REVIEWNutrition & Digestion

1. Explain what a food label tells you.

The nutritional facts found in processed foods.

2. How is energy measured in food?•calories

3. Identify the 6 types of nutrients. •Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water

4. Identify the following information for the food to the left.

a. Serving sizeb. Total carbohydratesc. Caloriesd. Protein

5. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers?

2 crackers/14g

10g

60

2g

120 calories

6. Identify the nutrient being described:

a. Builds and repairs• proteinsb. The body needs 14 of these• mineralsc. Main source of energy• Carbohydrates

6. Identify the nutrient being described:

d. Made of amino acids• proteinse. Stores energy• Lipids/fatf. Makes up most of the body• water

7. The main function of the human digestive system is to (1) break down foods for absorption into the blood (2) exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs (3) release energy from sugars within the cells (4) carry nutrients to all parts of the body

8. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood stream through the process of (1) absorption (3) respiration (2) elimination (4) secretion

9. Which substance provides humans with their main source of energy? (1) food (2) carbon dioxide (3) water (4) chlorophyll 

10.

11. Identify each structure labeled in the diagram.

oral cavity/mouth

stomachpancreas

small intestinerectum

gall bladder

large intestine

12. Where does protein digestion begin?

13. What is the function of F?

14. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood?

In the stomach

Absorb water

In the small intestine/villi

15. What does C produce? Where does it go?

16. What is the function of G?

17 Chemical digestion is completed in this structure.

18. What type of digestion occurs in A?

Pancreatic juiceSmall intestine/duodenum

store bile

small intestine/duodenum

mechanical and chemical

19. What is the name of this process? What is its function?

20. Where in the digestive tract does this process occur?

•peristalsis•To push food through the digestive tract

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

21. What is structure F? What is the function of this substance?

22. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs here?

23. What is the function of structure A?

•liver •to produce bile

•stomach

Pushes food down into the stomach using peristalsis

•Chemical digestion of proteins by pepsin•Mechanical digestion (wall of stomach churns food)

24. Through which of these structures does food pass?

25. Which organs are not part of the digestive tract? How do they aid in digestion?

Esophagus (A)

Stomach (B)Small intestine (D)

•Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI•Gall bladder (E) – stores bile

•Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI

26. Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion.

•Where most chemical digestion occurs

•Where chemical digestion is completed

•Lined with VILLI which absorb nutrients into the blood

27. Identify the labeled organs.

A - mouth

B - Esophagus

C – Stomach

D – Pancreas

E - Large intestine

F - Appendix

G - Small intestine

H – Gall bladder

I - Liver

28. Through what organs does food pass? (in order)

mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

Anus

29. Where excess water reabsorbed?

30. What occurs in structure G?

31. What does I produce? Where does it go?

32. This is where chemical digestion begins.

33. This is where chemical digestion ends.

Large intestine

Villi absorb nutrients into blood

Bile – into small intestine

mouth

Small intestine/duodenum

34. Identify organs where there is no digestion occurring.

Esophagus

Liver

Salivary glands

Pancreas

Gall bladder

35. Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.•Mechanical is a physical breakdown, while chemical digestion breaks down complex molecules into more simple molecules using enzymes.

36. Where does mechanical digestion begin? How?•Mouth – teeth grind up food37. Where does chemical digestion begin? How?•Mouth – ptyalin/salivary amylase in saliva starts to chemically break down starches into sugar38. Where does chemical digestion end?•Duodenum (small intestine)

39. Where does most chemical digestion occur?•Duodenum (small intestine)

40. Where and how are nutrients absorbed once food has been completely broken down. •They are absorbed in the villi of the small intestine by diffusion.

41. Identify the digestive organ described.

a. Where the digestion of protein begins.• stomach

b. Where mechanical digestion begins.• mouth

c. Site of water absorption.• Large intestine

d. All chemical digestion is completed here.• Duodenum (SI)

41. Identify the digestive organ described.

e. Where the breakdown of starch begins.• mouth

f. Where bile is stored.• Gall bladder

g. Releases many enzymes into the SI.• pancreas

41. Identify the digestive organ described.

h. Pushes food into the stomach.• esophagus

i. Where the absorption of nutrients occurs.• Small intestine/villi

j. Lining is protected by a mucus layer.• stomach

42. What enzyme is found in saliva? What does it break down?

• Salivary amylase/ptylin• Carbohydrates (starches sugar)

43. What enzyme is produced in the stomach? What does it break down?

• Pepsin• protein

44. There are many enzymes found in intestinal juice made in the small intestine. What do they break down?

• Carbohydrates and proteins

45. There are many enzymes found in pancreatic juice. What do they break down?

• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

46. Is bile an enzyme? Why or why not?• Bile is not an enzyme because it

emulsifies fat. IT breaks down large droplets of fat into smaller droplets which is mechanical digestion, not chemical digestion.

Salivary gland

esophagus

stomach

duodenum

pancreas

Small intestine

anus

mouth

epiglottis

liver

Gall bladder

Large intestine

appendix

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