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ReviewExam #4
Expenses, Vehicle Information, and Fluids
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
2Chapter 3
Expenses include…
• Loan Payments• Insurance• Fuel Expenses• Annual License and
Registration• Routine
Maintenance• Unexpected Repairs
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
3Chapter 3
Insurance
• Deductible– The amount you pay
before the insurance applies.
– You can decrease your insurance costs if you increase your deductible.
– Only applies to collision and comprehensive (not Liability)
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
4Chapter 3
Insurance
• Liability Insurance– The minimum policy commonly required.– Covers claims to others that you cause.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
5Chapter 3
Insurance
• Collision and Comprehensive– Covers the cost to
repair your vehicle if you were at fault.
– Collision – auto accidents.
– Comprehensive – natural disasters, vandalism, theft, fire, animal collisions.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
6Chapter 3
Fuel Expenses
• Fuel economy varies greatly depending on the vehicle and it impacts your monthly costs.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
7Chapter 3
License and Registration
• Sales tax• Title fees• License plate tags• Pay at DMV (Dept of
Motor Vehicle)
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
8Chapter 8
Common Fluid Locations
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
9Chapter 8
Windshield Washer Fluid
• Commonly blue.• Do not use engine
antifreeze.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
10Chapter 8
Engine Oil
• Common multigrades are 0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30, and 10W-30.
• Synthetic and semi-synthetic blends are also available. Synthetic and conventional are compatible
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
11Chapter 8
Engine Oil• To get an accurate reading, check when the engine is
cold.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
12Chapter 8
Engine Oil
• Check the oil cap and owner’s manual for engine oil information.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
13Chapter 8
Transmission Fluid
• Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is pinkish-red. • Always use the ATF that is recommended by the
manufacturer.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
14Chapter 8
Transmission Fluid
• Follow checking procedure in owner’s manual.
• Some transmissions don’t have dipsticks.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
15Chapter 8
Transmission Fluid• Manual transmissions
commonly take ATF, heavyweight/high-viscosity gear oil, synchromesh, or motor oil.
• Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs) may have a dipstick or check plugs.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
16Chapter 8
Coolant
• Coolant - two main types– Standard (green).– Extended life (various
colors).– Mix 50% water/50%
antifreeze.– Use distilled water.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
17Chapter 8
Coolant
• Check the level at the coolant recovery tank first.
• Let engine cool.• Never open a hot
radiator cap.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
18Chapter 8
Brake Fluids
• Most common DOT 3 (but DOT 4, DOT 5, and DOT 5.1 are available).
• Check cap or owner’s manual for the correct type.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
19Chapter 8
Clutch Fluid (manual transmissions only)
• Commonly DOT 3 brake fluid, but always check the owner’s manual.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
20Chapter 8
Differential Fluid
• This fluid check is on RWD and 4WD vehicles.
• 4WD trucks will have front and rear differential check plugs.
• Gear oil. Thicker than motor oil.
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
21Chapter 8
Power Steering Fluid
• Use the type that is recommended in your owner’s manual. Usually clear in color.
• Electric Power Steering systems do not have fluid.
Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing
www.AutoUpkeep.com22
Purpose of Engine Oil
• Lubricates• Cools• Cleans• Seals• Cushions
Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing
www.AutoUpkeep.com23
Understanding Oil Ratings
• Society of Automotive Engineers – SAE rates oil viscosity (e.g., 5W-20).
• Viscosity – thickness• 5W is at 0 F• 20 is at 212 F
Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing
www.AutoUpkeep.com24
Understanding Oil Ratings
• American Petroleum Institute – API rates engine oil service (e.g., SN).
• Energy Conserving – increased additives to lower friction.
Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing
www.AutoUpkeep.com25
Synthetic OilsSynthetic oil is totally compatible with conventional oil
Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing
www.AutoUpkeep.com26
Oil Filters
• Oil circulates through the engine and is cleaned by an oil filter. Bypass function if clogged.
Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing
www.AutoUpkeep.com27
Changing the Oil and Filter
Chapter 10© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing
www.AutoUpkeep.com28
Changing the Oil and Filter
1. Visual on Grounda. Color, smell, texture (feel), taste
2. Visual on Cara. Gravityb. Check fluid levels for what may be low
3. Dye4. Baby Powder – spray better5. Types of Leaks
a. Staticb. Under pressure / runningc. Classes
1. Class 1: Film/coating2. Class 2: Drop3. Class 3: Drips
Finding Leaks
1. Moisture above the fill level on the oil dip stick. 2. Milky - sludgy stuff under the oil fill cap.
Causes: Piston blow-by combustion gases contain water vapor. Once vapor cools, it condenses in crankcase as liquid water. That water will remain (with some being sucked into valve cover area by the PCV system) unless the engine is run at operating temperature for an extended period of time to “burn off” the water.Short Duration driving is “SEVERE”
Water in Oil
30% of West Texas Intermediate
Oil Recycling
Arsenic 5 ppm maximum
Cadmium 2 ppm maximum
Chromium 10 ppm maximum
Lead 100 ppm maximum
Flash Point(Closed
Cup)100°F
Total Halogens
4,000 ppm maximum
PCBs <2 ppm maximum
Table 2. Constituent/Property - Allowable Levels2
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
32Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification
• VIN– Vehicle Identification
Number• 17 Characters• Found on driver’s
doorjamb and on the top of the dashboard
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
33Chapter 1
Vehicle Emission Control Info (VECI)
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
34Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification
• Manufacturers– GM– Chrysler– Ford– Toyota– VW– Honda– Many others…
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
35Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
36Chapter 1
Vehicle Identification