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EVOLUTIONReview
THIS TERM REFERS TO STRUCTURES THAT HAVE NO CURRENT FUNCTION, STRUCTURES THAT ARE NO LONGER USED (APPENDIX, WISDOM TEETH)
Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous Structures Modified Structures
THIS TERM REFERS TO “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST” 0RGANISMS THAT ARE BEST SUITED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT SURVIVE AND PASS ON GENES
Artificial selection Adaptation Natural Selection Survival of the fittest
THIS TERM REFERS TO STRUCTURES THAT COME FROM THE SAME EMBRYONIC TISSUE, HAVE THE SAME BONES BUT DO DIFFERENTJOBS
Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous Structures Modified Structures
THIS TERM REFERS TO AN INHERITED CHARACTERISTIC THAT INCREASES AN ORGANSMS CHANCES OF SURVIVAL
Natural Selection Fitness Artificial Selection Adaptation
TRUE OR FALSE
Genetic Drift increases the diversity of a population
WHAT IS ANOTHER WORD FOR VARIATION Similarities Metaphors Analogies Differences
WHICH TYPE OF STRUCTURES DEMONSTRATE CONVERGENT EVOLUTION, THEY HAVE NO COMMON ANCESTOR, DIFFERENT STRUCTURES BUT PERFORM THE SAME JOB
Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous Structures Modified Structures
WHICH TYPE OF STRUCTURE? VESTIGIAL,HOMOLOGOUS,ANALOGOUS?
WHICH TERM REFERS TO AN ORGANSIMS ABILITY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE?
Adaptation Natural Selection Fitness Divergent Evolution
DARWIN NOTICED MANY SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT ISLANDS, WHAT STATEMENT BEST SUPPORTS HIS OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION?
A)The species evolved from different ancestors, and developed differently
B)These species naturally occurred and no relationship existed among them
C)These species had a common ancestor and evolved differently to suit their habitats
D)These species look similar because they interbreed
WHICH TYPE OF STRUCTURE? VESTIGIAL,HOMOLOGOUS,ANALOGOUS?
CONVERGENT VS DIVERGENT
TYPES OF SELECTION
WHICH TYPE OF EVOLUTION? (NO COMMON ANCESTRY)
WHICH TYPE OF EVOLUTION IS DEMONSTRATED BELOW?
A) Convergent Evolution
B) Macroevolution
C) Divergent Evolution
D) Temporal Evolution
WHICH TYPE OF NATURAL SELECTION OCCURS WHEN BOTH EXTREMES ARE FAVORED?
Stabilizing Artificial Directional Disruptive
WHICH TYPE OF SELECTION FAVORS ONE EXTREME OR THE OTHER? Stabilizing Artificial Directional Disruptive
The illustration in the box shows the bones in the hind foot of a modern horse. The other illustrations show the bones in the hind feet of three extinct species. Each of these extinct species is an ancestor of the modern horse. (The illustrations have been scaled so that all of the species seem to be the same size.)
Which lists the extinct species in order from most closely related to the modern horse to most distantly related to the modern horse? A 1, 3, 2
B 2, 1, 3C 2, 3, 1D 3, 2, 1
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According to the graph, what is the approximate half-life of carbon-14?A 5.7 years C 23,000 yearsB 5,700 years D 1,000,000 years
49
100%
½ of 100%
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The diagram illustrates how some characteristics of the horse have changed over time. Along with the difference in size, what is another anatomical difference between the modern horse and its ancestors?
F The structure of the tooth has been adapted for eating meat.
G The size of the molars has decreased.
H The length of the forefoot has decreased.
J The number of toes has decreased.
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Which of the following leaf types is most likely to help a plant survive in an arid habitat?
The drier and hotter the air, the smaller the leaves.
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In comparisons of the evolutionary relationships between four species of birds, which of the following would be most useful?
A. color of feathers. B. gene sequences. C. nesting behaviors. D. patterns of migration.
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Because of this animal’s adaptations, it would be most successful at —F competing with birdsG making its own foodH hiding from predatorsJ running very rapidly
2
It seems camouflaged.
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The diagram above shows the biochemical pathway that produces arginine, an amino acid required by an organism called Neurospora. The table shows the response of a mutant strain of Neurospora to supplements in its food supply. This mutant strain must lack the enzyme that acts on —
F the precursorG ornithineH citrullineJ arginine
If ornithine does not produce growth, then maybe the Mutant Neurospora has a ‘changed Enzyme Y’ and can’t process the ornithine.
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Which statement about the evolutionary history of jawed fishes is supported by the diagram?
A Jawless fishes became extinct after jawed fishes evolved.
B The first amphibians were direct descendants of lungfish.
C Ray-finned and lobe-finned fishes have a common ancestor.
D Sturgeon are more closely related to sharks than to coelacanths.
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The table shows an amino acid comparison of cytochrome c, a protein involved in cellular respiration in aerobic organisms. The two organisms in the table that are least genetically related are the —A silkworm moth and the fruit flyB silkworm moth and the screwworm flyC fruit fly and the screwworm flyD fruit fly and the hornworm moth
Most different
21
These rows are the same.
Difference
of 4
Difference
of 7
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The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c. The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are —A Q and TB R and SC Q and RD Q and S
53
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Q & R = Differences in 3%
Q and S = Differences in 6%
Rows 1,2,3 are the same. Eliminate Organism TCount differences between Q and R Q and S R and S
R and S = Differences of 9%
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The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c. The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are —A Q and TB R and SC Q and RD Q and S
53
HomeBack to evolution
The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c. The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are —A Q and TB R and SC Q and RD Q and S
53
HomeBack to evolution
A plant has a change in its DNA that makes it more resistant to a species of harmful bacteria. What
will most likely happen as a result of this mutation?
A The plant will not survive long enough to reproduce.
B The species of harmful bacteria will become extinct.
C Over time the number of resistant plants will increase.
D Over time the number of harmful bacteria will increase.
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A plant has a change in its DNA that makes it more resistant to a species of harmful bacteria. What
will most likely happen as a result of this mutation?
A The plant will not survive long enough to reproduce.
B The species of harmful bacteria will become extinct.
C Over time the number of resistant plants will increase.
D Over time the number of harmful bacteria will increase.
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