British Dotkers Return to Work; Fight Continues

By John WhiteLONDON, July 5 — Few struggles in Brita in can

parallel the six-weeks strike of twenty thousand dockers which ended yesterday. True, there have been in the past m any m agn ificen t b a ttle s . w here® —w orkers 'have equalled the f i r m ­ness, courage and sacrifice of these men. B u t you would search fa r th rou gh the pages o f B rit is h , w o rk in g class h is to ry to f in d men on s tr ik e whose heroic qua lities had to stand up to such an a rra yo f enemies outside and inside th e j ondemned the N A S D U . They

r ig h t to negotiate fo r these men and declared they were prepared to spend over $20 m illio n to defeat the s trike . The T U C Gen­eral Council set up a D isputes Com m ittee (see M ilita n t, J u ly 4) and endorsed its report, which

labor movement.M ost dangerous and treacherous

have been the enemies w ith in . The r ig h t w in g trade union leaders o f the Trade U n ion Con­gress’ General Council; London leader's o f the N a tiona l A m a l­gamated Stevedores and Dockers Union (N A S D U ), some o f them tim id and fe a rfu l — a fra id o f the forces they unleashed when they extended the un ion to the N o rth — and a t least two o f them conscious agents o f the em ploy­ers o r the T U C o r bo th; the StaiTinisits, who helped organize the s trikeb rea k ing a c tiv ity o f the London leadership, con tinu ­a lly underm ined the s tr ik e and denigrated i t in the columns ol the D a ily W orke r; a ll these forces combined in an a tte m p t ,to defeat th is s trugg le .

The General Council o f the T U C backed th e ir fe llow bureau­crats o f the T ra n sp o rt and Gen­eral W orkers U nion. Leaders o f the T ransport Union accused the N A S DU o f “ poaching” 10,000 TG-WU members in the p o rts o f L i v e r p o o l , B irkenhead, M an­chester and H u ll. They opposed the f ig h t o f the N A S D U fo r the

remanded th a t the 10,000 men in the N o rthe rn po rts be excluded from membership o f the union.

The trade union bosses knew fu ll well th a t these N orthe rn dockers would not re tu rn to the corrupt setup o f the T ransport and General W orkers. U nion. But to preserve the power o f the T ransp o rt Union o ffic ia ls , they were prepared to go to any lim its to smash the m ilita n t movement in the N o rth e rn ports, even i f it meant c rea ting a body o f non- un ionists on the docks.

F o r th e ir part, the. London leaders o f the N A S D U and the S ta lin is ts reached the peak o f treachery las t week when they agreed to accept the TU C deci­sion and cu t o f f tihe men in the N o rth fro m the union. On a m otion o f a S ta lin is t the Ivondon leader's ins tructed the s tr ike rs to re tu rn to w ork — a move d irec tly con tra ry to a ll tra d itio n a l demo­cra tic procedure o f the N A S D U whete rank and f ile m eetings have had the fin a l word in begin­n ing o r ending s tr ik e action.

This open be traya l o f the N o rth - (Continued on page 3)

t h e MILITANTPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Vol. X IX — No. 29 267 NEW YORK, N. Y., MONDAY, JULY 18, 1955 PRICE: 10 Cents

H-Bomb Still Menaces World Despite Big 4 “Peace” Talk

Einstein’s Final Words Stress H-Bomb Danger

By Paul AbbottAlbert Einstein’s final message to the world was

released to the press last week nearly three months after the great scientist’s death. The message was short but of the u tm ost g ra v ity . I t spoke o f®the th re a t o f a T h ird W orld W ar and . o f . the danger in such, a w a r o f the ex te rm ina tion o f the human race by dust and ra in fro m rad ioactive clouds.

I t appealed fo r a new ap­proach to the prob lem o f w a r, an approach based on people ris in g above na rrow in terests and considering themselves “ as human beings, members o f the species man, whose continued existence is in doubt.” (See fu l l text on page 2.)

E in s te in ’s s ta tem ent was drawn up in co llabora tion w ith the noted E ng lish philosopher B e rt­rand Russell and signed in the las t week o f his life . Russell said, on m aking the message public J u ly 9, tha t a f te r E in ­ste in ’s death he “ approached men o f sc ie n tific competence both in the East and in the W est” fo r th e ir suppo rting s ig ­natures.

The seven who added th e ir names are am ong the m ost em­inen t sc ien tific a u tho ritie s in the w orld , inc lud ing Leopold In - fe ld o f Poland, F rederic Jo lio t- C urie o f France, H idek i Y ukaw a o f Japan and Herm an J. M u lle r o f the U S A . O thers indicated th e ir sym pathy w ith the sta te­m ent but. w ithhe ld th e ir s igna­

tures because o f w itch -h u n t pressure.

E inste in thus converted his f in a l message in to a dem onstra­tion o f in te rna tiona lism among the courageous signers in face o f the gravest th rea t m ankind has yet faced.

H O S T IL E PRESSThis proved especially i r r i t a t ­

ing to the B ig Business press, which m et E in s te in ’s w a rn in g and appeal w ith coldness o r open h o s tility , a tte m p tin g to m in im ize the im portance o f the statem ent and to ta lk away the danger symbolized by the H-bomb.

'P a rtic u la r ly g a llin g to the statesmen accustomed to sow ing the seeds o f fu tu re wars in se­c re t deals was pub lica tion o f the message on the eve o f the B ig F our conference. The b ig ques­tion hang ing over th a t parley is precisely the one underlined by E inste in : the th re a t o f W orld W ar I I I and atom ic destruction .

From the M a rx is t po in t o f v iew , E in s te in ’s f in a l appeal fo r action to end the th re a t o f W orld W ar I I I is o f considerable in te rest. A s a lready indicated, one o f its m ost commendable fea tu res is its in te rna tiona lism

(Continued on page 2)

E inste in Bust

Chile Workers Win General Strike Credit RevolutionaryPressures for Turn Away from 'Cold W ar’

Sculptor Mitchell Fields puts finishing touches on a bust of Albert Einstein before its unveiling at a memorial tribute to the great scientist at Carnegie Hall, New York.

Moss Action Forces Govt. To Yield

J U L Y 13 — A smashing v ic to ry was won by the 24-hour general s tr ik e in Chile, Ju ly 7, which in ­volved nearly a m illio n workers. The police and arm y were mobilized under m a rtia l law by President Carlos Ibanez. But the com plete ly e ffec tive s tr ik e p ro ­ceeded w ith d iscip lined order and forced the governm ent to come to term s w ith the s tr ik in g transp o rt and com m unication workers.

On the ne x t Jay, J u ly 8,‘ the governm ent yielded No the postal and te legraph w orkers who had been on s tr ik e fo r .a week. Ibanez had 'previously refused to even meet w ith the representatives o f the w orkers on the ground th a t the s trikes were “ ille g a l.” The gove.irmne.nit prom ised th a t Con­gress would be asked im m edia te ly to au thorize a rise o f tw o grades on th e ir f ix e d (pay scales. The. com­m unication w orkers jiave given the Congress u n t il Wednesday, J u ly 13, to act. I f i t fa ils the s tr ike w ill resume on. Thursday; Ju ly 14.

By J u ly 10, a fte r a nine - day s tr ike the governm ent - employed tran ipart w orkers went hack to w ork w ith a 60% increase ns well as o ther concessions.

F urthe rm ore , the governm ent gave a guarantee th a t there would be no reprisa ls aga inst any o f the striker's o r th e ir leaders. This guarantee was demanded by the labor movement as governm ent employees are forb idden by law to organize s trikes.

G E N E R A L D E M A N D SIn add ition to supporting the

demand's o f the s tr ik in g tra n sp o rt and com m unication w orkers, the Chilean Labor Confederation de­manded a f la t bonus fo r a ll w o rk ­ers to b ridge the gap between prices and wages created by the w o rs t in fla tio n in the w orld . They also demanded increased pension rates and the repeal o f the repressive A n ti-C om m un is t Law.

The Labor Confederation has given the governm ent ten days to meet the rest of its demands. I f i t fa ils to do so by then, the Chilean labor movement w ill organize an­o ther general s tr ik e — th is tim e, w ithou t the 24-hour lim ita tio n .

The new s tr ik e th re a t o f in ­de fin ite length represents a v ic ­to ry fo r the le f t w in g in the Chilean Confederation over the policies o f the Com m unist P a rty . In reaching the derision fo r the general Strike o f la s t week, as N. Y. Tim es repo rte r, Sam Pope B rew er po in ted out, “ Some m em ­bers o f the Confederation wanted an ‘ in d e fin ite ’ general sl.rike. O thers voted fo r a tw o-day s trike . The Com m unists and th e ir sym ­pathizers, vo tin g w ith conser­va tive elements, helped c a rry a reso lu tion l im it in g the s tr ik e t.o tw e n ty -fo u r hours.”

To B rew er the conservatism o f the Communist. P a rty is hard to explain.. A c tu a lly , the S ta lin is ts are fo llo w in g a line w h o lly con­sistent w ith th e ir past policies. They, tog e the r w ith r ig h t-w in g socialists, are in a people’s fro n t a lliance w ith the Radical P a rty , i.he p o litica l o rgan iza tion o f the ca p ita lis t class o f Chile. They have no in ten tion o f f ig h t in g fo r a w orkers governm ent in Chile.

The R evo lu tionary W o r k e r s P arty o f Chile (T ro ts k y is t) , in the June issue o f E l F rente Obrero. (W o rke rs ’ F ro n t) po in ts out the ob jective tha t a general s tr ik e movement should head fo r. They appeal to a ll w orkers ’ parties and the Labor Confederation to form a united fron t and establish a workers governm ent th a t would reorganize C h ile ’s collapsed eco­nomic s truc tu re along socialist lines.

MINE, MILL AND SMELTER WORKERS BREAK COPPER KINGS’ SOLID FRONT

Ju ly 14— S tr ik in g copper m iners and sm elte r workers, be longing to the independent M ine, M il l and Sm elter W orkers ( IU M M S W A ), have broken the solid fro n t o f the copper kings. They have won a 16 l/2 c . an hour package from U.S. M etals R e fin ing Co. in New Jersey and are about to vote on an o ffe r from Anaconda, the in ­du s try g ian t, o f a l i t t le be tte r than 15c- an hour.

The copper s tr ike in e ig h t Rocky M ountain and F a r W’estem states, as w e ll as in New Jersey, began on J u ly 1. The companies had fa iled to come across in negotiations. M oreover, the M ine- M ill nego tia tors were bolstered in th e ir wage demands by the s tr ike and settlem ents in basic steel.

O f the n a tion ’s B ig F our copper producers, who em ploy some 60.000 workers, three — A m e r­ican S m elting and R e fin ing , Phelps-Dodgo and Kcnneeott —

were shut down by the s tr ike . N egotia tions w ith Anaconda con­tinued w ith o u t s tr ik e action.

The Anaconda o f fe r contains an 11 l/2 c . an hour across-the-board

wage'boost-plus a ha lf-cen t spread­ing o f the wage, rates between job c lassifications. T h is la tte r p ro v i­sion gives l i t t le o r no th in g to lower wage categories b u t resu lts in an add itiona l fo u r to seven cents an hour fo r the more skilled workers.

T A R G E T OF W IT C H H U N T A s tr ikeb rea k ing a ttem pt on the

part o f U.S. A ss is tan t A tto rn e y General W . F. Tom pkins appears to have borne l i t t le f r u it thus fa r. Speaking in Texas where copper s tr ike rs are on the picket lines, Tom pkins to ld the Houston R otary Club tha t the governm ent is a ll set to use the H u m ph re y-B u tle r Communist C on tro l Act o f 1954 against a “ co m m u n is t- in filtra te d ” labor union.

The IU M M S W A was one of those unions purged out. o f the CIO by P h ilip M u rra y and has since been subjected to smear and s trikeb rea k ing campaigns.

A no ther a tte m p t to weaken the copper s tr ik e was a ‘Tod spy” hoax staged by Howard Rush- more, a character who lives o ff the w itch hunt- Rushmore, a fo rm e r professional w itness a t t.he M cC arthy hearings, appeared on a Chicago T V broadcast and announced he was hot on the t ra il o f a secret Com m unist leader. Then he “ van ished" fro m his hotel room w h ile the press and ra d io and T V speculated w hether the “ Reds” had g o t him .

H is stunt was spoiled when he was recognized in a hotel in Butte , Montana, now hot on the Heels o f another “ C om m unist” leader, who “ has been s t ir r in g up copper mine s trikes a ll over the W est."

By Joseph HansenIn its advance publicity dealing with the conference

of the Big Four, which is |o begin at Geneva July 18, the State Department has stressed that little is to be expected from the parley. By this Dulles® means that he counts on no majorconcessions in substance from Moscow and tha t W ashington fo r its -s ide w ill ce rta in ly o ffe r none. W hat then is the purpose o f the m eeting?

W ashing ton ’s o ff ic ia l exp lana­tion is tha t it is s im p ly an ex­p lo ra to ry opera tion aim ed at g e ttin g pe rsona lly acquainted w ith the new heads o f the S bviet Union and o f fu r th e r tes ting th e ir proclam ations o f w illingness to ease in te rn a tio n a l tensions and th e ir re ite ra ted desire fo r “ peace­fu l coexistence” w ith the c a p ita l­is t world .

Nevertheless pub lic op in ion in general looks w ith hope a t the pa rley as possib ly m a rk in g a b ig tu rn in the “ cold w a r," a tu rn th a t could open up the w ay to e lim ina tion o f the th re a t o f a T h ird W orld W ar and the ca tastrophic atom ic destruction th a t has become the n igh tm are o f our tim es.

The fe e lin g th a t- the Geneva conference does m a rk a tu rn in the cold w a r c e rta in ly rests on e solid founda tion o f fa c t. The to rn , however, is n o t due to the series o f concessions a lready made by Moscow, suefh as the A us tria n trea ty . Above a ll, i t is no t due lc a change o f hea rt by the B ig Business i+jJera o f A m erica who have been p re p a rin g fo r W orld W ar I I I since 1945.

W hat has happened is a sh ift in the w orld balance o f power to the d is favor o f Am erican c a p ita l­ism. This s h ift is so m arked tha t it has forced W a ll S treet to a lte r its tim etab le o f w ar.

SYM PTO M S OF S H IF TThe sh ift, has been reg is tered

in a ve ry rea l way by the con­tinued revo lu tiona ry f e r m e n t th roughou t Asia , by the pow er o f the Chinese revo lu tion proved by force o f arm s in Korea, by the d if f ic u lty o f rea rm ing Germ any and Japan, and by the b itte rness o f the A m erican people over in ­volvement, in the Korean con flic t.

A long w ith th is , the rise o f the Soviet Union ou t o f W orld W ar I I to the status o f a m a jo r power— blie on ly one outside o f the U n ited States capable o f develop­ing atom ic energy on a b ig scale— convinced the heads o f A m e r­ica’s 60 ru lin g fam ilies th a t an ea rly w ar aga inst th is fo rm idab le force would prove suic ida l.

I t was necessary to d raw back, to disengage m il i ta r i ly in such areas as Korea and Indochina, to take more tim e to prepare, especially in rea rm ing Germ any and Japan, and to re lax w orld tensions in order to regain the

d ip lom atic in it ia t iv e and be tte r psychologize the A m erican people fo r the fe a rfu l contest envisaged in the b lue p rin ts fo r w ar.

The p ro ba b ility o f such a tu rn became apparent to the M arxist, movement w ith the debacle in Korea and was discussed in the M il ita n t even before Eisenhower was sworn in to o ffice and agreed to the Korean truce.

NO B A S IC CO NCESSIO NSThis in b r ie f is the general

background to the Geneva con­ference. We can conclude from i t th a t E isenhower and Dulles w ill concede no th ing th a t con flic ts w ith the basic aim o f th e ir po licy which is to prepa re fo r W orld W ar M I. They can, however, go fa r in advancing d ip lom atic fo rm u las and concessions th a t ap­pear to fa vo r peace. They m ay even o ffe r to agree to such th ings as “ d isa rm am ent” ; i.e., m il ita ry outbacks th a t are a lready called fo r in y iew o f th e ip revised tim e ­table fo r w ar.

At. the same tim e, ho ld ing out, to the K re m lin ’s representatives the perspective they have in mind anyway — deferm ent o f W orld W ar I I I — they w ill press in re tu rn fo r heavy paym ent a t the expense o f the Soviet bloc.

Here i t can be predicted w ith ­out much danger o f go ing w rong

(Continued on page 2)

Barbaria Radio Talk on “ Big 4”

Frank Barbaria, Socialist Workers Party candidate for Mayor of San Francisco in the coming Fall elections, will speak over radio s t a t i o n KPFA-FM on Tuesday, July 19, 7:35 P.M. on the “Meaning of the Big Four Conference.” Barbaria is well known in the Bay Area as a veteran militant trade unionist and socialist campaigner. He has been in­vited to speak on subjects of current interest once, a month over this same station. In future broadcasts Barbaria has announced he will speak on other topics of current and vital interest to the American working class. Station KPFA is listener-sponsored and carries no paid advertising. The pro­gram Barbaria will speak on is called “The Commentator,” a five-day a week feature that tries to present all opinions.

State Dept. Officials Retreat on PassportsBy John Thayer

One fie ld o f c iv il libe rties where the log jam appears to be breaking is in the g e ttin g of passports. The passport, d ivision of the State Departm ent, a spec­ia l kingdom o f M cC arthy ism , had long made its e lf odious to a ll believers in po litica l lib e rty by its w itch -hu n ting practices.

It elaborated the thpory th a t a c itizen had no right, to a pass­po rt, b u t tha t a passport was a p riv ile g e which it m ig h t g ra n t ot w ithho ld as i t saw f i t a fte r an investiga tion o f the a p p li­can t’s ideas and associations. Passport app lica tions were a rb i­t r a r i ly tu rned down on the grounds tha t “ trave l abroad by the persons involved would not. be in the in te rests o f the U n ited States.”

W h ile the A m erican press was h o lle rin g about the “ iro n c u r­ta in ” around the S ov ie t w o rld

an iron cu rta in was be ing erect­ed around the shores o f the U . S. to keep its citizens in.

“ S U B V E R S IV E ” L IS TThe c r ite r ia fo r the re jection

o f passport app lica tions o r the seizing o f passports prev iously granted were the usual w itc h ­hunt abuses: M em bership, real or reputed, in any o f the o rg a n i­zations lis ted (w ith o u t a hear­in g ) on the A tto rn e y G eneral’s “ subversive” lis t. Association or k insh ip w ith any such person o r w ith any person th a t some face­less in fo rm e r had said was “ sub­versive.” People were refused passports because they were secre tly reported to have utte red words c r it ic a l o f U . S. fo re ign po licy.

These people could not get a hearing from the S tate D e pa rt­ment to prove tha t they had been lied about. Indeed, as is usual in a ll the “ lo y a lty ” cases

they could never even find out what the testim ony was on the basis o f which they were denied the r ig h t to trave l.

Then came two blows to the Gestapo-minded passport, d iv is ­ion. Last M ay 1, D r. O tto N a­than, executor o f E in s te in ’s es­ta te , unable to ge t a passport (p robab ly because th e . d iv is ion considered E inste in subversive) went to a federa l cou rt and suc­ceeded in g e ttin g a c o u rt order th a t he be given a hearing o r a passport. The S tate D epartm ent backed down and gave Nathan a passport.

On June 23 came the real c rush ing blow to the tw o -b it M cC arthy ’s in the passport sec­tion . The case o f M ax Shacht- man, head o f the Independent Socialist League, who fo r years had been b a ttl in g fo r a pass­po rt, came up before the U . S. C ourt o f Appeals. In an ex­trem e ly im p o rta n t decision, be-:

cause i t carries im p lica tions fo r the " lo y a lty ” f ir in g s o f indus­t r ia l w orkers, the court, unan i­m ously ruled tha t the r ig h t to tra ve l was an inhe ren t lib e r ty ; th a t a passport wasn’t, a p r iv i­lege hu t a r ig h t since no one can tra ve l w ith o u t one; and th a t the “ subversive” lis t was no basis fo r passport refusa ls.

SO M E RESU LTSThe court, ordered the State

D epartm ent to g ive Shachtman a lega l hea ring o r a passport. So fa r the State D epartm ent hasn’t acted on Shachtm an’s passport. B u t it has acted on numerous o ther passport a p p li­cations which it had held up fo r years or had refused o u trig h t.

Indeed, the action o f the State D epartm ent, a fra id to hold hear­ings at wh ich the f lim s y nature o f th e ir w itch -hu n t charges would be aired, resembles more a ro u t than a re trea t.

C lark Forem an, head o f the Em ergency C iv il L ibe rties Com­m ittee , denied a passport since 1951, has now been given one. D r. M art.in-Kam en, w o rld -fa m ­ous rad io log is t from St.. Louis, Mo., refused a passport fo r e igh t years, is now allowed to trave l abroad, ju s t as i f he were a free man. W iila rd Z. C la rk , a businessman w ith in te rests in E th iop ia now m ay, a fte r years o f re jec tion , trave l aw ay from and hack to the “ home o f the free .”

F in a lly , in a case that involves not on ly the r ig h t to trave l but freedom o f the press — Joseph C la rk , fo re ign ed ito r o f the D a ily W orker, has now been granted a “ lim ite d ” passport to cover the B ig F ou r m eeting in Geneva.

Page Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, July 18, 1955

Chinese Trotskyists Explain Mao Purge

By Mer Li-dar[Last week the au thor de­

scribed the background o f the recent sensational purges by the Mao regim e o f tw o o f its lead­in g figu res , Kao K ang and Jao Shu-shih. T h is week he con­cludes w ith more about the p o li­tics o f the v ic tim s, the real reasons fo r the purge and the a ttitu d e o f the Chinese T ro ts k y ­is ts tow ard the cris is fac ing the Mao governm ent. The artic le , published as a pamphlet by the Chinese Section o f the F ourth In te rn a tio n a l, was transla ted by Hong W ing. Ed.]

Jao Shu-shih o r ig in a lly took an active p a rt in the New F ou rth A rm y . A f te r the death o f Yeh T in g and Hong Y ing, the m il i­ta ry leadership o f the New F o u rth A rm y fe ll in to the hands o f Chen Yu and Shu Yee. F o l­low ing the “ event o f W en N an” [th e Kuormi retang’s be traya l o f the CCP in southern Anhw ei w h ile they were in a united f ro n t d u rin g the w a r against Japan — T r . ] , L iu Shao-chi be­came the po litica l com m issar o f the New F o u rth A rm y .

A f te r L iu ’s re tu rn to the C entra l Governm ent, Jao Shu- shih becafne the p a r ty ’s po litica l d ire c to r • in the New F ourth A rm y .

Consequently, w ith the libe ra ­tion o f the East Ch ina d is tr ic t, Jao Shu-shih, due to the fa v o r­able p a rty position th a t fostered his clique, was able to overcome Chen Yu and become chairm an o f the East China M il ita ry Po­li t ic a l Commission. T h is was the basis o f the rum or c ircu la ted in East China about the s trugg le fo r power between Jao Shu-shih and Chen Yu.

I f K ao K ang ’s general p o lit i­cal tendency appeared more ,to the le ft , then th a t o f Jao Shu- shih was more to the r ig h t. But th is was not due to his personal bent. I t was a consequence of M ao’s "N ew Dem ocracy” theory, which stresses compromise w ith the bourgeoisie. |

The CCP, dom inated by M ao’s theory, has always advocated com prom ise w ith the bourgeoisie. F o r a long period they practiced a lliance w ith Chiang Kai-shek.

A f te r the w a r w ith Japan, i t was on ly when Chiang, ta k in g advantage o f the a lliance be­tween the K uom in tang and the CCP, invaded CCP te r r ito ry th a t the la tte r engaged in the m il i­ta ry s t r u g g l e to overth row Chiang, though a t the same tim e s t i l l m a in ta in in g an alliance w ith the na tive cap ita lis ts .

Since the libe ra tion , the na­tiv e cap ita lis ts have advanced considerably due to the support o f the CCP, which stresses p ro ­tection o f cap ita lis t p rope rty and industry .

As a result the economic s treng th o f the South Yangtze

MAO

cap ita lis ts c e n t e r e d around Shanghai has advanced trem en­dously, c o rru p tin g the/ CCP cadres w ith m a te ria l means and o the r blandishm ents. Jao Shu- shih, Yeh Jen -y ing, etc., became subject to the corrup tion .

T h is did not p reven t them from leading the San Fan and W u Fan movements, w r it in g a rtic les aga inst c a p ita lis t cor­rosion, bu t they were steeped in the bourgeois influence.

' The San Fan and W u Fan movements were 'dom inated by the heads o f the A d m in is tra tiv e D is tr ic ts . • I t was the re fo re im ­possible fo r the rea l s treng th o f the masses to be fu l ly develop­ed. The’ v ic tim s o f the move­ments were the subordinates o f these heads, bu t never the heads themselves.*

The general line o f the CCP has in practice accelerated the resistance o f the bourgeoisie. They slow down production openly as p ro test aga inst the cooperation o f s tate and p riva te in du s try . A t the same tim e, an­tic ip a tin g the to le ra tio n and p ro ­tection o f the heads o f the A d m in is tra tiv e D is tr ic ts , they press the corrosion and destruc­tion o f state in d u s try and the state ad m in is tra tion .

The policy o f the CCP center always changes in the hands o f those executing it . W h ile in the fo re fro n t o f the movement against bourgeois pressure and corrup tion , Jao Shu-shih became the w orst in to le ra tin g the bourgeois advance.

B u t the expulsion o f Jao Shu- shih is no t e n tire ly a conse­quence o f h is compromises w ith the r ig h t in c a rry in g ou t po licy. Such compromises are a com­mon phenomenon in the CCPand are a lw ays considered no th ­in g b u t careless m istakes to be corrected by a superior. The harshest d isc ip line is genera llyon ly a tra n s fe r o r dism issalfro m the post, no t expulsion fro m the pa rty .

Mao Follows in Stalin’s Footsteps

... H-Bomb Still Menaces World

Jao’s real crim e, since his transference to the C entra l Gov­ernm ent, was con tinuation o f e liq u is t a c tiv ity aga inst M ao’s Centra l Governm ent. A ccord ing to the N a tiona l Conference, Jao Shu-shih w h ile in charge o f the O rgan iza tion D epartm ent made an alliance w ith Kao who had been trans fe rre d to the same place.

I f there was an actual under­s tand ing between them, i t was obviously form ed w h ile they both worked in the C entra l G overn­m ent. Before th a t th e ir eliquism had been confined to th e ir re ­spective te rr ito r ie s w ith o u t con­nection w ith each other.

The whole CCP membership and the w o rke r and peasant masses in the cou n try were caught by surprise when the purge o f Kao K ang and Jao Shu-shih was announced. Had no t the accom plishm ents o f the N ortheast been the norm o f the coun try in CCP propaganda since the lib e ra tio n ? W ere not the a rtic les w r itte n by Kao Kang d u rin g the San F an and W u Fan movements the m ain ones fo r s tudy? Now, a ll o f a sudden, the CCP announced involvem ent o f Kao and Jao in a conspiracy unknown to the low er cadres and w o rke r and peasant masses.

Detroit Fri. Night Socialist Forum

•P sych ia try and the

In d iv id u a l TodayF rid a y , J u ly 22, a t 8 P. M.

•The B ig F our ConferenceF riday , J u ly 29, a t 8 P. M.

•A t 3000 Grand R iver, Rm. 207

Free fo r Unem ployed Donation 25c.

I f the e liqu is t a c tiv itie s be­gun by Kao in 1949 and Jao in 1943 had become m ore- and more serious, w hy d idn ’ t the CCP meet them openly and democra­t ic a lly w ith in the p a rty ?

I f Kao K ang had turned the N ortheast People’s Government in to an “ independent k ingdom ,” and Jao Shu-shih had to le rated cou n te r-revo lu tiona ry elements and cap itu la ted to the ca p ita l­ists, land lords and ric h peasants, so th a t the m a tte r transcended p a rty a ffa irs and involved a v io ­la tion o f sta te leg is la tion , w hy w eren’t they tr ie d in open cou rt ?

W hy weren’t the cap ita lis t, land lord and ric h peasant ac­complices in the alleged con­sp iracy exposed and tr ie d ac­cord ing to law ? A re n ’t they more, or a t least equa lly menac­in g to the in te rests o f the revo­lu tion ?

The CCP constantly brags about its pa rty democracy and its line tow ard the masses. B ut the purge o f K ao K ang and Jao Shu-shih proceeded secre tly, be­fore the announcement o f cha rg ­es against them. They had n e ith ­er a chance to challenge alleged evidence nor to defend them ­selves.

In no t su b m ittin g Kao K a n g ’s and Jao Shu-shih ’s alleged v io ­la tions o f la w to t r ia l , the p a rty v io la ted the fun c tion o f the

(Continued fro m page 1)th a t they w ill g e t m ore than they are en titled to . T rue enough, the K re m lin ’s spokesmen w ill seek propaganda advantages from the d ip lo m atic weakness otf the W aliing ton-London axis, b u t they w ill no t seek to convent these in to the basic p o lit ic a l advantages th a t in th e f in a l ana lys is con­s titu te the on ly sure defense o f the Soviet Union.

In fa c t th e ir basic concessions to the heads o f the im p e ria lis t powers w il l be p o litica l in cha r­acter. A s in the’-past, the y w ill o f fe r th e ir services to contain, dera il, and suppress revo lu tiona ry movements th a t threaten both the cap ita lis t class and the pa ras itic Soviet caste.

SECR ET D IP LO M A C YSuch o ffe rs o f course w ill

scarcely be publicized. A s a t Teheran and Y a lta these cynical deals a t the expense o f the w o rk ­in g class and oppressed peoples th roughou t the w o rld w i l l be haggled over in secret. P ub lic ly Moscow w ill repeat its w e ll-w o rn

phrases abou t cham pioning the cause o f peace and socialism.

The g reat issues tha t loom over Geneva w il l no t be met a t th is conference table. They cannot be. fo r the forces th a t w ill solve them are not represented there.

F irs t o f a ll, the German peo­ple, whose fa te is decisive fo r a ll o f Europe, rem a in under tihe m il ita ry boot o f occupying troops and th e ir voice is s tif le d by the tw o puppet regim es th a t have been ins ta lled over them.

.Secondly, no t a s ing le repre­sentative o f the A sian revo lu tion th a t was decisive in a lte r in g the w o rld re la tio n o f pow er is present. N o t even a spokesman o f the China- th a t ove rth rew d ic ta to r Chiang Kai-shek and held m ig h ty Am erica a t the 38th pa ra lle l in Korea!

N o r is -there a genuine repre­sentative o f e ithe r the European o r Am erican peoples o-r colonial na tions a t th is t ig h t l i t t le ga the r­in g o f the would-be deciders o f the de s tiny -o f the w orld .

Thus no m a tte r w hat unsavory deals are cooked up by these im ­p e ria lis t gangsters and pa ras itic thieves, the f in a l word w i l l rem ain w ith the colossal forces whose p re lim in a ry movements caused the ge t-toge ther a t Geneva.

Public L ib ra rie s -in the U.S. are in a bad way. Twenty-seven m il­lion people are w ith o u t lib ra ry services. W h o lly inadequate ones ex is t f o r another 53,000,000. O f the 7,500 pub lic lib ra ry systems in th e U.S., 30% have annual in ­comes o f less than $1,000 each.

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Text of Einstein’s Last Message(The fo llo w in g is the te x t o f

A lb e rt E in s te in ’s last message to the w orld . — E d.]

In the tra g ic s itua tion wh ich con fronts hum an ity , we feel tha t scientists should assemble in conference to appraise the pe rils th a t have arisen as a resu lt o f the development o f weapons o f mass destruction , and to discuss a reso lu tion in the s p ir it o f the appended d ra ft.

We are speaking on th is oc­casion, no t as members o f th is o r tha t na tion , con tinent o r creed, but as human beings, m embers o f the species man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The w orld lis f u l l o f con­f l ic ts ; and, overshadow ing a ll m ino r con flic ts , the t ita n ic s trugg le between communism and anti-com m unism .

A lm ost everybody who is po­li t ic a lly conscious has strong fee lings about one or more o f these issues; bu t we w ant you, i f you can, to set aside such

Einstein’s Plea(Continued from page 1)

— “ We are speaking on th is occasion, not as members o f th is o r th a t na tion , con tinent or creed. . .”

FOR H U M A N IT YT h is is a m an ifes ta tion o f E in ­

s te in ’s love and sense o f du ty tow ard his fe llo w man. K now ing his tim e was short, his las t though ts were s t i l l no t about h im se lf o r even h is g re a t life achievements, b u t about the w e l­fa re o f hu m an ity and o f the g rea t dangers and tasks fac in g the w orld . To his dy in g breath he remained above the cynicism and foulness o f the ca p ita lis t atmosphere, ac ting to the end as a c itizen o f the world .

W here E inste in missed was p o lit ic a lly , in hoping th a t the heads o f the c u rre n t govern­ments, and in p a rtic u la r the ca p ita lis t governm ents c o u l d seriously agree to foresw ear w ar as an in s tru m en t o f po litics .

E inste in h im se lf was aware th a t any confidence in agree­ments no t to use the H-bom b in w a r w ould prove illu so ry . F o r once w a r began, the use o f H - bombs w ould in e v ita b ly fo llow .

B u t i t is ju s t as illu s o ry to place any confidence in any declaration o f a ca p ita lis t gov­ernm ent to g ive up w a r. H is to ry has shown conclusively th a t such declarations constitu te no th ing b u t p a r t o f the prepa ra tions o f an im p e ria lis t power fo r w ar. And h is to ric experience in th is case s im p ly con firm s w h a t was a lready known theo re tica lly . Im ­p e r ia lis t w a r is inseparable from the im p e ria lis t stage o f c a p ita l­ism.

O nly by rep lac ing cap ita lism by the planned order o f socia l­ism can the th rea t o f w a r be ended once and fo r a ll.

E inste in thus would have been more re a lis tic to have addressed his f in a l message to the w o rk in g class and to the oppressed peo­ples o f the wox-ld , fo r they are the ones who have the capacity to in troduce socialism.

A S O C IA L IS TSince E ins te in had pub lic ly

recognized the incapacity o f cap­ita lism to serve the needs o f the people any longer and had c a ll­ed fo r socialism as the on ly hope fo r the fu tu re , i t is to be wondered th a t he did no t under­line these views in h is f in a l message. They are on ly fa in t ly indicated by his reference a t the end to the “ new paradise” th a t hum an ity now has w ith in reach.

M ost lik e ly E ins te in counted on no more than adding pres­sure fo r a re laxa tion o f ten ­sions and de ferm ent o f w a r, fo r he c le a rly indicates the desir­a b ili ty o f th is goal w h ile re a lis ­t ic a lly in d ica tin g th a t th is is no f in a l solution.

A M a rx is t w i l l agree th a t a reprieve fro m , W orld W ar I I I and a ll th a t would fo llo w is h ig h ly welcome; the po in t, how ­ever, is to use the reprieve to achieve a f in a l so lu tion to the problem o f im p e r ia lis t w ar.

Here the hope th a t a plea by the com m unity o f scientists to the governm ents o f the w o rld m ig h t persuade them to g ive up w ar reveals p o lit ic a l naivete. I t is dangerous na ive te since i t can help the im p e ria lis t p o lit i­cians and d ip lom ats in camou­f la g in g policies th a t w i l l in e v it­ab ly end in w ar. The possible benefits o f the reprieve can thus be lost and in fa c t even be con­verted in to new advantages fo r those who would take us in to the abyss ‘o f W o rld W a r I I I .

The correct name fo r th is is pe tty-bourgeo is pacifism and th a t is w hat E in s te in ’s po litics ends in.

Nevertheless, as a sincere e f­fo r t to meet the b iggest cha l­lenge o f ou r tim es instead o f b rush ing i t aside, E in s te in ’s dec­la ra tio n is commendable.

A nd as a w a rn in g o f the catas­troph ic fu tu re th a t faces m an­kind, i f con tro l o f the H-bomb rem ains unchanged, i t would be d if f ic u lt to f in d a m ore a u th o r i­ta tiv e statem ent, I

fee lings and consider yourselves® on ly as members o f a b io log ica l ’ species wh ich has had a re m a rk ­able h is to ry , and whose disap­pearance none o f us can desire.

We sha ll t r y to say no single word which should appeal to one group la th e r than to an­other. A ll , equa lly, are in p e ril, and, i f the p e ril is understood, there is hope th a t they m ay co llec tive ly a v e rt it .

We have to learn to th in k in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourselves, no t w hat steps can be taken to g ive m il ita ry v ic to ry to w hatever group we p re fe r, fo r there no longer are such steps; the question we have to ask ourselves is : w ha t steps can be taken to prevent a m il i­ta r y contest o f which the issue m ust be disastrous to a ll p a r­ties ? t

The general public, and even m any men in position o f a u th o r­ity , have no t realized w ha t would be involved in a w a r w ith nuclear bombs. The gen­era l public s t i l l th in ks in term s o f the o b lite ra tio n o f c ities. I t is understood th a t the new bombs are m ore po w e rfu l than the old, and th a t, w h ile one A - bomb could ob lite ra te H irosh im a, one H-bom b could ob lite ra te the la rge s t cities, such as London, New Y ork and Moscow.

M E A N IN G OF T H E BO M BNo doubt in An H-bomb w a r

g re a t c ities would be ob lite rated. B u t th is is one o f the m ino r d isasters th a t would have to be faced. I f everybody in London, New Y ork and Moscow were ex­te rm ina ted the w o rld m ig h t, in the course o f a few centuries, recover fro m the blow. B u t we now know, especia lly since the B ik in i test, th a t nuclear bombs can g ra d u a lly spread destruction over a ve ry much w ide r area than had been supposed.

I t is stated on ve ry good a u th o r ity th a t a bomb can now be m anufactured which w i l l be 2,500 tim es as pow erfu l as th a t which destroyed H irosh im a.

Such a bomb, i f exploded near the ground o r under w a te r, sends rad ioactive pa rtic les in to the upper a ir. They s ink g ra d ­u a lly and reach the surface o f the ea rth in the fo rm o f a dead­ly dust o r ra in . I t was th is dust w h ich in fected the Japanese fisherm en and th e ir catch o f fish .

No one knows how w ide ly such le tha l" rad ioactive pa rtic les m ig h t be d iffused , b u t the best au tho rities are unanim ous in saying th a t a w a r w ith H-bombs m ig h t qu ite pos ib ly p u t an end to the hum an race. I t is feared th a t i f many H-bom bs are used there w il l be un iversa l death — sudden on ly fo r a m in o r ity , b u t fo r the m a jo r ity a slow to rtu re o f disease and d is in te g ra tio n .

M any w a rn ings have been u t ­tered by em inent men o f science and by au tho ritie s in m il ita ry s tra tegy . None o f them w i l l say th a t the w o rs t resu lts are cer­ta in . W hat they do say is th a t these resu lts are possible, and no one can be sure th a t they w il l not be realized. W e have no t ye t found th a t the v iew s o f experts on th is question depend in any degree upon th e ir po litics o r prejudices. They depend, on ly s6 fa r as ou r researches have revealed, upon the extent o f the p a rtic u la r expe rt’s know ­ledge. We have found th a t the men who know m ost are the most gloom y.

T H E PR O B LE MHere, then, is the problem

which we present to you, s ta rk and d read fu l, and inescapable: shall we p u t an end to the human race; o r sha ll m ankind re ­nounce w a r? People w i l l not face th is a lte rn a tive because i t is so d if f ic u lt to abolish war.

The abo lition o f w a r w i l l de­mand d is ta s te fu l lim ita t io n s o f na tiona l sovere ignty. B u t w ha t perhaps impedes understand ing o f the s itua tion m ore than an y ­th in g else is th a t the te rm “ m ankind” fee ls vague and ab­s tract. People scarcely rea lize in im a g in a tio n th a t the danger is to themselves and th e ir ch ild ren and th e ir g randch ild ren, and no t on ly to a d im ly apprehended hum an ity . They can scarcely b r in g themselves to grasp th a t they, in d iv id u a lly , and those whom they love are in im m inen t danger o f pe rish ing agon iz ing ly . A nd so they hope th a t perhaps w a r m ay be allowed to continue provided m odern weapons are p roh ib ited .

The hope is illu s o ry . W h a t­ever agreem ents no t to use H - bombs had been reached in tim e o f peace, they would no longer be considered b ind ing in tim e o f w ar, and both sides would set to w o rk to m anufacture H - bombs as soon as w a r broke out, fo r , i f one side m an u fac tu r­ed the bombs and the o the r did not, the side th a t m anufactured them would in e v ita b ly be v ic ­torious.

A ltho ug h an agreem ent to re ­nounce nuclear weapons as p a rt o f a general reduction o f a rm a­m ents w ould no t a ffo rd an u l t i ­m ate solution, i t w ou ld serve certa in im p o rta n t purposes.

F ir s t ; any agreem ent between

W itc h -H u n t V ic t im

V ic to r W e inga rten ( r ig h t ) o f P leasantv ille , N . Y., huddles w ith his a tto rney a fte r te ll in g the Senate In te rn a l S ecurity sub­com m ittee tha t he broke w ith thb C om m unist P a rty in 1940. He was threatened w ith contem pt action when he refused to p lay the role o f stoolpigeon and answer questions about others. W einga rten was fingered by CBS news com m entator W inston B u rd e tt as having been a fe llow member o f a Communist P a rty group o f fo rm e r employes o f the B rook lyn Eagle in the 30’s.

East and W est is to the good in so fa r as i t tends to d im in ish tension. Second: the abo lition of the rm onuclear weapons, i f each side believed th a t the o the r had carried i t out s incere ly, would lessen the fe a r o f a sudden a t­tack in the s ty le o f Pearl H a r­bor, w h ich a t present keeps both sides in a s ta te o f nervous ap­prehension. W e should, the re ­fore, welcome such an agree­m ent, though on ly as a f ir s t step.

M ost o f us are no t ne u tra l in fee ling , bu t, as human beings, we have to rem em ber th a t, i f the issues between East and W est are to be decided in any m anner th a t can g ive any pos­sible sa tis fac tion to anybody, w hether C om m unist o r a n ti- Com m unist, w hethe r A s ian o r European o r A m erican , w hether w h ite o r b lack, then these issues m ust no t be decided by w a r. We should w ish th is to be under­stood, both in the East and in the West.

There lies before us, i f we choose, con tinua l progress in happiness, knowledge and w is ­dom. S ha ll we, instead, choose death, because we cannot fo rg e t our quarre ls? We appeal, as human beings, to hum an beings:

rem em ber y o u r hu m a n ity and fo rg e t the rest. I f you can do

lL/i 1 i AC I A A V* A Titlo rg e t me rest, u you can do so, the way lies open to a new paradise; i f you cannot, the re lies before you the r is k o f un i* versa l death.

R E S O LU TIO NWe in v ite th is congress ( to be

convened), and th rough i t the scientists o f the w o rld and the general pub lic , to subscribe to the fo llo w in g reso lu tion :

“ In v iew o f the fa c t th a t in any fu tu re w o rld w a r nuclear weapons w ill ce rta in ly be em* ployed, and th a t such weapons threaten the continued existence o f m ankind, we urge the Gov­ernm ents o f the w orld to re a l­ize, and to acknowledge p u b lic ly , th a t th e ir purposes cannot be fu rthe red by a w o rld w a r, and we urge them , consequently, to f in d peaceful means fo r the set­tlem ent o f a ll m a tte rs o f d is ­pute between them .”

P ro f. Percy W . B ridgm an A lb e r t E inste in P ro f. Leopold Ih fe ld P ro f. Herm ann Joseph M u lle f P ro f. Cecil F . P ow ell P ro f. Joseph R o tb la t B e rtrand Russell P ro f. Hidelci Yukawa P ro f. F rede ric Jo lio t-C u rie

rm mutantThe .attention o f the readers,

agents, and subsorip tion -ge tters o f the M il ita n t is s t i l l focused <m an

assessment o f the recently - completed subscrip tion c a m- pa ign. The purpose is to f in d the best method among those used in the cam­pa ign fo r the con­tinued a c t i v i t y th roughou t the year o f expanding the lis t o f M il ita n t readers.

A very welcome repo rt a long these lines came in th is week fro m San Francisco. In p lann ing the w o rk ahead, Joan Jordan w rite s : “ We took an area o f the c ity in the h e a rt o f the w o rk ing class res iden tia l section in which the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty had received a ve ry h igh vote d u rin g several previous cam­paigns. I t was mapped o u t by prec incts w ith the p rec inc t num ­b e r and vote lis ted on earth in ­d iv idua l map.

In th is w ay a rou te was estab­lished in a neighborhood and the g roundw ork la id fo r deeper pene­tra t io n w ith the paper. Several people have taken the paper every week since. Three readers have been a ttrac ted who are p lan n in g to a tten d ou r com ing m eeting. One is a fa m ily o f m ig ra to ry workers,

"W ith planned long -te rm w o rk such as th is we feel we w ill have good resu lts in ob ta in ing subs a ll year round.”

S tay ing on the W est Coast, Helen Baker te lls us th a t Seattle is “ s t i l l lo ok in g fo r subs and I hope th a t we can continue to send in both fro m old subscribers and from new readers.”

M oving on to the Gateway to the Great N o rthw est, Helen Sher­man in fo rm s us th a t M inneapo lis “ w ants three copies o f the series o f the M arey a rtic les w h ich were advertised fo r sale in the M i l i ­ta n t.”

Across the M iss iss ipp i R iver, W in ifre d Nelson w rite s fro m St. Paul: “ Thanks fo r the in fo rm a ­tion on the 1954 M il ita n t bound volume. Please send i t when i t is ready.”

A no ther welcome note came Ito us from Canada. I t said: “ A s I am a new subscriber to the ‘M il ita n t ’ and am p a rtic u la r ly in ­terested in the A r t P reis series, ‘T w en ty Years o f the CTO’ I would be pleased to receive free a ll the previous in s ta llm e n ts .”

The ed ito ria l s ta f f is always pleased to hear o f such requests, as i t .indicates th a t readers lik e the k ind o f paper we pub lish : a socia lis t paper w o rth y o f the w o rk in g class.

Now Available!

Bound Volume of 1954 MilitantA n inva luab le perm anent record o f the year’s m a jo r

na tiona l and in te rna tiona l developments reported and analyzed fro m the M a rx it v ie w po in t:

M cC arthy ’s fasc is t power d r ive and how he was shelved . . . the h is to ric Supreme C ourt decision on school desegregation and the ra c is t counter-dem onstrations . . . the 1954 economic slum p . . . the Square D s tr ike , the ASR s itdow n s tr ik e . . . au tom ation developments . . . union conventions . . . changes in the cold w a r and “ peaceful coexistence” ta lk . . . the sw ing to the Dem ocrats and the con tro l o f the new Congress by Southern Dem ocrats . . . W a ll S tree t’s putch in G uatem ala . . . and m any o ther im p o rta n t events are treated.

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state, thus com ple te ly exposing C ollective leadership and se lf- vvhat a ty ra n n ica l bureaucracy c ritic ism are inseparable fro m exists in the CCP. genuine p a rty demoracy and hos-

In the wake o f the ' jju rg e o f t ile to bureaucracy. The Bolshe- Kao K ang and Jao Shu-shih, as v ik p a rty o f Len in shows us the in the wake o f the purge o f pa tte rn o f au then tic dem ocratic Beria in the USSR, the CCP cen tra lism . In be tra y in g Lenin, stresses the p rinc ip le o f collec- S ta lin b rough t the p a rty in the tive leadership, p a rty democracy, USSR in to the degeneration o f c rit ic is m , s e lf-c ritic ism , etc. A t bureaucratic cen tra lism , the same tim e the p a r ty ’s d isc i- Mao’s method is the counter­pane inspection com m ittees are pa rt o f S ta lin ’s. In his hands, replaced by cen tra l and local collective leadership, p a rty de­con tro l com m ittees to b r in g an mocracy, se lf-c ritic ism , etc., are end to sectionalism and e liqu ism . converted in to ins trum en ts fo r Rut under the bureaucratic p a rty deceiving the p a rty membership, system o f the CCP, no authentic o f p it t in g cadres against one co llective leadership, p a rty de- another,, o r fo rc in g confessions, mocracy, c ritic ism or s e lf-c r iti- se lf-denunciation and personal cisni is possible. ; lo y a lty from the low er-rank cad-

Real collective leadership man- res towards the higher, ifests its e lf in the f i r s t place I t should be s u ffic ie n t herein the p a r ty ’s C entra l C om m it- in exposing the a p pa lling cor- tee. O n ly by m a in ta in in g fu l l ru p tio n o f the CCP bureaucracy p a r t y democracy, p e rm itt in g and its be traya l o f the p rine i- free, open expression to v a ry - pies o f p a r ty democracy, col-in g po litica l and organ iza tiona l lective leadership and se lf- c r it i- tendencies, and assuring the par- cism, to note the fo llo w in g im - tic ip a tio n o f genuine representa- p o rta n t fa c t: tives o f the ran k and f i le in Going back to M ao’s K iangs i the Centra l Com m ittee can the period, the CCP in 27 years la tte r serve as a product o f held o n ly one Congress. (Thep a rty democracy and genuine ly S ix th was in Moscow in 1928, represent the w i l l o f the whole the Seventh in 1945.) Even the p a rty . Collective leadership can revised p a rty ru les and regu la- bo developed and p lay a ro le tions o f 1945 call fo r a Congress on ly on condition o f t r u th fu l ly every three years. Ten years m ir ro r in g the w il l o f the ma- have passed since then and s t i l l jo r i t y o f the p a rty . no E ig h th Congress.

For a Party in Lenin’s Tradition!W hat a s tr ik in g fa c t th a t in exercise no con tro l. In a p a rty

sp ite o f the g rea t changes in the deprived o f the con tro l o f its s itua tion in China, over the long membership, a C ontro l Comnnit- period o f 27 years, Mao con- tee n a tu ra lly becomes the hand- vened on ly one Congress! maiden o f the C entra l C om m it-

As the CCP is in power now, tee o r o ther to p -ra n k in g com- the technical d iff ic u lt ie s in ho ld- m ittees. In every reg iona l o r- in g a Congress can no longer ganization i t can on ly p lay the be used as an excuse. A nd the ro le o f a GPU fo r the Centra l fa c t th a t i t holds power would Com m ittee.seem to make a Congress a ll Kao K ang and Jao Shu-shihthe more urgen t. Y e t Mao pu ts are pu i.ged. T h is closes th e ir

chapter. B u t the purge o f th e ir Even C entra l Com m ittee m eet- cliques in the N o rtheas t and

ings are by-passed. A ccord ing East China w il l continue. The to present p a rty ru les, C en tra l event its e lf has shocked the en- Com m ittee meetings m ust be t ire country , especially the areas held every h a lf year. The Cen- d ire c tly involved. To the w ork- t ra l Com m ittee elected by the ers and peasants i t must occur Seventh Congress m et and then tha t many o ther Kao Kangs and did no t convene again u n t il 1949. Jao Shu-shihs s t i l l ex is t and The th ird m eeting was held in many more lik e them w ill ap- 1950, 'the fo u rth in 1954 (to pass pear.the reso lu tion on p a r ty u n ity ) . As fo r e liqu ism , th a t m ust be The gap between the f i r s t and considered p a r t o f the insu r- second meetings was fo u r years, m ountable cris is in the CCP. A t between the th ird and fo u rth , jts present stage e liqu ism is no t again fo u r years. oniy an in te rn a l a f fa ir o f the

E v id e n tly CCP po licy is no t CCP, bu t tends to develop in to determ ined by a co llective lead- the cris is o f CCP power and a t ersh ip bu t by Mao alone in con- the same tim e threatens the su lta tion w ith his closest fo l- Chinese revo lu tion , lowers. Mao is the h ighest bu r- F rom th is purge the Chinese eauerat in the CCP. He repre- w orkers and peasants should sents h im se lf as the w il l o f a i ean l the lesson th a t bureauc- rank “ and f i le o f s ix m illio n racy and eliquism cannot be members. W ho dares c ritic ize to le ra ted . O nly a p a r ty in the his ty ra n n ica l bureaucracy? au then tic tra d itio n o f Len in ’s

U nder such a tho ro ug h ly bu r- Bolshevism can g ive the van- eaucra tic p a rty system, the guard g e n u i n e revo lu tiona ry p a rty membership o f the CCP leadership.

T H E J H I E I T X N T 1— Page Three

Germany — A Key IssueIs the Kremlin ready to trade East Ger­

many at the Big Four conference table in return for some “ substantial” concessions from the Western powers?

Germany, both East and West, has been a coveted prize in the cold-war contest. A unified Germany, w ith its enormous in­dustrial potential, could play a decisive role in the outcome of the struggle for all Europe.

The question is: how w ill Germany be sonified? By the imperialist West through a diplomatic deal w ith the Kremlin?

Millions of American dollars have been poured into West Germany to restore the vigor of capitalism and install the reac­tionary Big Business Adenauer regime. Surely the Western imperialists want East Germany, i f fo r no other reason than to reinforce their plans fo r a rearmed Ger­many, pointed like a dagger at the heart of the Soviet Union.

There is another reason why the Western bloc wants East Germany w ith in the capitalist orbit. I t would open a gateway fo r them to the whole of Eastern Europe; they could press the ir campaign for a return to capitalist rule from the Baltic to the Balkans w ith much greater force — and beyond Eastern Europe lies the Soviet Union!

In the light of these obvious calculations would the Kremlin dare to trade East Ger­many in return fo r diplomatic and eco­nomic trade concessions? The Kremlin has been hinting quite broadly that i t is w illing to make a deal on Germany — even over the heads of the puppet Stalinist East German regime.

And the Kremlin is quite capable of pushing the East German workers across the 'conference board like so many chips in a poker game and saying, “ We offer 18 million Germans, what w ill you give?”

The men of the Kremlin do not speak as revolutionary representatives of the work­

ing class in the countries that have eliminated capitalist rule. As a privileged parasitic caste, the ir rule in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe depends on police terror. In the Soviet Union they usurped power by destroying the workers’ democratic institutions erected by the October 1917 revolution. In Eastern Europe they came to power through a deal w ith the Western imperialists after World War I I ; in return fo r guaranteeing the security of capitalism from revolution in Western Europe they got territo ria l con cessions in Eastern Europe. They estab­lished the ir rule in the East European countries by crushing all manifestations of independent working class movement, f Thus the Kremlin cannot rely on sup­

port from the working masses in the coun­tries they dominate. Like all labor bureau­crats they fear the masses, and w ith good reason. Not relying on the working class, the Kremlin looks more and more to maneuvers w ith the capitalists to solve its problems.

So it is entirely possible that the cynical Kremlin gang would under certain condi­tions agree to sh ift the East German work­ers into the capitalists’ hands like so many pawns.

The East German workers, however, have served notice in advance that they have thfeir own plans. In June 1953 they rose in a huge general strike against the Stalinist masters in East Germany. This movement, which embraced the whole in­dustrial working class, was clearly and emphatically anti-capitalist and completely refuted the fable that the East German workers were yearning fo r a return to capitalism.

Thus, as fa r as the German workers are concerned, the unification of Germany is not to be entrusted either to the Kremlin or the Western capitalists; i t is the job of the entire German working class.

Liberals and HypocrisyAdlai Stevenson, darling of the liberals,

is again busy courting votes. W ith his eye on the 1956 presidential race, he addressed the recent convention of the National Educational Association.

In addition to many prettily-phrased platitudes about what a fine thing educa­tion was and a few cautious endorsements of academic freedom, the speech was .mainly a criticism of Eisenhower’s aid-to- education program and a counterposing of what Stevenson would do i f elected. No one interested in education can object to offers to increase federal appropriations to build more schools, adequately equip them and pay teachers decent wages.

I t should be kept in mind, however, that out-of-office politicians are inclined to make generous promises that are forgotten or considerably wittled down when they get elected J Moreover, no small responsibility fo r the present condition of America’s schools rests squarely on the Democratic administrations of Roosevelt and Truman.

In one brief, hasty paragraph in his speech, Stevenson touched a subject he has hitherto avoided like the plague.

Stevenson, the great liberal, warned against mixing the Jim Crow school issue up w ith school aid. Making acceptance of school desegregation, which the U.S. Supreme Court says is required by the constitution, a condition fo r a state to receive federal aid, Stevenson argued, “ would delay realization of our hopes and expectations on either or both o f these vita l fronts. In the long run segregation and discrimination, like other obsolete

heritages, -will yield quickest to the gen­eral advance of education.”

This is the purest hypocrisy. Stevenson is against any desegregation condition for school aid because he is shamelessly court­ing the white-supremacist politicians of the South. His shying away from the sub­ject of desegregation fo r so long, when he was never at a loss fo r words on anything else, was also part of his obscene flirta tion with the Dixiecrats. When he does speak, it is to say that continuation of Jim Crow schools, and the ir subsidization by federal funds, w ill “ in the long run” most quickly end segregation and discrimination.

A more honest voice was heard the same week from Mississippi. A voice whidh does not pretend to be liberal. I t was a statement of the conservative w riter and Nobel prize winner, W illiam Faulkner. He said, “ Our present [Mississippi] schools are- not even good enough fo r white folks. So what do we do? Make them good enough, improve them to the best possible? No, we beat the bushes, rake and scrape to raise additional taxes to establish another [Jim Crow] system at best only equal to that one which is already not good enough, which therefore won’t be good enough for Negroes either; we w ill have two identical systems, neither of which is good enough fo r anybody.”

But this is precisely what Stevenson urges: give federal funds to Mississippi so it can build more Jim Crow schools, which w ill be inferior and thus help keep the “ white only” schools of Mississippi in­ferior.

War Tension and “Our LawlessBy Joyce Cowley

In the las t few m onths I ’ve seen any num ber o f excellent p rogram s to combat delinquency. F o r example, le t ’s take the H e r­ald T ribu ne ’s recent series on ‘‘O ur Lawless Y outh .” They tack le the problem fro m the standpoint o f im m edia te action, as well as long range perspec­tives. Here’s a b r ie f rundown on what they say is w rong and w hat we should do about i t — r ig h t aw ay:

(1) Police departm ent — many policemen are un tra ined fo r w ork w ith juven iles and inclined to use the “ boat ’em up” method. (2) Too many young people “ un­reached” by the program s o f pub lic and p riva te agencies. (3) N o t enough proba tion workers. (4 ) In s u ff ic ie n t d iagnostic fa ­c ilit ie s . (5 ) Too m any judges appointed fo r p o litica l reasons. (6 ) Inadequate detention fa c il i­ties. (7 ) In su ffic ie n t fos te r homes. (8 ) In s titu t io n s fo r de linquents are in e ffe c t “ tra in in g schools fo r crim e.” (9) N o t enough job opportun ities fo r paroled boys. (10) Lack o f coordination be­tween social agencies and gov- e r n m e n t departm ents. (11) Money.

I am p a rtic u la r ly interested in th is last po in t, which was fo l­lowed by (he com m ent: “ Given the same am ount o f money it took to develop the atom bomb we m igh t go a long way toward so lv ing the problem o f juven ile delinquency.”

iSo f irs t we take care o f im ­m ediate tasks like re tra in in g the police and supp ly ing b igge r and

The Hand Behind the GovernmentOne of the main vehicles through which

Big Business runs the U.S. government, the Business Advisory Council, is now being submitted to an investigation by the House A n ti-trust subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee.

Representative Emanuel Celler, Brook­lyn Democrat, is heading the investiga­tion. He wants to know “ how much in­fluence the BAC has had” in the forma­tion of government policy, and why the group gets rent-free offices in the De­partment of Commerce building in Wash­ington.

Membership in the BAC, limited to about 250, is divided into “ active” and “ graduate” members. The la tter includes many cabinet members, past and present.

The lis t of “ active” members reads like the Who’s Who in Big Business. I t in­cludes: Henry Ford the Second, Harlow H. Curtice, General'Motors president; Gen. Lucius D. Clay from the Continental Can Company; Benjamin F. Fairless, director of U.S. Steel; Sidney J. Weinberg, senior partner of Goldman Sachs and Company, a Wall Street investment house, Harold Boeschenstein, president of Libbey-Owens- Ford Glass Company and a host of other industrial tycoons.

While the Council meets six times a year fo r one-day sessions, twice a year they hold a three-day parley in which Cabinet members participate behind closed doors. The function of the Council is to advise the government on policy matters.

A spokesman fo r the Eisenhower Ad­ministration, wishing to defend the Repub­licans from the charge of domination by Big Business, reminded Celler that the BAC was f irs t organized under the Roosevelt administration in 1933. The BAC is non-partisan and includes Demo­crats as well as Republicans — Averell Harriman is a “ graduate.”

We socialists would like very much to see the activities of these industrial tycoons exposed. But we doubt that the investigation of the real policy-makers in Washington w ill go very far. I t would serve to prove our contention tha t both Democrats and Republicans are the parties of Big Business and in all important matters do the ir bidding.

The investigation could serve as a very instructive lesson fo r students of Capital­ist government — the kind of lesson that isn’t taught in the public schools.

Score FBI Role In Dixon-Yates

When the c ity o f M emphis announced th a t it. was go ing to bu ild its own m un ic ipa l power p lant ra th e r than be served by the D ixon-Y ates u t i l i t y com­bine. the A tto rn e y General d is ­patched a crew o f F B I agents “ to conduct an in q u iry in to the good fa ith o f the M ayor and the C ity Commission o f M emphis.” T h is brazen use o f the F B I to fr ig h te n o r smear c ity o ff ic ia ls opposing the ad­m in is tra tio n ’s a ttem pt to d is­m antle the T V A fo r the benefit o f the u t i l i t y m agnates evoked widespread c ritic ism from the Dem ocrats. “ Police s f a F e Gestapo act . . . p o litica l shock troops,” were a few o f the outcries. The F B I has long been used as a po litica l police againt rad ica ls and labor m il i­tan ts but the Democrats never hollered.

be tte r detention homes. B u t th a t js not enough, fo r the H era ld T ribune b rings up a num ber o f m ore d i f f ic u lt social problem s and says th a t i f we re a lly w ant to e lim ina te delinquency, w e’ll have to w ork a t them , too. F o r instance:

(1 ) W orld tensions— “ A n y ac­t iv i t y wh ich aim s a t the e lim in ­ation o f w o rld tensions m ay have its u ltim a te e ffe c t on juven ile delinquency.” (2) M a te ria l em­phasis o f Am erican society — “ The tra d itio n a l concepts o f tru th , goodness and beauty p lay precious l i t t le p a rt in A m erican life today.” . (3 ) Popu la tion changes w ith in the c ity due to economic f lu x and e th n ic ' sh ifts . (This" one m ay be a l i t t le ob­scure bu t its the old c ry o f the ca p ita lis t newspapers about a ll these Puerto Ricans com ing in and increasing race tensions.) (4 ) D isso lu tion o f com m unity fee lin g—“ N e ighbors are no long­e r ne ighbors.” (5 ) Too many fam ilies are em otiona lly sp lin ­tered— “ I t i s ' im p o rta n t to find some w ay o f arousing in te res t in the subject among apathetic, harassed, pove rty -s tricken o r i l ­lite ra te fa the rs and m others.” (6) Slum environm ents and in ­adequate housing— “ The ‘juven ile subcultu re ’ o f the stree t gang is usua lly openly hostile to the m ora l values to which m iddle- class Am ericans w a n t adoles­cents to ad jus t.” (7 ) The schools. (8) Inadequate recreation fa c il­ities. (9 ) Newspapers, comic books, movies and te levision. (10) Inadequate public concern. HO W TO DO IT

I ’m eager to find out how the H era ld T ribune is p lann ing to reduce w orld tensions, e lim inate slums and bu ild enough schools. Th is is w ha t’s w rong w ith A L L the reports I ’ve read. They lis t causes and even te ll you what should be done but they don’t te ll you HO W to do it . They make a lo t o f proposals like e lim in a tin g slums and then ad­m it th a t fo r centuries social re ­fo rm ers have been te llin g us to get r id o f them. We can meas­ure th e ir success by the report o f a responsible housing o ffic ia l, Charles Abram s, who says tha t every year in New Y ork C ity 2,500 people— m ostly babies— are b itte n by rats.

■If th is is no t too encouraging, the outlook fo r in tro du c ing con­cepts o f tru lth , goodness and beauty in to A m erican li fe seems even bleaker than th a t o f be tte r housing. In fac t, i f you check over the T ribu ne ’s ra th e r accur­ate appra isa l o f w h a t’s w rong and then rea lize how long these conditions have existed and how l i t t le has been done to change them, you m ig h t reach the con­clusion th a t no one has been t ry in g ve ry hard. Has there been a rea l e ffo r t, fo r instance, to '

reeducate policemen So they won’t use the “ beat-’em -up” m ethod? W ha t about p o in t 11— money ? Have ou r local and na­tio n a l leaders, alarm ed a t the sharp rise o f juven ile crim e, appropria ted la rge sums fo r schools, recreational fa c ilit ie s and diagnostic centers?

The T ribune has done a good job o f po in ting out what holes ought to be plugged, but they oan ’t te ll us where to lay our hands on necessary m ateria ls and personnel fo r th is w ork. W hile they ta lk and w rite about it , teen-age gangs continue to flou rish . In rage and despair, young people are dem onstra ting th e ir re jection and defiance o f a society th a t they fee l has re ­jected them.

They are usua lly described as “ deprived” ch ild ren and i t ’s cer­ta in ly tru e th a t they have m iss­ed ou t on a lo t o f th ings tha t they need— good schools, decent housing, space to p lay and grow. B u t above a ll they have been deprived o f confidence in them ­selves and th e ir fu tu re .

IS T H E R E HO PE?I don’t suppose most o f these

youngsters would say th a t the H-bom b o r the prospect o f an­o ther w ar is th e ir b iggest p rob­lem. When you g ro w up in a w orld a t w ar, you don’t have to th in k about i t much to make i t a problem — i t ’s always there. The d ra ft has always been there, too, as fa r back as you can re ­call. B u t when a k id accepts the

d ra ft , the next w a r and H-bom bs as a rou tine and inev itab le p a rt o f life , he hasn’t “ ad justed” to them. He has s im p ly lo s t a ll hope.

There is one way out. The greed, violence and co rru p tio n o f ca p ita lis t society are not “ n a tu ra l” conditions th a t are here to stay. We must show young people an a lte rn a tive and convince them tha t happy and constructive liv in g is a re a lis tic po ss ib ility . We can rebuild our w orld and replace the anarchy o f com petition w ith socia list co­operation. Then we’l l find tha t we are a t last ca tch ing up w ith the demand fo r more policemen, more detention homes and more trea tm ent centers, because we won’t have much need fo r them.

Shortest Steel S trike

Our Readers Take the Floor

Wall StreetE d ito r:

T h is poem was w r itte n by a young Socia lis t student who lives in Seattle, W ash. He would like to see i t published in the M il i ­ta n t.

C. K .Seattle, Wash.

W a ll S treet, banker o f pork-chop row ,B leeder o f babies, and m aker o f broken backs:Do you ye t fee l the breezes

su rg in g fo rw a rd ?Do you hear a chorus, an

increasing w indMade by hundreds o f m illio ns

o f w a i'-w orn voices?Voices fro m H ong Kong,

Kansas C ity , and Rio,Voices o f fa rm ers, c le rks,

and soldiers,O ver the roa r o f N iaga ra , over

the din o f machines;W eary song, cadence by the

shu ffle o f h u ng ry fo lk M oving ever fo rw a rd to f i l l

th e ir destinies.Calloused hands g r ip p in g p ick

and sledge — Comrades Pressing on, a job, some good

and honest w o rk to do.Then like a collosal lum berm an, They w il l crush W a ll S tre e t to

rubble and dust.•Fo? them a job to do, fo r

them a destiny, fo r them a m ust.

O W a ll S treet, O slave and w a r s tre e t:

Do vou hear the r is in g w ind ?R. L.

How the Boss Steals MinutesE d ito r:

A t our shop, instead o f h ir in g a re g u la r n ig h t forem an, the company has a salesman in charge. E ve ry n ig h t a d iffe re n t salesman. Each one o f them has tr ic k s up h is sleeve to t r y to get m ore w o rk fro m the men.

One p a rtic u la r salesman has the idea th a t i f you keep hound­in g the men long enough * you

can brow -beat them in to p ro ­ducing m ore w ork . E ve ry tim e I stop m y machine, fo r any reason, he rushes over and asks, “ W h a t’s the m a tte r? ” N o t on ly tha t, bu t he stays by a machine and watches the men w o rk . H e’ll s tay there fo r a w h ile and then go to another machine.

The men to le ra te th a t. Some o f them v iew these an tics w ith amusement. B u t the one t r ic k th a t rouses the men to anger is the p e tty p i lfe r in g o f m inutes o f tim e. The salesmen, a lm ost a ll o f them , seem to lik e the idea o f b low ing the siren a fe w m in ­utes la te fo r lunch and a t q u it­t in g tim e. Once as much as 3 m inutes la te fo r lunch.

One n ig h t one o f the sales­men blew the s iren tw o m inutes la te a t q u it t in g tim e and one o f the men was re a lly sore. “ I missed m y tra in by ju s t a m in ­ute,” he to ld us the n e x t da^. “ A m inute means a lo t a t n ig h t. I had to w a it u n t il 12:30 fo r the next tra in . I d idn ’t ge t home t i l l two. Boy th a t burns me up.” A no the r one said, “ D id you notice when he blew the siren a fe w m inutes la te fo r lunch th a t he was r ig h t to the second on i t to go back to w o rk ?” A th ird w o rke r rem arked, “ You have to w atch those guys, you can’t t ru s t them .”

Now the men keep th e ir eyes on the clock. I f one can’t watch i t he asks someone else to keep an eye o u t fo r the tim e . The salesmen notice th is “ clock w a tch in g ” and they resent it . They t r y to ignore the tim e and when a w o rke r rem inds them o f the tim e they ask, “ W h a t are you, a clock w a tch e r? ”

The company h ired some new men fo r the n ig h t s h if t and one o f the f i r s t th in gs the w orkers warned the new men about was th is p e tty p ilfe r in g o f m inutes. “ You have to w atch these com­pany men lik e hawks,” one warned, “ You ju s t can’t t ru s t them .”

J. M .N ew Y o rk

Some 600,000 stee lw orkers staged th e shortest na tionw ide s tr ik e in h is to ry as ba rga in ing dead­line passed June 30. U.S. Steel came to te rm s w ith the union a mere 12 hours a fte r the w a lkou t began. Here s tr ik in g U.S. Steel workers are shown p icke ting p lan t a t G ary, Ind .

...British Dockers(Continued from page 1)

em men and the previous ac­t iv it ie s o f the S ta lin is ts and tilie London leaders described in m y las t a rtic le have com plete ly d is ­credited them. They have r ig h t ly earned the angi-y contem pt o f the dockers in the N o rth e rn po rts and o f the m a jo r ity o f the London m embership o f the N A K D U which rem ains a m il ita n t force.

In fac t, the m a jo r ity o f dockers returned to w o rk yesterday, not on the in s tru c tion s o f the London leaders, but. because tihe leader­ship in the N orthe rn po rts and the m il ita n t ra n k and f i le leader­ship in London decided i t was necessary to in s titu te a s tra teg ic w ithd raw a l.

I t was necessary, they con­cluded, to re tu rn to w ork in order to preserve forces, to preserve u n ity w ith the rank and f ile o f the T & G who had supported the s trugg le lo y a lly but were now under great pressure a fte r six weeks o f sacrifice . I t was neces­sary also, in order to g ive the London m ilita n ts tim e to clean up the union in London.

E ig h t thousand dockers m eet­in g in L ive rpoo l re ite ra ted th e ir in ten tion o f rem a in ing members o f the “ b lue” union — the NAISDU. They announced in the reso lu tion they passed, th a t they would c a rry on the f ig h t fo r “ recogn ition ” as a un ited force w ith th e ir comrades in o ther •ports and would continue the s trugg le aga inst “ a ll those who opposed and underm ined our f ig h t fo r recogn ition .”

A clear p ic tu re o f the s p ir it o f these dockers a fte r week® o f hardsh ip was given in the com­ment o f the M anchester Guardian repo rte r who attended a* m eeting in Manchester. In yeste rday’s paper he w ro te : “ As in M ersey­side (and, i t seem®, in accordance w ith the new general p o licy o f the “ b lue un ion” in the N o rthe rn p o rts ), the re tre a t was made in good order and the language was as f irm and as m il ita n t as i t has been a t any tim e in the la s t six weeks. . .

“ No one, fro m the cheerfulness o f the crowd, would have guessed th a t i t was the end o f a six-week s tr ike .”

Tn H u ll the men were m arch ing back to w ork when they heard tha t one o f th e ir leaders had been v ic tim ized. Im m ed ia te ly they began to stream o f f the docks again. They re turned when th e ir leader was h a s tily o ffe red a job.

The f ig h t o f these 20,000 dock­ers has earned the adm ira tion of every' B r it is h trade union m il i ­tan t. The dockers on the Mersey, in M anchester and in H u ll have claimed the NAISDU as the irs . They and the m a jo r ity o f its m em ­bership in London are determ ined to make i t the m ilita n t, demo­cra tic union they w a n t and eradicate the fr igh te ne d men and d o w n righ t tra ito rs fro m its leadership.

The Strike has already shown th a t the men in the N o rth have a leadership w o rth y o f the s p ir it and de term ination o f the rank and f i le — leadens who can not on ly advance b u t who know when to re trea t, keep tihe forces in ta c t and prepare to h i t the enemy ha rde r in the fu tu re . Now the m ilita n ts in London are o rgan iz ing to remove those here who un­derm ined th is s tru g g le fro m the beginning.

W O M E N A R E T H E M A IN T A R G E T o f the governm ent o f Saudi A ra b ia in its e f fo r t tosuppress g ro w in g revo lu tiona ry tendencies among the people. They w ill no longer be pe rm itted fo re ig n tra ve l even w ith hus­bands o r even fo r reasons o fhealth . A ll schools fo r g ir ls th roughou t the coun try have bceii closed. In add ition , students at o the r A rab ia n schools have a ll been ordered to r e tu r n .____

• v + *

A T IG H T S E C U R IT Y B L A C K ­O U T m arked the m eeting o fm il ita ry advisors to SEATO m eeting in Bangkok J u ly 6. N. Y. T im es correspondent,. Robert A lden, .said, “ The secu rity cloak th row n about the m eeting served to th w a rt, a t least in p a rt, e f­fo r ts o f sm all A s ian member countries to emphasize the fa c t th a t the tre a ty is s tr ic t ly a de­fensive agreem ent.”

* * *B R IT IS H K E N Y A P O L IC E

massacred 303 Man Mau in th e ir June d rive to repress the A fr ic a n independence movement.

* * *

M O RE T H A N F IV E T H O U ­S A N D W O R KER S in France shu t down auto p lan ts and steel m ills in s trikes fo r h igh e r wages on J u ly 6.

* * *J A P A N E S E O F F IC IA L

DODGES Q U E S T IO N o f g ro w in g an ti-U .S . fe e lin g in Japan. Mas- ayu k i T an i, adviso r to the Jap ­anese F ore ign O ffice, was ques­tioned by reporte rs as to w hy the governm ent had no t openly oppqSed dem onstra tions o f the people p i-o testing U.S. a r t i l le ry practice in areas th a t have been t ra d it io n a lly used by the Jap ­anese themselves. M r. T an i re ­plied w ith a resta tem ent o f o f­fic ia l p ro -A m erican po licy.

* * *

FO O D IS F L O W N TO V IL ­LA G E S in the remote p a rts o f B r it is h Colum bia, Canada, as a s tr ik e o f seamen shuts o f f a ll sh ipp ing. The Seaman’s In te r ­na tiona l U n ion has been ne go ti­a tin g a year fo r tw e lve and a h a lf per cent increase in wages and m ore ove r-tim e pay.

* * *

B E L G IA N DOCK S T R IK E C O N T IN U E S . Unions have re ­fused to negotia te the demands o f 14,000 longshoremen because the s tr ik e is "unau tho rized .” Dock w orkers demand th a t new w orkers be included in social se­c u r ity system.

* * *

S T R IK E W A V E IN A U S ­T R A L IA has grown to include 9,000. Sidney, A u s tra lia ’s la rges t c ity has been m ost seriously a f ­fected w ith newspaper, gas and m eat w o rkers on s tr ike . M a jo r naval dockyards are also closed.

* * *S E D A T IV E S make up one th ird

o f a ll prescrip tions issued under the na tiona l hea lth plan a B r it is h health conference revealed, one p sych ia tr is t described the country as “ a na tion liv in g on its nerves.”

* * *C H U R C H O F F IC IA L S now

have new stand ing in the Soviet U n ion. The a n ti - re lig iou s cam

pa ign was stopped by a C entra l Com m ittee decree la s t Novem ber w h i l e a the is tic propagandists wore ins truc ted to c a n y on th e ir w o rk w ith a m in im um o f offense to belipvers o r c lergym en. Church d ign ita rie s now ra n k ju s t below top po litica l and m il ita ry men a t receptions, and above members o f the Academ y o f Sciences.

* * *T E A C H E R S S T R IK E IN

COSTA R IC A . The teachers-de* mand increased salaries over the present ra te o f $50 o r less a month.

* * *

SOM E 9,000 B R A Z I L I A N DO C KW O R KER S and 3,000 ad­m in is tra tio n w o rkers ended th e ir s ix -day s tr ik e J u ly 6 a f te r be ing granted a 25% wage increase, a C hris tm as bonus o f one-m onth’s pay and prom ise o f another 5% pay ra ise to be considered la te r.

* * *

O LD C Z A R IS T BO NDS rose sha rp ly on the U jS. s tockm arke t J u ly 7 to double the level o f las t January . These bonds were repudiated by the S oviet Gov­ernm ent a t the tim e o f the 1917 Russian revo lu tion . M a rke t an­a lys ts say the bonds are being sold a t a rap id c lip because o f the fo rth co m in g B ig F o u r nego­tia tio n s a t Geneva.

* * *

W ORST P O LIO E P ID E M IC IN T E N Y E A R S has h it Puerto Rico, a ffe c tin g m ostly ch ildren between s ix m onths and tw o years o f age. Between Novem ­ber o f la s t year and June o f th is yea r 501 cases have beenreported. No Salk vaccine isava ilab le in P uerto Rico.

* * *

P H IL IP P IN E G O V E R N M E N Tinvestiga tors , appointed by Pres­iden t Ramon M agsaysay, cha rg ­ed th a t U . S. N avy o ff ic ia ls were tre a tin g F ilip in o s oppres­s ive ly a t a naval reservation on Subic Bay, f i f t y m iles no rthw est o f M an ila . The in ves tiga to rs found th a t F ilip in o s a t the na­va l base were be ing subjected to outdated and excessive ta x a ­tion and were barred fro m p a r­tic ip a tio n in c iv ilia n com m unity life , am ong o ther d isc rim in a to ry practices.

* * *

J A P A N E S E T A X P A Y E R S go t a b re a th ing spell when w orkers in the tax departm ent w en t on a s it-dow n s tr ik e fo r h igh e r pay and sum m er bonuses.

« * *

A S O U TH A F R IC A N NEG RO C O LLE G E was reopened J u ly 4 a fte r a tw o m onth shu t down. F o r t H a re Colege, the on ly a ll- N egro college in the U n ion o f South A fr ic a , was closed in de f­in ite ly M ay 4 a f te r o ff ic ia ls charged th a t students had seized con tro l o f the in s titu t io n . Three hundred and tw e n ty students- were expelled a t the tim e. When; the college reopened on ly 15(1 o f these were back.

For on ly $1.25 you can get a one-year subscrip tion to the M a rx is t q u a rte r ly , F o u rth In ­te rna tiona l, 116 U n iv e rs ity PI., New Y o rk 8, N . Y .

The Negro Struggle- ■■ By George Lavan ----------------------------

The Desegregation Fight in GeorgiaIn Georgia the State Board of Education

on July 11 unanimously adopted a resolu­tion providing fo r the automatic revoca­tion of the teaching certificates “ for life ” of any teachers who “ support, encourage, condone or offer to teach or teach [racially] mixed classes.”

George P. Whitman, chairman of the Georgia Board of Education told a N. Y.

•Post reporter: “ That damned Supreme Court ruling isn’t going to stand up in Georgia. We’ll close all our schools i f we have to. One th ing ’s certain; we aren’t going to have mixed classes, and we are serving notice on our teachers that they’d better not teach sutch classes.”

The action of the Georgia Board of Education not only shows the m ajority attitude of the local authorities who are supposed to apply the Supreme Court decision to themselves in “ good fa ith ,” but is an attempt to terrorize Negro teachers.

In many areas, particularly rural ones, teachers form an important part of the present leadership of the Negro commu­nity. This is not only because of their formal education but because of their salaried or professional status. The white supremacists have marked them down as particularly vulnerable to pressure. Here­tofore there have been plenty of threats that desegregation would mean mass fir ing of Negro teachers, principals, etc.

The overwhelming bulk of Negro teach­ers in the South have borne themselves courageously in the face of these threats and have been prominent in demanding desegregation. Now the Georgia officials have moved the threat up a notch. Not fir in g i f desegregation comes about, but

the fir ing of any Georgia teachers, “ who support, condone or o ffe r to teach” Negro and white classes, is the ultimatum.

This is in part a response to in itiative taken by the Negro people who are filing petitions w ith local school boards through­out the Southern states demanding action on desegregation.

Typical of these petitions is one filed by 17 parents of Negro schoolchildren in Savannah, Georgia. A fte r citing the- Su­preme Court decision, the petition says: “ We, therefore, call upon you to take immediate steps to reorganize the public schools under your jurisdiction on a^non- discriminatory basis. As we understand it, you have the responsibility to reorganize the school systems under your control so that the children of public school age attending and entitled to attend public schools cannot be denied admission to any school or be required to attend any school solely because of race and color . . . you are duty bound to take immediate con­crete steps leading to early elimination of segregation in the public schools.”

These petitions, .called fo r by the Na­tional Association fo r the Advancement of Colored People, w ill lay the basis fo r court action i f the schools open in September without any desegregation steps 'having been taken. v

Another necessary step is one suggested at the recent NAACP convention. Any Negro teachers victimized fo r advocating desegregation w ill have to be protected from economic hardship and found equally good jobs elsewhere. In view of the teacher shortage throughout the country jo in t planning by the NAACP, teachers’ organ­izations and the labor movement should be able to provide for this.

Prosperity for All?--------------------------- By Robert Chester ----------------------------

“ Stocks boom,” “ Employment at peak,” “ Record auto production,” “ Prosperity for all,” the newspaper headlines scream in their never ending e ffo rt to prove the v ir ­tues of capitalism. While economic condi­tions ride a crest, like during the current boom, these assertions m ight sound plausi­ble. But are things as bright as they claim, even in these lush days?

Government economists, when pressed, admit to a seamier side of American life. Child labor, fo r example, has been a per­manent part of the capitalist industrial scene. The f irs t factory in this country was staffed mainly by child workers. Today they are s till among the most cruelly ex­ploited sections of labor.

Take the case of a 13-year-old Wash­ington boy, as reported in the March Machinists Journal, who was hailed before the judge for stealing one hundred dollars. “ I got so mad,” the boy said, “ because I worked from 3 P.M. to 3 A.M. for 75c. that when I found the money, I took it .” Of take the case of a school boy, aged 14 who worked as a dishwasher from 9 P.M. to 7 A.M. and fell asleep in class regularly.

In October 1953 two million youngsters 14 through 17 years of age were employed, and two out of three of these were enrolled in school. One out of seven of this group worked 35 horn's or more.

What drives these kids to go out after substandard jobs, sometimes at grueling hours and often in hazardous occupations ? I t is not love of work, for the m ajority of jobs are tedious and menial. Seldom is it simply fo r spending money since so many jobs are at low wages. Generally it is poverty, dire need at home, that drives them out to look for anything that can

raise some cash.“ Nearly nine million children belong to

families whose average income is less than $40 a week,” reports the National Child Labor Committee, and “ about three and a half million come from families whose earnings average even less than $20 a week.” In more than half of the 48 states children of 14 can quit school and go to work. Many thousands more under four­teen are employed illegally, while others are not covered by exemptions from federal law.

One of the worst blots on American life is the plight of children of m igratory workers. There are at least half a million migrant farm workers and their children who d r if t from state to state following the harvests and starving in between. Average family earnings are about $520 a year. (The minimum for a decent subsistence budget fo r a family of four, as estimated by the Department of Labor, is between $3,812 and $4,454). They are excluded from the federal minimum wage law, social security and workmen’s compensa­tion acts. Child labor laws seldom apply or are applied to these underprivileged children. Twenty states have no minimum age fo r employment in agriculture.

Working against fatigue, induced by long hours and hard work causes an unusually high number of accidents. Even i f they continue school, and it takes the exceptional child to stand up under the pace, they are at a great disadvantage. Their ability to learn and participate limited, their tendency is to leave school at an early age, find some kind of fu ll­time work and become low-paid workers the rest df their lives.

Notes from the NewsT H E L A B O R -H A T IN G K O H L E R C O M P A N Y

o f W isconsin was unable to unload a cargo o f c lay fro m E ng land ait Sheboygan, W isconsin. Three thousand an g ry residents o f th is p o rt town, th o ro ug h ly fa m il ia r w ith the ty ra n n y o f the com pany, stopped the “ h o t" cargo. When the K oh le r Com pany ne x t sent the ship o f clay to M ilw aukee, the W isconsin C IO threatened- a general s tr ik e in the state. Charles Schultz, state CIO president said “ i t would be a disgrace to labor in M ilwaukee i f th is ship were unloaded here."

» * *P R O S P E C TIV E JURORS in New Y o rk C ity

cannot serve u n t il they have signed an oath th a t they are no t subversive, the Com missioner o f Ju ro rs has ru led.

* * *S E G R E G A TIO N IS L E G A L on the A tla n ta ,

Georgia, pub lic g o lf courses, ru led the F if th

CorrectionThe a rtic le in las t week’s issue on new con­

tract. gains fo r seamen contained a typo - . g raph ica l e rro r which conveyed the false im ­

pression tha t seamen are no t covered by state unem ploym ent insurance laws. A c tu a lly the seamen’s unions won unem ploym ent insurance

-coverage some years ago. However, because o f techn ica lities re lated to the trans ien t na ture o f the seamen’s ca lling , many w orkers have been deprived o f th e ir compensation. According to the N M U , as much as 50% o f th e ir mem­bership have been losing out. because o f these techn ica lities. The new con tracts go a long way

-tow a rd correcting these inequities. — Ed.

C irc u it C ourt o f Appeals, June 17. T h is verd ic t upheld the decision o f U jS. D is tr ic t Judge Boyd Sloan th a t A t la n ta m ust a llow Negroes on its pub lic g o lf courses b u t could app ly its segrega­tion laws by se ttin g aside specific tim e fo r colored go lfe rs.

* ♦ «E A S T CO AST LO N G S H O R E M E N CO N­

D E M N E D the W a te rfro n t Commission o f New Y o rk H a rbo r as “ a m odified fo rm o f fascism — state con tro l o f labor.’’ Two hundred delegates to a three-day convention o f the D is tr ic t Council o f the I.L .A ., J u ly 6, cheered as P a trick J. Con­no lly pledged the un ion to “ f ig h t the commission u n t il i t is w iped ou t."

* * *

TH E MESCALERO APA C H E IN D IA N S ofsouthern New M exico have demanded the re tu rn o f 27,730 acres o f land near th e ir reservation. The area was ceded to the Federal Governm ent a cen tury ago as a loan. The Federal Government ended its use o f the land in 1053. L ivestock in ­terests in New Mexico dispute the Ind ia n ’s cla im to th e land, saying, “ They don’t have enough sheep o r oa ttle to p u t i t to p roductive use*” O live r La Fhrge head o f the na tion -w ide Association on Am erican Ind ians po in ts ou t th a t “ had the cession been made by w h ite men there would be no Question about its re tu rn ; b u t since the Mescailero Apaches are Ind ians, a lo t o f people who w a n t the land fo r themselves ju s t can’ t stand the idea o f re tu rn in g “i t to its r ig h t fu l owners.”

* * *

C R E E P IN G S O C IA L IS M ? Los Angeles now boasts o f a Pet H ea lth Plan. F o r $20 a yea r your dog o r eat can be enrolled in a prepa id hosp ita l plan which includes m edical and surg ica l t re a t­ment.

the MILITANTV O L U M E X IX M O N D A Y , J U L Y 18, 1955 N U M B E R 29

No T im e to P la y

A ten year old C a lifo rn ia cotton w orker (above) is shown dragg ing a 35 lb. sack o f cotton. For the product o f his fo u r- hour’s labor, he collected $1.15, g iv in g him a wage o f less than 29c. per hour. Scenes like th is are prevalent a ll over the U n ited States. Tw en ty states have no m in im um age fo r em ploym ent in a g ricu ltu re . V io la tions o f ex is ting laws are frequen t in o ther states.

RACIST SCHEME TO END TRUMBULL PARK BARED

By Shevi Shaw. A fte r two years of anti-Negro violence, riots and

tension, at Trumbull Park Housing Project, the Chicago officials are welcoming a proposed ordinance which would close the pro ject. T h is ordinance,-®-------------------------------------------------------o ff ic ia lly proposed by the C h i­cago Housing A u th o r ity , is be­ing hailed by c ity o ff ic ia ls and the rac is t groups as a concrete solution to the T ru m b u ll P ark problem . The ordinance would pe rm it the C H A to acquire t it le to two fe d e ra lly owned low -ren t housing pro jects in another area — and would also enable the CHA to sell its p rope rties to p riva te in terests.

For those who are fa m ilia r w ith the T ru m b u ll P ark s itu a ­tion and (he behind-the-scenes facts, i t is obvious tha t not only a fake answer to an ti-N egro te rro rism is involved here, but also a neat l i t t le plan to abolish federa lly owned low-rent, hous­ing.

The two purposes o f th is o r ­dinance are: (1) e lim in a tio n of rac ia l s tr ife by re tu rn in g areas to a ll-w h ite residents, thus g ra n tin g the m a jo r ob jective of the K la n -like race te rro r is ts ; (2) se lling a ll federa l properties to p riva te real estate in terests in order to provide more areas Of p ro f i t fo r these interests.

W HO SE ID E A W AS IT ?T h is ordinance has been rec­

ommended by the C ity Council’s P lann ing and Housing C om m it­tee. I t received the approval o f the Police Commissioner, T im o­th y J. O’C tm nor, who was quoted as saying i t was a “ w onderfu l idea.” M ayo r Daley has stated th a t he would investiga te the proposed ordinance, and three lead ing aldermen o f the C ity Council have g iven th e ir whole­hearted endorsement.

The ordinance orig ina ted fro m a proposal made by the South- town Econom ist, a newspaper which represents the polic ies o f a w h ite -suprem acist o rgan iza­tion — the South Deering Im ­provem ent Association (S D IA ). Th is o rgan iza tion is composed of p rope rty owners fro m the South Deering section o f Chicago, in w h ich T ru m b u ll P a rk is located. The S D IA has received p ro m i­nent. support fro m the D a ily Calum et, also a South Deering rac is t newspaper, and fro m the W h ite C irc le League, another wh ite-suprem acy group.

These three groups, according to in form ed reports, have p ro­moted and backed (he r io ts and incidents o f violence w ith the sole aim o f d r iv in g the Negro tenants from T ru m b u ll Park.

In spite o f constant pressure and demands fo r action from the labor movement, the N a tiona l Association fo r the Advancem ent o f Colored People, the T rum bu ll Park Tenants Council and v a r ­ious o ther c iv ic organ izations, the scene at T rum bu ll P ark has remained v ir tu a lly unchanged fo r the past tw o years. T hrough­ou t th is period a continuous 24- hour police guard did no t h a lt the an ti-N e g ro violence.

V arious commissions o f inves­t ig a tio n were organized by the

last two m ayors. The previous m ayor, M a rtin K enne lly , insisted th a t he would f in d a solu tion to the violence up to the day th a t he was voted ou t o f o ffice and was replaced by the la b o r-lib ­eral-backed M ayor Daley. Daley repeated K enne lly ’s prom ises du ring the election cam paign. Everyone fro m the M ayo r to the Police Com m issioner to the v a r i­ous members o f the C ity Council have been prom is ing to p u t an end to the te r ro r a t T rum bu ll Park. S t ill the harrassm ent and violence directed aga inst the Negro tenants continued.

P U S H IN G O R D IN A N C ER acist forces, fee ling v ic to ry

in th e ir grasp, are pushing hard fo r the passage o f the proposed ordinance. The Southtown Econ­om ist, o r ig in a to r o f the p ro ­posal quotes A id . David T. M c- K ie rna n : “ T h is is the closest ye t anyone has come to o ffe r in g a concrete so lu tion to the problem. I reca ll th a t the governm ent d is ­posed o f its veterans housing fa ­c ilit ie s when they no longer were desired a fte r .W o rld W ar I I . ”

And A id . E m il Pacini, whose ward includes T ru m b u ll Park, says he is “ pos itive ly . . . in favo r o f se lling a ll public hous­ing to p riva te en terprise as a means o f reso lv ing the inequ i­ties th a t are fostered.” A id e r- man Pacin i goes on to sta te tha t he knows qu ite a few members o f the C ity Council would go along w ith such a move. And fu rth e r to s trengthen his posi­tion the A lderm an concludes: “ W ith the record am ount o f homes th a t have been b u ilt in recent years, p riva te contractors have taken care o f our housing needs.”

The proposal to abolish a ll fed e ra lly owned p ro jects makes i t c lear how everyone can be a f ­fected by rac ia l d isc rim ina tion even though i t ’s happening “ someplace else.” W h ite w orkers as w e ll as N egro w orkers need adequate lo w -re n t housing. O nly the few governm ent-owned p ro j­ects in existence o f fe r housing a t ren ta ls th a t come near to a n y th in g a w o rke r w ith a fa m ­ily to support can a ffo rd . And once these governm ent p ro jects are allowed to be sold, the w h ite w orkers as w e ll as the Negro w orkers w i l l be deprived o f w hat lo w -ren t housing is ob ta in ­able.

Thus the en tire popu lation o f Chicago has a stake in the T rum bu ll P a rk f ig h t . The te r ­ro r is ts have n o t succeeded in d r iv in g the Negroes ou t o f th is housing p ro je c t by acts o f v io ­lence. Now they are p u llin g a double-play. They w a n t to achieve th e ir rac is t objectives and a t the same tim e s tr ike a b low a t lo w -ren t housing fa ­c ilit ie s th a t a t least some o f the w orkers, N egro and w h ite , en joy.

Use of Political Blacklist Scored by Cain at Civil Liberties Rally in L .A .------------------------------------------------------- @

From Detroit

Studebaker Pays Off - -

1,700 Fired!O ver 1,700 w orkers at the

Studebaker p lan t in South Bend, Ind., were (aid o f f on Ju ly 6. Th is is the p lant where U A W in te rna tiona l and Local 5 leaders pressured the workers in to ac­cepting substantia l wage cuts hud. A ugust in order to “ im prove the com petitive position” o f the corpora tion.

The Studebaker w orkers are in no mood to to le ra te any more experim ents in such “ labor statesm anship.” The corpora tion said the new la y o ffs were p a rt o f a “ be tte r m ethods” program th a t would — yes, again — im ­prove its com petitive position. B u t the w orkers rem em ber th a t the wage cu t they took la s t year was supposed to prevent layo ffs . On J u ly 12 tihey voted to s tr ike i f necessary aga inst the layo ffs . Quit o f 7,010 ba lle ts cast 82% favored s trike .

T h ings have changed since last A ugust. The Local 5 president who helped put over the wage cut then decided that he had bet­te r not run fo r re-e lection th is year. The candidate he supported was s trong ly beaten by a w o rk ­er who had opposed the wage cut.

The U A W in te rna tiona l is also speaking in a d iffe re n t tone. La s t year they helped to pu t over the wage cut. Th is tim e one o f W a lte r Reuther’s assist­ants was present a t the s trike au tho riza tion m eeting and said: “ We are not t ry in g to subsidize m anagem ent fo r the sake o f keeping jobs. T h a t would open the floodgates and the U A W would be asked to do i t fo r a ll companies.”

t * t

One year ago the Square I) Co. was busy t ry in g to show that i t was possible, even in D e tro it, to smash a local union by red­ba iting , scab-herding and coop­era tion by the c ity ad m in is tra ­tion and its police. The s tr ik e o f U n ited E le c tr ica l W orkers Local 957 was fin a lly saved in Septem­ber when U A W locals came to the defense o f the em battled workers on the picket line.

La s t m onth the company qu ie t­ly g ranted an across-the-board s ix-cent hou rly wage increase to the 1,200 Square D w orkers, p lus additiona l raises o f e igh t and ten cents an hour fo r sk illed classifications. U n like la s t year, eve ry th ing happened so qu ie tly th a t the papers d idn ’t even learn about the se ttlem ent u n t il three weeks a fte r i t was reached.

* * *

A 35-hour w ork week and a substantia l wage increase are ch ie f demands among those sub­m itted by the GIO Com m unica­tion W orkers o f A m erica to the M ich igan Bell Telephone Co. last week. The C W A , repre­senting 16,550 tra ffic , accounting and plant employes in the state, also asked fo r a union shop, e lim in a tio n o f a no -s trike clause, im proved vacation, pension and health benefits, and e lim ina tion o f area pay d iffe re n tia ls .

Puerto Ricans Out 11 Months

S eventy-five P u e r t o Rican workers, who s truck over low pay (75 cents an hour) and dan­gerous conditions, have been out fo r 11 m onths at quarries in K ingston , N. J.

The s tr ike rs were housed in ve rm in-in fested hovels w ith o u t cooking fa c ilit ie s .

One group o f 12 is supported by three members who managed to ge t w o rk fro m a con tractor.

A s tr ik e r to ld Jose M. Perez, Executive Secretary o f the Labor A dv iso ry Com m ittee fo r Puerto Rican A ffa irs , th a t o ften he and his companions have to go to sleep w ith o u t supper. However, his g rea test w o rry was over his seven dependent ch ild ren in Puerto Rico.

Joseph M onserra t, President o f the Council o f Spanish-Am erican O rgan iza tions, has prom ised to ask his organ iza tion to donate $50 fo r s tr ik e re lie f.

S ure ly the labo r m ovem ent o f New Y o rk and New Jersey w il l come to the aid o f these s tr ike rs w ith even m ore substan tia l a id !

Fred PetersLOS A N G E L E S , June 28 —

F orm er Republican Senator H a r­ry P. Cain, who u n t il recently was one o f the staunchest Mc- C arthy ites in W ashington, last n ig h t accused the governm ent’s lo ya lty and secu rity p rogram o f em ploying to ta lita r ia n methods “ borrowed from the Com m unists and the Fascists” and charged tha t innocent ind iv idua ls were persecuted on * the basis o f “ hasty, thoughtless, and obv i­ously bad judgm ents.”

Cain, who is a m ember o f the Subversive A c tiv it ie s Contro l Board spoke here before an aud­ience o f 600 under the auspices o f the A m erican C iv il L ibe rties Union, o n ' the same day tha t the notorious House U n -A m e ri­can A c tiv it ie s Com m ittee opened hearings on Southern C a lifo rn ia “ subversion.”

A f te r a f ig h t in g speech by A C L U a tto rn ey A1 W ir in , cha l­leng ing the mandate and p u r­pose o f the red -ba iting Com­m ittee , and a b r ie f s ta tem ent by one o f the C om m ittee ’s v ic tim s o f th a t m orn ing , Cain declared he would “ g la d ly share the A C L U ’s ba ttles fo r c iv il l ib e r­ties .”

The ex-Senator began his ad­dress by dep loring the u tte r d is­regard fo r the r ig h ts o f the in ­d iv idua l under the present lo ya l­ty and secu rity setup and scored the use o f the A tto rn e y Gen­e ra l’s subversive lis t. He p ro ­tested the practices o f the Jus­tice D epartm ent in f i r in g and sm earing governm ent employes and others w ith the aid o f po is­on-pen tes tim ony, m alicious gos­sip, uncon frontab le w itnesses and secret charges.

NO B A S IC D IF F E R E N C EC itin g the case o f M ax Shacht-

man o f the Independent Social­is t League, who was recently refused a passport because his organ iza tion is among the p ro ­scribed, Cain contended th a t the proper purpose o f the List was to screen governm ent employes,

The Georgia Board o f Educa­tion has banned tw o m ore school books as un-.Southern. “ Am erica, Land o f F reedom ” was banned on grounds th a t i t d idn ’t g ive the South enough c re d it fo r its ro le in the A m erican Revolution. “ O ur Changing Social O rder” was also banned because, i t was charged, i t tr ie s to “ cond ition ” w h ite ch ild ren to the idea th a t color doesn’t m atter.

P rev iou ly banned was a song book which contained a version of “ M y Old K en tucky Hom e” in which the word “ darkiie” had been changed to “ bro thers .”

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not to check passport app lica ­tions.

Cain, however, did no t take issue w ith the governm ent fo r se ttin g its e lf up as a judge o f w ha t p o lit ic a l opin ions are ac­ceptable and “ A m erican ” and*b a rr in g qu a lifie d persons fro m its em ploy -solely because o f th e ir po litica l beliefs.

N o r did he dispute the gov* e rnm ent’s c la im to be the cham p­ion o f democracy in a w orld “ threatened by Com m unist ag­gression.” Hence, he has no a r­gum ent w ith the aim s o f thesubversive lis t and the lo y a lty checks, on ly c ritic ism o f thesecu rity apparatus fo r being “ lop-sided, un w ie ld ly and. cap­able o f de feating the purpose fo r which i t was created.”

“ M y v iew is ,” declared the ex- M cC arthy ite , “ th a t freedom and secu rity can be made com pat­ib le, b u t not unless we make absolute ly ce rta in th a t A m erican princ ip les and good purposes are supported and advanced by t r a ­d itio n a l A m erican procedures and methods.” A f te r thus recon­c ilin g dem ocratic tra d itio n s w ith the w itc h h u n t (re fo rm ed v e r­sion) he then hailed the p ro ­jected “ non-partisan , n o n -p o liti­cal” Commission on G overnm ent Security . The task o f th is Com­mission w il l be to s tream line and consolidate the f iv e secu rity and tw o lo y a lty program s, the re ­by b r in g in g the w itch h u n t u n ­der closer supervision and con­tro l o f the a d m in is tra tion and presum ably e lim in a tin g some o f its “ excesses.”

Cain cla im s th a t the govern­ment did no t “ in tend ” to perse­cute innocent and helpless peo­ple under the secu rity proced­ures. He does no t oppose the governm ent’s b ra in -w ash ing cam­pa ign; he m ere ly w ants to use a sm alle r and m ore e ff ic ie n t brush.

In response to a,, question from the audience about w itc h ­hunt v ic tim s in p r iv a te in du s try , Cain rep lied, a fte r a long m edi­ta tiv e silence, “ I don’ t know !” Then, he declared, w ith more tru th than he knew, “ I t is neces­sary to create a d iffe re n t p o lit i­cal c lim a te ."

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S trike Ties Up C a p ita l T ra n s it

Two residents t r y to thum b a ride as a s tr ik e o f s tree tcar and bus d rive rs gripped W ashington, D. C. Congressional in ­vestiga tors sought absentee boss Louis W olfson, reported to be fa r from the s tr ik e scene in C a lifo rn ia , fo r question ing about company policies and the s tr ik e issues. The A F L d rive rs w ant a wage increase; the company wants another fa re increase.