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Review for County Test on the Scientific Method, Water, Macromolecules &
Enzymes.
Place the following in order from smallest (least complex) to largest (most complex).
Atoms, Cells, Macromolecule, Monomers, Organs, Organ systems, Organelles, Organism, Tissues
Atom, Monomers, Macromolecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism.
Vitamins
Organic or Inorganic?
Function?
D, C, K function?The major biologic function of vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and
phosphorus. Calcium is a mineral in your body that makes up your bones and keeps them strong. Phosphorus is a mineral that helps
maintain good teeth and bones and keep muscles and nerves working properly. Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and
maintain strong bones. Without vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle and soft. Vitamin D
prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Rickets causes skeletal deformities.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) assists the body in the production of collagen, a basic component of connective tissues. Collagen is an important structural element in blood vessel walls, gums, and bones, making it particularly important to those recovering from wounds and surgery.
Vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant, scavenging potentially harmful molecules called free radicals. Although not firmly established by clinical trials, this antioxidant capacity may help boost immune function, protect against cancer, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration of the retina, and other chronic diseases. Vitamin C intake may be particularly helpful to smokers, as they are more likely to suffer from oxidative stress and cell damage that can deplete vitamin C. Vitamin C also enhances iron absorption.
Vitamin K is necessary for normal blood clotting and synthesis of proteins found in plasma, bone, and kidneys.
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400400
Scientific Method Water Macro.
Mol.
Enzymes
300 300 300
200
400
200
100
500 500 500 500500
100
Row 1, Col 1
List the steps in the scientific method.
Problem, research, hypothesis, design experiment, do the experiment & collect data, draw conclusion.,
1,2
Put the following in order from Smallest to largest: atom, cell, Molecule, organ, organ system,
Organelle.
Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, organ, organ system, organism.
1,3
List the elements for each of theFour types of
Macromolecules.
CHO = carbs & lipids; CHON – proteins CHONP – nucleic acids.
2,1
A man wants to test whether Dogs prefer dog food round
or square shapes. Name both the Independent & dependent variable.
Independent – type of dog food. Dependent – amount of each type eaten.
2,2
Describe the atomsIn a water molecule &
State which are positivelyCharged & which negatively
charged.
Two hydrogen covalently bonded to 1 oxygen. Hydrogen has a positive charge, Oxygen a negative
charge.
2,3
List the monomer/s for all4 types of macromolecules.
Monosaccharide – carbs.; fatty acids & glycerol = lipids; amino acids – proteins; nucleotides – nucleic acids.
2,4
What is the purpose of enzymes.
Lower the energy of activation for chemical reactions. Or to be a catalyst?
3,1
Independent – enzyme concentration. Dependent variable – rate of reaction.
Name the independent & dependent variables on this graph
3,2
What is polarity. Name one property of water that can be
Explained because of itsPolarity.
Water has a positive end (H) & a negative end (O). Properties include – adhesion, cohesion, solubility, high
specific heat & surface water tension. Also the lower density of water when it freezes.
3,3
List the function of each of the4 types of macromolecules.
Carbs – energy; Lipids- cell membranes, insulation, wax, hormones. Proteins- structure & enzymes Nucleic
acids – carry hereditary information b/c they are the instructions for making proteins.
4,1
Observations: Man, shirt, blue sky Inferences: The man is thinking, upset, daydreaming. It is summer. The man
is an executive.
List 2 observations & 2 inferences.
4,2
Explain why a pond freezesFrom the top down & not
The other way around.
Water becomes less dense when it freezes due to the hydrogen bonds so it floats to the top instead of sinking
to the bottom. (The water in contact with the air is colder.)
4,3
Describe the structural differencesBetween the carbs, lipids &
Proteins.
Carbs – rings of CHO; Lipids – chains & branches of CHO Proteins contain CHON
5,1
Design an experiment to test whether pH effects the rate of
Enzyme activity.
Treat the enzyme with different pH (acid, base, nuclear) & after a few minutes, add the enzyme and time for 1
Minute & measure the products.
5,2
1. What makes water able to Dissolve all other polar substancesSo well. (Describe how dissolving
Occurs.)2. Which part of water would be
Attracted to negative chlorineAtoms?
The positive hydrogen atoms surround the negative atoms of another substance and the negative oxygen surround the positive
atoms of the other substances. This cuts these atoms off from others = dissolving. Hydrogen would be attracted to the negative chlorine.
5,3
Explain how a positive & negativeTest is done for simple
Sugars.
Negative test = Benedicts + water in hot water bath. Record color.
Positive test= Benedicts + glucose in hot water bath. Record the color.
Test food & compare the colors to the positive & negative test.