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This is PPT on Reversible Digital Watermarking,B.tech Seminar
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1.1
Reversible Digital Watermarking:Current
StatusBy
Faraz Akhtar
Under the guidance ofMr. Subhankar Ghatak
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1.2
HISTORY
The first watermarks appeared in Italy during the 13th century, but their use rapidly spread across Europe
The marks often were created by a wire sewn onto the paper mold
The term “digital watermark” was first coined in 1992 by Andrew Tirkel and Charles osborne.
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1.3
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Digital watermarking has been widely used to protect the copyright of digital images.
But without Robustness, an embedded watermark can be removed easily even in a legal procedure, and is unable to be proven.
Reversible watermarking is a class of digital watermarking data content, but also helps to maintain perfect integrity of the original multimedia “cover data”.
A reversible data hiding scheme and a reversible image authentication scheme can be defined as the schemes which can recover the original image. from the embedded image
Reversible Digital Watermarking:Introduction
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1.4
TECHNOLOGY The reversible watermarking schemes into three
classifications1) Applying Data Compression
2) Using Difference Expansion
3) Histogram Bin Shifting
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1.5
Reversible Watermarking Schemes by Applying Data Compression
In this type of reversible watermarking schemes, we discuss a well-known scheme that was proposed by Celik et al. in 2005.
The details of the embedding process of the scheme is described as follows.
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1.6
1.Every pixel is quantified by using the following L-level scalar quantization, and the corresponding remainders are generated:QL(x) = L × [x/L]
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1.7
2. It is assumed that the 16 remainders are compressed to 12 digit data and denoted as {x0, x1, . . . , x11}. In the opposite direction, {x0, x1, . . . , x11} can be decompressed to the original 16 remainders, too.
3. Watermark W is converted from {10 0010 1011}2 to {4 2 1 0}5, and becomes {x0, x1, . . . , x11, 4, 2, 1, 0}.
4. The watermarked image is generated by adding the compressed data and the watermark to the quantified image.
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1.8
Reversible Watermarking Schemes by Using Difference Expansion
These schemes usually generate some small values to represent the features of the original image.
The watermark information is usually embedded in the LSB parts of the expanded values.Then the watermarked image is reconstructed by using the modified values.
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1.9
To describe the concept of this type let’s take a look at Tian’s Sceme. In Tian’s Sceme an integer transformation is defined as
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1.10FARAZ AKHTAR (Roll No# 201248615)
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1.11FARAZ AKHTAR (Roll No# 201248615)
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1.12FARAZ AKHTAR (Roll No# 201248615)
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1.13
Reversible Watermarking Schemes by Using Histogram Bin Shifting
We discuss the Vleeschouwer etal.’s circular interpretation scheme to wrok out the concept of this type.
In Vleeschouwer et al.’s scheme,the original image is segmented into several blocks of the neighbor pixels, and the embedding processes are described as follows.
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1.14FARAZ AKHTAR (Roll No# 201248615)
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1.15FARAZ AKHTAR (Roll No# 201248615)
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1.16
ADVANTAGES
Blind Higher Embedding CapacityReadily Embedding and RetrievingImperceptibility
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1.17
ROLE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Forensics and Piracy Deterrance
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1.18
CURRENT USES AND APPLICATION
In the field of Militiry
Medical Field
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1.19
LIMITATIONS
Additional Retrieval information is needed for bit-by-bit Retrieval
Existing Reversible watermarking involve various complex mathematical operation for achieving reversibility property.
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1.20
LIMITATIONSTime Consuming
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1.21
CONCLUSION
Reversible watermarking schemes are still in development and have dramatically potential possibilities.
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1.22
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1.23
AnyQuestion ?
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