Review Of Chap. 26Review Of Chap. 26World War IWorld War I

10th grade World History

Causes of WWI: MANIA

MilitarismAlliance (system)NationalismImperialismAssassination

Militarism – the over-glorification of the military

The First Wave of Troops

And their replacements

Alliance – formal agreement between nations to come to one

another’s defense in times of war

Nationalism – strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country

Imperialism - policy by which one country takes control of another directly or through economic or political dominance

Assassination -To murder (a prominent person) by surprise attack, as for political reasons

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie (pregnant at time) at Sarajevo on 28th June, 1914.

Their funereal procession

Propaganda – spreading of ideas or beliefs that help a cause and/or hurt an opposing cause

British poster depicting Germans as baby killers

Users of poison gases

And rapists.

Bombers of innocent civilians

Propaganda can come in many forms

Sometimes it is meant to inspire the home front,…..

And other times to dishearten an enemy’s soldiers

Propaganda is sometimes patriotic ……

What/who is the subject of this poster? What details are visible?

Propaganda is sometimes humorous

British officer as seen by military

tailor.

As he actually appears at the

front

After 3 weeks in the trenches

Week #1 Week #2 Week #3

Propaganda is sometimes a lie

German soldiers are shown executing Belgian civilians

This never happened, but British propaganda turned the world against Germany

Propaganda is sometime a half-truth; in this case an actual event is its inspiration, but certain facts are omitted to vilify an opponent.

In this case the passenger liner Lusitania was torpedoed by a German U-Boat

1200 civilians died, including 128 Americans

Propaganda-Lusitania cont.But what that little piece of British propaganda didn’t admit was that the Lusitania was carrying war supplies to England, thereby making it a legitimate military target.

&

A cowardly attempt to use civilians to shield those supplies.

And the Germans weren’t fooled, they even warned us of their intentions.

A New Kind of Conflict

The Battle of the Somme from the perspective of a British (Allied)

soldier

Daybreak: Sunrise (July 1, 1916)

The trenches are flooded again, but a few of the guys made a pump so we can get some of the water out.

Hey, kid. Yeah you! You’re one of the new replacements right? Yes Corporal. I’m Corporal Davies. Well, if your in my unit, make sure to keep your feet dry.

Getting the water out is a big deal. At first me and a couple of new guys didn’t listen much to the veterans, but after what happened to Johnny, we wised up.

But, honestly, Johnny may have been the lucky one. He got to go home.

Trench

Foot

I’m starting to get worried kid. The commissary just passed out rations and they gave us twice the regular amount. That’s a bad sign, means a push is on.

6:00 AM

By the way kid. Don’t be stick’in your head out for a look at those German trenches. One of their snipers will help send you home to your momma in a box.

Remember kid that the most dangerous time for snipers is sunset for us, and sunrise for them. Why’s that. Because the sun rises in the East and silhouettes them, then does the same to us when it sets. Snipers are always watching for an easy kill.

Oh, yeah, it works the same way with moonlight too. And kid if ya smoke, remember that enemy sniper can see your cigarette butt from a long way off. Okay Corporal.

7:00 AM

Kid, remember what I said about a push? It means were are gonna climb out of the trenches and charge the Germans. Were do’in it now!! Their assembling the regiment.

Battle of the Somme

Regiments all formed and ready to go. Heard ol’ General Haig is sending 14 Divisions over the top on this one.

Just stick with me kid and you should be fine. Let me tell ya what’s gonna happen. When we get the signal were are going to advance on the German trenches.

We call the area separating our trenches “no man’s land” because no one is there but the dead…..and the dying.

7:29 AM

Don’t know what the signal is yet kid, but they said we would have no doubt once it happens.

No Man’s LandIt may seem easy so far kid, but don’t get overconfident. See those explosions in front of us, that’s our artillery hitting their trenches. The Germans are underground waiting out the bombardment. When we get close to their trenches our artillery has to stop, or they would hit us. That’s when it’s a race to see who can get who first. If the Germans get in position they’ll murder us.

Kid, the German trenches are paradise compared to ours. They built bomb shelters into ‘um.

And ring’dum with barbed wire. We gotta cut that wire before we can get to ‘um. Many a charge has ended with machine gunned bodies hanging from the wire.

German Trenches

Front (facing Allied soldiers)

Rear(view from behind)

Here we go kid. Darn, that artillery stopped to soon. Into the wire boys. Cut it, we gotta get through it.

November 15, 1916

I’ve been in this place 4 ½ months, but it seems an eternity. Now I’m the corporal, of the unit I arrived at back in July. The battle for the Somme never seems to end. I dare not make friends of the men I command, they all get killed so quickly. Who needs the pain of mourning for more lost comrades.

November 17, 1916

I’m sergeant now that ol’ Davies finally bought it. And of all the ways to die, trench fever. Nobody knows what causes it, but rumor has it the Germans get it too. The doctors think it may have to do with all the lice. But I’m not so sure, everybody’s got lice here but not everybody has gotten sick.

GAS-GAS-GAS…….

Everyone…masks on!!

It isn't pretty what the gas’ll do to ya. Those artillery boys, ours and theirs, throw gas filled shells back and forth at each other. Most of ‘um containing either chlorine or mustard gas. Breathe it in and it burns, breathe it in deep and it’ll kill ya. Heard tell that if you get a good dose you start coughing up your lungs… and it don’t stop till your dead.

Being in charge isn’t all its cracked up to be. A lot of guys, good guys I mean, can’t hack it for the long-term. Heck I don’t even know if I can. There is only so much you can take til’ ya snap. And if you run away from the fight’in, its called desertion.

And the penalty is always death, even if your innocent. In fact some officers look for guy’s to kill to “instill” discipline before a push.

I’m not deserting, though, I can understand why guys do. Its not cowardice; sometimes it a problem with their minds, called “shellshock”. They simply can’t take the kill’in no more.

Me, I still got some hope of winn’in here this war. I just saw a weapon we are use’in in our attack tomorrow. It’ll scare those Huns (Germans) right out of their trenches.

They call it a Tank.

And boy does it make short work of that barbed wire.

The tanks worked alright, until they broke down, or got stuck, or got hit with artillery fire, or got overrun by enemy troops. The Germans ran away at first, but then came back and captured most of our tanks.

November 19th 1916

General Haig has finally called off the offensive. In almost five months of fighting we (the British Army) had around 420,000 casualties, the French lost about 200,000 and the Germans about 500,000. We lost 58,000 on that first day alone.

How much longer can this go on?

The “Great War” or the “War to end All Wars” came to an end at 11 O’clock on November 11th 1918

The 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month

What lay ahead was the Versailles Peace Conference which all sides hoped would establish a lasting peace.

But this “peace” came at a price higher than any had ever imaged possible.

The Human Cost of WWI

Human Lives: Casualties /Killed

Soldiers - 37,000,000/15,000,000

Civilians - 5,000,000/1,750,000

Orphans - 10,000,000/

Plague of 1918/1919 - 20,000,000 worldwide

(pandemic)

Before and After:Verdun: Cloister of the Hotel de

la Princerie

Before and After:Verdun: Cloister of the Hotel de

la Princerie

Before and After:Village of Esnes

Before and After: Village of Esnes

Before and After:Palace of Justice, Senlis

Before and After:Palace of Justice, Senlis

The Treaty of Versailles: (cause of WWII)

1.) Forced Germany to except full blame for the war.

2.) Germany lost its Navy

3.) Army restricted to 100,000 men

4.) Germany, already bankrupt had to pay England and France 30 Billion dollars worth of war reparations (payments for war damages). Payment of these reparations would begin in 1920 and continue through 1961. 30 Billion equals about ?????? Today.

All of this death & destruction and what did it get us…A 20 year intermission from war. And the resumption of conflict in 1939 set the stage for a war even more terrible than the world had yet known.