discrimination• The importance of family
Characters
• Mama• Walter Lee Younger• Ruth• Beneatha• Travis• Jospeh Asagai • George Murchison
• Karl Lindner• Willy Harris • Bobo• Mrs. Johnson
Symbols
• Mama’s Plant• Beneatha’s hair
Speak
• Author: Laurie Halse Anderson• Point of View: first person (Melinda tells the
story; diary-like; reveals her inner thoughts)• Structure: 4 marking periods of Melinda’s
freshman year; change of seasons• Setting: Modern (Late 90s)– Syracuse, NY at Merryweather High School
Characters
• Melinda• Her parents• Rachel• Andy Evans/”It”/Andy Beast• Mr. Freeman• Heather• Mr. Neck• Ivy
Themes
• Communication• Personal Growth• Overcoming Painful Experiences• Artistic or Personal Expression • Violence against women/Agression• Fear• Depression
Conflicts
• Man vs. Man: Melinda vs. Andy Evans• Man vs. Self: Melinda vs. Self
Symbolism
• Seasons: Personal changes– Fall: Dying/turning inward/Losing oneself– Winter: Death/frozen/isolation/desolation– Spring: healing/rebirth
• Tree: Growth; life; overcoming pain– Art– Tree in her yard=pruning=healing