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REVERSING COLD MILLSREVERSING COLD MILLSReferences
Cold mills
SMS group
FLAT ROLLING MILLS
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
2
SINGLE-STAND REVERSINGCOLD MILLSSINGLE-STAND REVERSINGCOLD MILLS
WIDE PRODUCT RANGE,
HIGH FLEXIBILITY
Single-stand reversing mills cover a broadproduct spectrum. The number of passesand the rolling speed may be freelyselected depending on the respectivematerial. Mill users can thus react veryflexibly upon the market demands withregard to material and strip thickness.
These features make the RCM plantspreferable for rolling silicon steels andother special grades.
SMS Siemag’s product range for thecold-rolling of carbon steels includesthree plant concepts:
- Single-stand X-Roll® reversing mills(RCM, Reversing Cold Mill)
- Two-stand X-Roll® reversing mills oftype CCM® (Compact Cold Mill)
- Four- or five-stand X-Roll® tandemmills (TCM) that nowadays are normal-ly coupled to a pickling line.
The production capacities of the threeplant types are tuned to each other sothat an economical plant concept is avail-able for any annual output between100,000 t and 2.5 million t.
RCM PLANTS WITH A HIGH
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Our single-stand X-Roll® reversing mills(RCM) attain annual production figures ofup to 500,000 t. Depending on cus-tomer’s product spectrum they will beimplemented in the form of four-high orsix-high plants. Compared with the othertypes, the investment expenditures arelow.
RCM plants can be operated economical-ly from an annual production of 100,000 t.In that case it is recommendable to usethe mills both for reducing and for skin-pass rolling. In combined operation, anannual output of 300,000 t can beobtained if the product mix suits.
RCM
Up to 500,000 t/yearCCM®
500,000 to 900,000 t/year
Cost-optimizedproduction capacity.
Moreover, single-stand X-Roll® reversingmills open up possibilities for optimizingthe cold-strip production of tandem mills.Shifting of slowly- or difficult-to-roll prod-ucts or of strip featuring particularly lowfinal thicknesses on to RCM plants willenable the user to maximize the through-put of other installations and, at thesame time, to reduce the productioncosts.
3
TCM
Above 900,000 t/year
TECHNOLOGICAL
CONTROL ELEMENTS
In order to meet the high quality require-ments of cold-rolled strip, single-stand X-Roll® reversing mills come with ourpractice-proven control elements, suchas CVC® plus, Edge Drop Control (EDC®),Dry-Strip System or multizone cooling.Our T-roll® process technology offersadditional optimizing possibilities. Itallows precise advance-calculations oftemperature, roll separating force, lubri-cation behaviour and surface roughnessand, hence, an exact description of theevents taking place in the roll gap.
MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL
AND AUTOMATION EQUIPMENT
As suppliers of complete systems weprovide our cold mills with mechanicaland hydraulic equipment as well as with X-Pact® electrical and automationsystems. The close interlinking ofmechanical equipment, automation androlling technology is a decisive prerequi-site for first-rate product quality and profitability.
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
4
Introduction 2
Wickeder Westfalenstahl, Germany 6
KYCR, Bangladesh 8
CSC, Taiwan 10
CSN, Brazil 12
Tubos Europa, Spain 14
Benxi, China 16
Wisco, China 18
NLMK, Russia 20
ISL, Pakistan 22
5
The plant avails of two separate emul-sion systems for roughing and finishingpasses with speed-controlled feedpumps, our practice-proven vacuum fil-ters, magnetic separators and skimmingdevices so as to arrive at top-class sur-faces.
STEEL FOILS FROM WICKEDERWESTFALENSTAHL,STEEL FOILS FROM WICKEDERWESTFALENSTAHL, Germany
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
6
CVC® 6-HS REVERSING
COLD MILL
Wickeder Westfalenstahl GmbH inWickede/Ruhr, Germany, is a cold-stripproducer specializing in high-quality prod-ucts. Among other goods, the companysupplies the automotive industry withhigh-strength cold strip. Special productsare 0.05 mm thick steel foils for makingshadow masks employed in televisionreceivers.
Wickeder Westfalenstahl meets thesespecial demands by means of our X-Roll®
High-Tech mill stand. For the very widematerial spectrum – from alloyed high-grade steels and microalloyed close-grained steels up to and including heavilydecarburized mild steels – the work-rolldiameter may vary between 140 and 240mm. In order to attain the extremely lowfinal thicknesses, the stand was designedin a way that frictional forces have beenreduced to a minimum. In addition, thedirect drive of the backup rolls and of thereversing coilers provides for a highlydynamic and non-slip operation.
Wickeder Westfalenstahl reaches flat-ness tolerances of just +/- 1 µm for theultrathin steel foils. This extreme accura-cy to size is obtained with the aid of ourpractice-proven CVC® technology on theintermediate rolls and by horizontal work-roll stabilization (HS system). The HS sys-tem permits objective positioning of theintermediate rolls for each pass so thatthe rolling process is stabilized and hori-zontal deflection of the work rolls is mini-mized. The HS adjustment enables small-diameter work rolls to be used.
Reversing cold mill.
Pallet conveyor system.
CVC® 6-HS housing window.
7
TYPE CVC® 6-HS
REVERSING COLD MILL
Commissioning: 1998
Production data
Rolled stock Low carbon, stainlessStrip width 400 to 1,000 mmStrip thickness
Entry 3.3 to 4.0 mmExit 0.05 to 0.5 mm
Coil weight max. 18,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® 6-HSRolling speed max. 1,000 m/minRoll separating force max. 10,000 kNMotor rating 2,400 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 140 mm to 240 mmIntermediate rolls 360 mm to 400 mmBackup rolls 800 mm to 860 mm
Capacity 100,000 t /year
Technical features
- CVC® technology with axial intermediate-roll shifting and roll bending
- Horizontal shifting of intermediate rolls to stabilize the work rolls (HS system)
- Dry-Strip System
- MORGOIL® bearings
- Backup-roll drive
Pallet conveyor system.
CVC® 6-HS-REVERSING
COLD MILL
The single-stand X-Roll® reversing mill ofKYCR Coil Industries in Chittagong,Bangladesh, went on stream in January2002. The plant is the sole cold mill inBangladesh and mainly supplies the par-ent KDS group’s galvanizing line withcold strip.
KYCR mainly rolls strip from low-alloysteels on the six-high stand and special-izes in the production of strip 0.15 mmthick and less. Although approximately60 % of the products are covered by thisthickness range, KYCR is attaining annualoutputs of more than 140,000 t and thusclearly exceeds the guaranteed annualcapacity of 100,000 t.
The six-high mill is equipped with thecontrol elements CVC® and HS (Horizon-tal Stabilization) and avails of work- andintermediate-roll bending with the resultthat very good surface and flatness val-ues as well as closest thickness toler-ances are attained.
The short project handling time is like-wise noteworthy. Merely 18 monthspassed between contract signing androlling of the first coil. Design, erectionand project management were carriedout jointly by our Indian affiliate SMSSiemag Pvt. Ltd. in New Delhi and us.
KYCR COIL INDUSTRIES, BangladeshKYCR COIL INDUSTRIES,
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
8
Entry equipment.
Reversing cold mill.
9
TYPE CVC® 6-HS
REVERSING COLD MILL
Commissioning: January 2002
Production data
Rolled stock Low CarbonStrip width 600 to 1,050 mmStrip thickness
Entry 1.6 to 3.0 mmExit 0.12 to 0.5 mm
Coil weight max. 22,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® 6-HSRolling speed max. 1,000 m/minRoll separating force max. 10,000 kNMotor rating 1,200 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 200 mm to 240 mmIntermediate rolls 360 mm to 400 mmBackup rolls 800 mm to 860 mm
Capacity 100,000 t /year
Technical features
- CVC® technology with axial intermediate-roll shifting and roll bending
- Horizontal intermediate-roll shifting tostabilize the work rolls (HS system)
- Dry-Strip System
- Intermediate-roll drive
Rolling operation.
KYCR
PLANT FOR SI-STRIP AT CSC, TaiwanPLANT FOR SI-STRIP AT CSC,
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
10
CVC® 6-HS-REVERSING
COLD MILL
The probably then most modern single-stand X-Roll® reversing cold mill went onstream at China Steel Corporation (CSC)in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in 2003. CSCexpanded, with this plant, its existingcapacity of cold-rolled steel to alsoinclude silicon steels as well as medium-and high-strength carbon steels featuringlow final thicknesses. The six-high RCMhas been designed for strip widths of600 to 1,270 mm and final thicknessesof 0.15 to 1.6 mm. Total productionamounts to 200,000 t/year.
In addition to the mechanical equipment,our scope of supply embraced all thetechnological process models to precise-ly preset the control elements and, thus,the complete technology concept forcold-rolling special steel grades. The millstand has been equipped with hydraulicadjusting systems, intermediate-roll shift-ing with CVC® plus systems, work- andintermediate-roll bending as well as mul-tizone cooling in order to meet the highrequirements particularly with regard tostrip thickness and flatness.
The EDC® control (Edge Drop Control)avoids any drop of the strip thickness inthe edge area caused by variation of rollflattening. To this aim, the barrel of eachwork roll is tapered at one side through a specific grind. This taper is shifted bythe control into the edge zone of thestrip in a way that the edge drop is com-pensated.
Housing window of CVC®
6-HS-EDC mill stand.
Erection and cold commissioning of theplant at site altogether took just sixmonths. This short period was possiblethrough the modular construction of therolling mill.
Reversing cold mill.
11
TYPE CVC® 6-HS
REVERSING COLD MILL
Commissioning: January 2003
Production data
Rolled stock Si-steelsCarbon steels
Strip width 600 to 1,270 mmStrip thickness
Entry 1.0 to 3.5 mmExit 0.15 to 1.6 mm
Coil weight max. 25,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® plus 6-HSRolling speed max. 1,200 m/minRoll separating force max. 16,000 kNMotor rating 4,200 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 290 mm to 340 mmIntermediate rolls 440 mm to 500 mmBackup rolls 1100 mm to 1220 mm
Capacity 200,000 t/year
Technical features
- CVC® plus technology with axial interme -diate-roll shifting and roll bending
- Horizontal shifting of intermediate rolls to stabilize the work rolls (HS system)
- Edge Drop Control (EDC®)
- Dry-Strip System
- Multizone cooling
- Intermediate-roll drive
Inspection line.
CSN – A NEW COLD-STRIP COMPLEX,BrazilCSN – A NEW COLD-STRIP COMPLEX,
The complete plant in Southern Brazilwas built on a turnkey basis by an inter-national consortium under SMS Siemag’sleadership. Besides the reversing coldmill we supplied, jointly with our Canadi-an affiliate, additional facilities such as askin-pass stand, the hot-dip galvanizingline, the push-pull pickling plant and sev-eral ancillaries. Moreover, we wereresponsible for plant commissioning andstaff training.
Cold mills
12
CVC® 4 REVERSING
COLD MILL
The new cold-strip complex of CSN(Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional) startedoperation in Araucária, Federal State ofParaná/Brazil, in 2003. Here, hot stripfrom the main works of the group inVolta Redondo is pickled, cold-rolled andsubsequently refined. The products arechiefly sold to the Brazilian constructionindustry.
The single-stand X-Roll® reversing coldmill (RCM) featuring an annual capacityof 350,000 t constitutes the works’ cold-rolling stage. The four-high stand isequipped with the CVC® plus technologyand the Dry-Strip System. The stripwidths cover a range between 700 and1,600 mm, and the final thicknesses are0.2 to 1.55 mm.
Reversing cold mill.
SMS SIEMAG
Works entry.Shipment of finished coils.
13
TYPE CVC® 4 REVERSING
COLD MILL
Commissioning: 2003
Production data
Rolled stock Low Carbon, IF-steels,microalloyed steels
Strip width 700 to 1,600 mmStrip thickness
Entry 1.5 to 5.0 mmExit 0.2 to 1.55 mm
Coil weight max. 25,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® plus 4Rolling speed max. 1,350 m/minRoll separating force max. 22,000 kNMotor rating 6,000 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 400 mm to 450 mmBackup rolls 1,150 mm to 1,250 mm
Capacity 350,000 t/year
Technical features
- CVC® plus technology with axial work-rollshifting and roll bending
- Work-roll drive
Reversing cold mill.
THE “JACK-OF-ALL-TRADES” OF TUBOS EUROPA, SpainTHE “JACK-OF-ALL-TRADES”OF TUBOS EUROPA,
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
14
CVC® 4 REVERSING
COLD MILL
Tubos de Europa S.A. in Jerez de losCaballeros, in the southwest of Spain, hasset up its own cold-strip production byprocuring a single-stand reversing coldmill. The four-high mill supplies the com-pany’s galvanizing line and its pipe manu-facturing plant with cold strip.
700 to 1,560 mm wide strip with a finalthickness of down to 0.4 mm is produced.Tubos Europa uses the cold mill both forreducing and for skin-pass rolling. Its annu-al capacity approximates 400,000 t.
As supplier of complete systems, SMSSiemag also planned and manufacturedthe X-Pact® electrical and automation sys-tems in addition to the mechanical equip-ment for this very flexible and highly effi-cient plant. All pass schedules were calcu-lated with the help of our T-roll® technolo-gy package that comprises process know-how of more than 20 years. The millstand has hydraulic adjusting elements forthe backup rolls to precisely control thethickness. An outstanding strip flatnesswithin close tolerance limits is attained bymeans of CVC® plus and work-roll bend-ing. Moreover, CVC® plus enables themost varying sizes to be produced with-out having to carry out any time-consum-ing roll change. Multizone cooling likewiseattributes to an extraordinary strip flat-ness.
Combined reversing andskin-pass rolling mill.
Coil preparation.
Housing window.
15
TYPE CVC® 4 COMBINED REVERSING
AND SKIN-PASSING COLD MILL
Commissioning: January 2005
Production data
Rolled stock Low carbonStrip width 700 to 1,560 mmStrip thickness
Reversing Mode Entry 1.2 to 6.0 mmExit 0.4 to 3.0 mmTemper Mode Entry 0.4 to 3.0 mmExit 0.4 to 3.0 mm
Coil weight max. 30,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® plus 4Rolling speed max. 1,200 m/minRoll separating force max. 20,000 kNMotor rating 5,500 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 400 mm to 450 mmBackup rolls 1,150 mm to 1,250 mm
Capacity 400,000 t/year
Technical features
- CVC® plus technology with axial work-roll shifting and roll bending
- Dry-Strip System
- Multizone cooling
- T-roll®
- Work-roll drive
Entry end.
TUBOS EUROPA
TWO MILLS ORDERED AT THE SAMETIME: BENXI IRON & STEEL, ChinaTWO MILLS ORDERED AT THE SAMETIME: BENXI IRON & STEEL,
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
16
CVC® 6-HS REVERSING
COLD MILLS
Benxi Iron & Steel, Liaoning province innorthern China, has ordered two X-Roll®
six-high reversing cold mills at the sametime. The harmonized overall solutionincluding mechanical equipment, utilities,X-Pact® electrics and automation fromone source was the decisive factor forawarding this order to us. Each plant’sannual production amounts to 250,000 t.The first of the two cold mills went onstream in December 2007 and the sec-ond followed in March 2008.
Both X-Roll® reversing mills were specifi-cally designed for the cold-rolling of car-bon steels featuring low final thicknessesof 0.18 to 1.6 mm with strip widths of750 to 1,300 mm.
Our scope of supply covered two identi-cal, powerful six-high CVC® plus millswith horizontal work-roll stabilization (HSsystem) and intermediate-roll drive, inclu-sive of all X-Pact® electrics and automa-tion. Highlights in the field of automationare the innovative setup model for maxi-mum yield and the technological controlelements specially tuned to each other.
Reversing cold mill.
17
TYPE CVC® 6-HS
REVERSING COLD MILL
Commissioning: December 2007/March 2008
Production data
Rolled stock Low CarbonStrip width 750 to 1,300 mmStrip thickness
Entry 1.8 to 3.0 mmExit 0.18 to 1.6 mm
Coil weight max. 22,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® plus 6-HSRolling speed max. 1,000 m/minRoll separating force max. 18,000 kNMotor rating 6,000 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 290 mm to 340 mmIntermediate rolls 440 mm to 500 mmBackup rolls 1,150 mm to 1,250 mm
Capacity 250,000 t/year
Technical features
- CVC® plus technology with axialintermediate-roll shifting and roll bending
- Horizontal shifting of intermediate rolls to stabilize the work rolls (HS system)
- Edge Drop Control (EDC®)
- Dry-Strip System
- Multizone cooling
- Intermediate-roll drive
Production.
COLD MILL FOR SI-STRIP: WISCO,COLD MILL FOR SI-STRIP: WISCO,China
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
18
CVC® 6-HS REVERSING
COLD MILL
Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation (Wisco),one of China’s largest steel companies,has continually extended its cold-stripproduction within recent years. In thiscontext, we in 2005 supplied a combinedpickling/tandem plant for an annualcapacity of 2.3 million t which Wiscochiefly uses to produce material for theautomotive industry.
A single-stand X-Roll® reversing cold mill(RCM) for an annual production of306,000 t there went on stream in thesummer of 2008. Wisco particularly con-centrates, with this plant, on the rollingof silicon strip featuring an Si-content ofup to 3.5 % in the grades HNGO (HighNon-Grain-Oriented) and HIB (High Grain-Oriented). This efficient mill has beenequipped with CVC® plus technology,EDC® system and horizontal work-roll sta-bilization (HS system).
Decisive for awarding the contract toSMS Siemag were, above all, our plantconcept tuned to the production of elec-tric-quality strip as well as the perfectedcontrol elements. The yield is maximizedby special arrangements in our setupmodel matched to the rolling of siliconstrip. In addition, our flatness measuringrollers are being employed which areoptimally adapted to the increased striptemperature when rolling Si-strip.
Preparation for roll change.
Reversing cold mill.
19
TYPE CVC® 6-HS
REVERSING COLD MILL
Commissioning: summer 2008
Production data
Rolled stock Si-steel (HNGO, HIB)Strip width 750 to 1,280 mmStrip thickness
Entry 1.3 to 3.0 mmExit 0.2 to 0.85 mm
Coil weight max. 20,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® plus 6-HSRolling speed max. 900 m/minRoll separating force max. 18,000 kNMotor rating 5,500 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 290 mm to 340 mmIntermediate rolls 440 mm to 500 mmBackup rolls 1,150 mm to 1,250 mm
Capacity 306,000 t/year
Technical features
- CVC® plus technology with axial interme -diate-roll shifting and roll bending
- Horizontal shifting of intermediate rolls to stabilize the work rolls (HS system)
- Edge Drop Control (EDC®)
- Dry-Strip System
- Multizone cooling
- Intermediate-roll drive
Wuhan Iron & Steel
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
20
NLMK,NLMK, Russia
MECHANICS, ELECTRICS,
AUTOMATION AND ROLLING
EMULSION FOR NLMK
Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) has commis-sioned us in April 2008 to build a six-highsingle-stand X-Roll® reversing cold mill.We are going to supply the completemechanical and electrical as well as theautomation equipment for this plantwhilst our affiliate SMS Lubrication willdevelop the rolling emulsion. In this waythe cooling lubricant can be optimallytuned to the rolling process.
The RCM will process 750 to 1,570 mmwide and up to 4.5 mm thick strip. Thethinnest finished strip will be 0.35 mmthick. The product range above all covershigher-strength and high-strength carbonsteels and IF-grades. The mill stand,scheduled to start up in the summer of 2010, will be designed for an annualcapacity of 350,000 t.
The six-high mill comes with CVC® pluson the intermediate rolls and with the HS system that reduces the deflection of the work rolls by horizontal shifting ofthe intermediate rolls, thus stabilizing therolling process. Additionally the plant willbe prepared to later incorporate an EdgeDrop Control facility.
All systems can be exactly matched toeach other due to the supply of mechani-cal, electrical and automation equipmentfrom a single source. This tight interlink-ing is an important precondition for highproduct quality and economical efficiency. The supply extent of X-Pact electrics andautomation will include the electric drivesystems, the control systems and theprocess models.
Reversing cold mill.
An integration test with training of theoperating staff and instruction of client’smaintenance personnel rounds off thebroad contractual field.
21
TYPE CVC® 6-HS REVERSING
COLD MILL
Commissioning: summer 2010
Production data
Rolled stock Hot-rolled and pickledlow-alloy carbon steels,IF-steels, HSLA steels
Strip width 750 to 1,570 mmStrip thickness
Entry 1.5 to 4.5 mmExit 0.35 to 2.6 mm
Coil weight max. 25,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® 6-HSRolling speed max. 1,300 m/minRoll separating force 20,000 kNMotor rating 5,800 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 290 to 340 mmIntermediate rolls 440 to 500 mmBackup rolls 1,150 to 1,250 mm
Capacity 350,000 t/year
Technical features
- CVC® plus technology with axial inter -mediate-roll shifting and roll bending
- Horizontal shifting of intermediate rolls to stabilize the work rolls (HS system)
- Dry-Strip System
- Multizone cooling
- Intermediate-roll drive
Cold millsSMS SIEMAG
22
INTERNATIONAL STEELS LIMITED, ISL,INTERNATIONAL STEELS LIMITED, ISL,Pakistan
PAKISTAN’S FIRST
X-ROLL® RCM
In April 2008 we received an order fromInternational Steel Limited (ISL) for thesupply of the first X-Roll® Reversing ColdMill (RCM) to Pakistan. ISL is one of thecountry’s leading companies and is so farspecializing in the production of tubes forline construction as well as for machineand vehicle construction. With the newsingle-stand four-high reversing cold millISL is now expanding its market range toalso embrace cold strip. The main field isintended to be the production of deep-drawing grades.
The plant is going to be designed for processing 700 to 1,250 mm wide stripwith a starting thickness of 5.0 mm. The minimum final strip thickness will be 0.25 mm and the annual capacity willamount to 248,000 t. Provisions will bemade during the first stage of construc-tion already to be able to extend theplant to a two-stand Compact Cold Mill(CCM) at a later date.
The mill will be designed in the form of a four-high stand and have one uncoilerand two reversing reels. For precisethickness control the stand will comewith hydraulic adjusting cylinders thatcan achieve a maximum total roll separat-ing force of 15,000 kN. Our CVC® plustechnology and work-roll bending systemwill provide for close tolerance limits.
Reversing cold mill.
As regards the delivery of mechanicalequipment, we are cooperating with anIndian consortium partner who will beresponsible for the entry and exit compo-nents, for the ancillaries and utilities aswell as for the work-roll change. Thecore components such as the mill stand,the reversing coilers and the high-pres-sure-hydraulics valve stands will be sup-plied by us. The plant is scheduled tostart operation mid-2010.
23
TYPE CVC® 4 REVERSING
COLD MILL
Commissioning: 2010
Production data
Rolled stock Deep-drawing grades (CQ, DQ, DDQ)
Strip width 700 to 1,250 mmStrip thickness
Entry 1.6 to 5.0 mmExit 0.25 to 2.0 mm
Coil weight max. 25,000 kg
Technical data
Stand type CVC® 4Rolling speed max. 1,200 m/minRoll separating force max. 15,000 kNMotor rating 5,800 kWRoll diameter
Work rolls 360 to 400 mmBackup rolls 1,000 to 1,100 mm
Capacity 248,000 t
Technical features
- CVC® plus technology with axial work-rollshifting and roll bending
- Work-roll drive
SMS SIEMAG AG
Cold Rolling Mills Division
Wiesenstrasse 3057271 Hilchenbach, Germany
Phone: +49 (0) 2733 29-1800Telefax: +49 (0) 2733 29-1782
E-mail: [email protected]: www.sms-siemag.com
MEETING your EXPECTATIONS
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“The information provided in this brochure contains a general description of the performance characteristics of the products concerned. The actual products may not always have thesecharacteristics as described and, in particular, these may change as a result of further developments of the products. The provision of this information is not intended to have and willnot have legal effect. An obligation to deliver products having particular characteristics shall only exist if expressly agreed in the terms of the contract.”