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RetrospectiveAssessment– USCivicTech
June2018
PleaseNote:ThisisamodificationofDalberg’sreport,whichwascreatedandintendedforOmidyarNetwork’sGovernance&CitizenEngagementinitiative’sinternaluse.Severalsectionsandslideshavebeenremovedforbrevityandconfidentiality.Therefore,somecontentaboutparticularorganizationsandstrategiesisnotincludedinthisdeck
2
Civictech– summaryoffindings
Evolutionandimpact
RoleofGCE
Lessonslearned
3
Civictechhasevolvedthroughdistinctphases:earlyexuberance,rapidgrowth—andmorerecently—reevaluation
Inception(Pre-2008)
Disseminationanddemonstration(2008-2016)
Reevaluation(2017-2018)
2004 2018
CiviccausesmixwithWeb2.01 tocatalyzecivictech
ObamaelectionandleadershipcatalyzegreaterinterestincivictechincludinginSiliconValley
Electionintensifiesconcernsabouttech
Criticaldevelop
ments
2004– PersonalDemocracyForum(PDF)exploresintersectionofgovernmentandtechnology
2006– SunlightFoundationfoundedtoimprovegovaccountability
2008– FirstAppsforDemocracycontest;firstconceptofChiefInnovationOfficer(CIO);Obamaelectionwithsocialmediasuccess
2009– OpenGovernmentInitiativestarts;firstUSChiefTechnologyOfficer(CTO)named;TimO’ReillybeginsevangelizingGov2.0;CodeforAmericafounded
2010– BostonlaunchesOfficeofNewUrbanMechanics
2012– ObamalaunchesPresidentialInnovationFellows;BloombergfundsfirstinnovationteamsandMayor’sChallenge;CIOsnamedinMD,MA,Louisville,SF,NYC
2013 – Healthcare.govbotchedrollout;SunlightFoundationidentifies$1.3trillionmissingfromfederalfundingwebsite;GovtechFundlaunched
2014– Andreeseen HorowitzinvestsinOpenGov
2015– Change.orgreaches100millionusers;Nextdoorbecomesunicorn;GooglesetsupSidewalkLabs
2017–2016electiondrawsattentiontonegativepotentialforcivichacking,withsomecivictechtalentleavingfederalgovernment;SidewalkLabssecuresTorontosite
2018– CambridgeAnalyticaleakdrawsfurtherattentiontonegativepotentialofcivichacking
Notes:1.Websiteswithuser-generatedcontent,usability,andinteroperability.Sources:Dalbergcivictechsurvey,2018;Stakeholderinterviews,2018;Dalbergnewsanalysis,2018
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
4
Psychosocial,technological,andmarket-baseddriversdefinedinitialexpectationsforthefield…
Championenthusiasm:Thebeliefintechnologyasamechanismforcivicchangegalvanizedcivictechbutalsoraisedexpectationstounrealisticlevels.
Focusoncommercialsuccess:Awaveofstartupsexperimentedwithdifferentbusinessmodels,andtheirexpectationsforreturnsshapedVCinterest.
Pushforlocalsolutions:Championsandfollowersdesiredtoaddresslocalproblemsandviewedcitiesasincubatorswherechangewaseasierthanatotherlevels.
Technologychange:Riseoflow-costcloudinfrastructure,theopensourcecommunity,andsoftwareasaservice(SaaS)reducedbarrierstoentry.
…andpoliticaldriversproducedtailwindsandlaterheadwinds
Growingcivicexpectations:Individualsexpectingmorefromgovernment,questioningprivacy&securitycosts,andexertingpressuretoimprovedemocracyandservices.
Federalpoliticalclimate:Federalleadershipchanneledpoliticalwill,energy,andpublicvisibility towardscivictechunderObama—whichdecreasedunderTrump.
Politicizationofmovement:Trump-eraanxietyhassplitthemovement betweenadvocatesofnon-partisanship,andthosefocusedonthepoliticalprocess.
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
Sources:Stakeholderinterviews,2018;Dalbergcivictechsurvey,2018
5
Supply:200+for-profitandnon-profitcivictechsolutionprovidershavebeencreated.Thewaveofnewstartupsstartedtoplateau2013-2015.Manycompaniesfacefinancingconstraintsanddifficultiesinrealizingexits.1
Themarket grewinwaves,withsteepergrowthstartingin2008
Supplyofcivictechsolutions2#ofcompaniesandNGOslistedonCrunchbase,bystartyear,2007-2015
0
10
20
30
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
SpendingonITbydifferentgovernmentlevels4USDbillions,2011-2019
0B
50B
100B
20152011 2012 2013 2014 2018P2016 2017 2019P
FederalLocal
State
Demand:Demandexists,buthasbeendifficulttoaccess.GovernmentITspendinghasremainedstablewithhighbarrierstoentry(e.g.,procurement,staffskills).C2C3 demandhasbeendifficulttomonetize.
Nextdoorfounded
Change.orgfounded
Notes:1.BNPParibas,“CanCivicTechSaveDemocracy?”2017.2.Crunchbasesampleof178companiesselectedinEnginesofChangeresearch,accessedApril2018.Somecompanieswerefoundedbefore2007andarenotshownonthisgraph.Companiesestablishedin2016-2017arenotshownonthisgraphgivenmethodologydifferedslightlybetweenEnginesofChangeanalysisandfollow-upworkpost-2015.3.C2C:CitizentoCitizen.4.ITDashboard.gov,“ITSpendingFY2011-2019,”accessedMay2018;Govtech.com,“2018GovTech100:RaisingtheProfile,”2018.5.Garter,“MarketInsight:StateandLocalGovernmentITMarketPrimer,UnitedStates,2015.”Sources:Stakeholderinterviews,2018
“Thebusinessmodelsarereallyhard.Monetizingdataishard.Sellingtogovernmentishard.We’restillfiguringitout.”– Funder
CodeforAmericaaccelerator
Despiteoveralltrend,somedatasuggestslocalgovspendoninnovationisincreasing5
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
6
Afundingecosystem emergedin~2010—buthasyettoreachscale
Philanthropiessupportecosystemby financingfor-profitandnon-profitsolutions,conveningactors,etc.
Profilesofkeyfunders2
Funder GCE(nowLuminate) Knight ReidHoffman
Totalinvested ~$76million $25-50million >$250million $5-10million $35+million
Mainfocus Civictech Civictech Govinnovation,cities
Civicengagement,democracy
Change.org,CfA,politicaltech
Timeline 2006-Present 2010-2017 2012-Present 2010-Present ~2014-Present
0M
200M
400M
600M
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
80B
0B
40B20B
60B
VCfundingforUScivictech(leftaxis)vsVCfunding(rightaxis)1USDmillions(left)andUSDbillions(right),2010-2015
Accela,Nextdoor
Notes:1.BNPParibas,“CanCivicTechSaveDemocracy?”2017;ONandPurpose,“EnginesofChange,”2016.WehaveincludedcivictechfundingestimatesfromBNPParibasandON/Purposetoshowdatafrom2011to2017.Thevaluesfor2013-2015differslightlybecauseBNPParibaslookedatadifferentsetofcompanies:approximately100ofthebiggeststartupsinthecivicengagementecosysteminNorthAmerica.TheEnginesofChangereportlookedatnearly200civictechcompanies.Theoverarchingtrendsaresimilar.ThisgraphshowsanaverageoftheBNPParibasandON/Purposeestimatesfor2013-2016.2.Funderwebsites.Amountsareapproximateasmanyfundersdonotcategorizespendingas“civictech.”Sources:Stakeholderinterviews,2018;Dalbergcivictechsurvey,2018
TotalVC Civictech
Civictechgets<1%ofVCfunding
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
7
Civictechhasdemonstrateditsabilitytocreatepositiveimpactforpeopleasamarket andamovement
Notes:1.Wherepossible,wehaveusedtheword“individuals”ratherthan“citizens”tocapturemoreUSresidents.However,wehaveused“citizen”whereuseofthistermwasexplicit(e.g.,whenrecappingpreviousGCEstrategies,definitions,language).
Market Movement
Supplyofsolutionsbyproviders
Ecosystemwithconvenors,finance
“Grassroots”engagement
fromindividuals1
Demandforsolutions
fromusers/clients
Championingbythoughtleaders,practitioners
Policiesfromregulators
Impactforpeople
3.8millionissues reportedbyoveronemillionregistered
usersinQ42017
Victoriesincludepassinga BillofRightsforsexualassaultsurvivorsintofederallaw,
passingadisabilityrightsbill,andextendinghealthcareforSep11firstrespondents
“DefendDreamers”campaignledto5,825phonecallstoCongress,530Dreamers/DACARecipientsstoriesshared,and170voterregistrationsEx
amples
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
8
Civictech– summaryoffindings
Evolutionandimpact
RoleofGCE
Lessonslearned
9
From2014– 2018,GCE’scivictechactivitiesevolvedinthreephases
CT withingovtransparency1(Pre-2014)
Civictech(2014-2016)
Civictech(2017-2018)
• Fairandopensocietiesempowercitizens• Moreeffectivegovernmentsdeliverbetterservicesthatimprovelives
• Civictechcanenhanceservicedeliveryandincreasepeople’sparticipationingovernment
• Civictechhelpsgovernment deliverthebestpossibleservicestothosewhoneedthem—andcitizens engageandparticipateindecision-makingtodriveresponsive,accountablegovernments
• Investincivictechplatforms(e.g.,SeeClickFix)• Fundcapacity-buildingorganizationstostrengthentheecosystem(e.g.,CfA)• Supportnetworks,nodes,andcollaborationtoincreasethesupplyofcivictechinnovations(e.g.,CivicHall)• Support researchandlearning
• Investinearly-stageinnovationstoprovesustainablecivictechsolutionmodels• Buildthecivictechecosystembysupportingkeyorganizationsandthecommunity(e.g.,CfA)• Promotefavourableregulationsthroughinfluenceactivities• Promoteuseofcivictechthroughinfluenceactivities&investees
• Supportindividualactors(e.g.,SunlightFoundation,CodeforAmerica)andpromotecollaborationbetweenthem
ApproachesGoals/Hypotheses
Ecosystembuilding
Solutiondevelopment(Govtech,Citizen-to-
Government,Citizen-to-Citizen)
Governmentuseandsupport
Citizenuseandengagement
Phases
GCEIMPACTOBJECTIVES:
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
10
Againsttheseobjectives,GCEinvested~$76millionintheU.S.
Notes:1.DataaccurateasofDecember2017.Sources:GCEdata,2018;ConsultationswithGCEteam.Seereferencesectionforfulllistofinvesteesduringthistimeperiod.
GCEUScivictechinvestmentsUSDmillions,2006-2017(n=21)1
NON-INVESTMENT ACTIVITIESINVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
• Creatingresearch andthoughtleadership(e.g.“EnginesofChange”)
• Supportingandhostingconvenings(e.g.PDF,BuildingtheBusinessofCivicTech)andbringingtogethergranteestonetwork
• Providingcapacity buildingforGCEgranteesviagovernance,executivecoaching,andstrategicadvice
• Tryingtobringinotherfundersandtointroducegranteestootherfunders
• PlayingaleadingroleinthefieldviaBoardrepresentation
Evolution RoleofGCE
Note:investmentdatacurrentthroughDecember2017
Lessons
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
For-profittechsolutions
Non-profittechsolutions
Ecosystem
$8.5
$41.3
$26.2
11
We’vecelebratedpositiveprogressandcontinuetolookforwaystoovercomeobstaclestofurtherimpact
1.GCEdataanddocuments,2018.2.Thecurrentinterpretationof“policy”inthecivictechaccountabilitymatrixcapturesproofpointsrelatedtobroadergovernmentadministration—ratherthanastrictdefinition(e.g.,legislation).3.KateKrontiris,“TheStateofImpactinCivicTech,”2015.
Dire
ctim
pact
Ecosystem
Policy
KeyResults Strengths Challenges
Evolution RoleofGCE
• SeeClickFix hasreachedoveronemillionusers1
• DoSomething.org nowhasalmost6milliontotalmembers(Dec.2017)1
• InSanDiego,UniteUsreducedtimetohouseclientsfromtwoweeksto1.5days1
• Takingrisksonneworganizationsandprovidingcriticalearly-stagefunding(e.g.UrbanInnovationFund)
• GCEfundingservesasavoteofconfidence,signalingthatacompanyiscredible/viable,whichcanencourageadditionalfunding
• Definitionsofendimpactincivictechvarybysolutionandhavebeendifficulttocapture3
• Manyfor-profitcivictechcompanieshavesustainabilitychallenges
• SeveralindividualsthinkGCEcoulddomoretobringinadditionalinvestors
• AbouthalfofCfA fellowshaveworkedingovernmentand/orcivictechcompanies afterfellowships
• CivicHallmembershiphasgrownsince2015to481individualand156organizationalmemberships(Dec.2017)1
• Aholisticapproachhashelpedbuildtheecosystemofanewfield—includingresearch,collaboration,andfieldleaders
• CodeforAmericastandsoutasparticularlycatalyticgivenitsrolesacrossmanyaspectsoftheecosystem
• Intervieweeshavenotedchallengesincrowdinginadditionalfunders—resultinginfewmajorfundersforcivictechtoday
• Resilienceoffield-buildinginvesteesvaried– e.g.,CfA vs.Sunlight
• GCEhasprimarilyhadindirectimpactonpolicylevel2
• CfA founder,JenPahlka,alsoservedastheUSDeputyCTOwhereshehelpedfoundtheUSDS
• GCEseededtalent,especiallyviaformerCfA andFUSEfellows,thatbroughtcivictechideasintoUSfederal,state,andlocalgovernments
• GCEchosenottoputmoreconcentratedsupportbehindcertainpolicyissues(e.g.,procurement),whichcontinuestobeachallenge
Lessons
12
Civictech– summaryoffindings
Evolutionandimpact
RoleofGCE
Lessonslearned
13
Thepastdecadehasunderscoredlearningsabouthowtoframe,discuss,fund,andsupportthecivictechfield
Learnings Implications
Evolution RoleofGCE
1. Civictechismosteffectivewhenunderstoodasameanstoanend
Mobilizecivictecheffortsaroundpriorityissues
2. Civictechalmostalwaysinteractswithpoliticalagendas,eveniftechnologists’aimsareapolitical
Takeastand onmajorissuesandbuildbipartisancoalitions,wherepossible
3. BusinessmodelshavenotmetSiliconValleyexpectations;moreinnovationinfundingmodelsisrequired
Re-explorepossiblebusinessandfundingsolutionsforcivictech—andconsiderfundingmodelsfromothermission-drivensectors
4. Bigtechiscrowdingoutcivictech– bothasplacesforpoliticaldiscussionandasgovtechcontractors(e.g.,Facebook,Reddit,Oracle)
Pushbigtechtowardscivicoutcomesandsupportpolicyadvocacythatresiststechconsolidation
5. Buildingresilientorganizationsrequiresaclearexitstrategyandholisticeffortstosupportgrowth
Define“endgame”and“exitstrategy,”buildleadershipteams,andadvisegranteesonhowtostayrelevantinchangingfield
6. Crowdinginfundersisimportant—anddifficulttodo
Explorenewstrategiestocrowdinfunding,includingbringinginfundersofadjacentareas(e.g.,smartcities,democracy)
Lessons
14
Civictechisapoliticalmeanstoanend
Lessonlearned
Civictechitselfisa“tool”butnotanendinitself
• Civictechhascapturedenergy,anditcancontinuetodoso.Individualexpectations—basedonprivatesectorexperience—andpressuresfacedbygovernmentswilllikelycontinueandembednormsacrossthenation.Forexample,basedononesample,34%ofcitieshavededicatedstaffforinnovationand49%havestaffdedicatedtodata.1
• Yetcivictechisameans,notanend. Unlockingcivictech’sfullpotentialrequiresdefiningaclearproblemanddeployingcivictechasonesolutionwithinamuchlargerefforttorealizeexpectationsforimprovedgovernmentandciviclife.Thisframingcanenergizechampionsandlinktoothernon-techtools/approaches(e.g.,broaderorganizingmovements).
Civictechispolitical
• Civictechissuesareinherentlypolitical.Forexample,over70positionsinPCASTandOSTPwereleftvacantin2017afterTrumphiringfreeze.2 Servicedeliveryimprovementispoliticalwhentheexistenceandnatureofservicesthemselvesispolitical(e.g.,foodstamps).
• Growingpoliticizationaffectstalentmotivation,activistenergy,andpolicysuccess.Forexample,recentbipartisanbillHR4174forevidence-basedpolicymakingstalledduetodataprivacyconcernsstirredupbypoliticalscandalsinvolvingthe2016election.3
Notes:1.BloombergAmericanCitiesInitiative,“2018AmericanMayorsSurvey,”2018.2.Science,“Trump’sWhiteHousescience officestillsmallandwaitingforleadership,”2017;CBSNews,“DonaldTrump’sscienceofficeisaghosttown,”2017;Motherboard,“TheseAretheScienceandTechnologyPolicyJobsTrumpStillHasn'tFilled,”2017;Recode,“AkeyWhiteHousesciencecouncilisstillvacant— buttheTrumpadministrationdoesn’tplantokillit,”2017.3.Congress.gov,“H.R.4174,”accessedMay3,2018.Sources:Stakeholderinterviews,2018;Acronyms:PCAST– President'sCouncilofAdvisorsonScienceandTechnology;OSTP– OfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy
“[GCEshould]expand[the]definitionofcivictech,andfocusonhowitcanbeanenablerratherthanagoalin&ofitself”– Surveyrespondent
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
15
ManybusinessmodelshavenotmetSiliconValleyexpectations
Notes:1.Dalbergcivictechsurvey,2018.2.CBInsights,“TrendsinGovtech/SmartCities,”2018.3.GovernmentTechnology,“$23MillionGovtechFundOpensforBusiness,”2014.Sources:Dalbergcivictechsurvey,2018;CBInsights,“TrendsinGovtech/SmartCities,”2018;Stakeholderinterviews,2018
Lessonlearned
VCfundingmodelshavenotbeenagoodfitformanyinthefield(1/2)
• DespiteexpectationsofSiliconValley-likebusinessopportunities forcivictech, ten yearsofexperimentationhaveshownmanycompaniesarenotreadyforventure-capitalbasedmodels.
• Onlyoneinfivesurveyrespondentsreportedprofitabilityandnearly50%ofrespondentsagreedthatfundingisinsufficient.1
• Onlyonecivictechcompany(Nextdoor)hasreachedunicornstatus.
• However,Govtechandurbantechhaveattractedmorecommercialinterest(e.g.,GovTechFund,GeneralCatalyst,8VC),indicatingthatcompaniesfocusedongov’tservicedeliverymayhavemoreVCpotentialthancivictechcompaniesfocusedonengagingindividuals.
• Manycivictechsolutionproviders– especiallynon-profits– cancoveraportionoftheirexpenses,butnotall.
• Thetrackrecordofcivictechbusinessmodels,todate,suggestsinnovationaroundfundingmodels—includinggreateraccesstocapitalonthespectrumbetweengrantsandmarket-rateinvestment—willbecriticalgoingforward
“This[Govtech]isa$450billionglobalmarket,andthereisadecades-longinnovationcyclethatneedstohappen– notjustintheUS,butglobally.”– RonBouganim,founderofGovTech fund3
Evolution RoleofGCE Lessons
16
SourcesandReferences
17
• Interviews:Dalbergconducted~25 semi-structuredinterviewswithGCEgrantees,governmentofficials,funders,andothercivictechexperts.Theinterviewsfocusedonallfourofthelearningquestions.
• Quantitativeanalysis: DalberganalyzedquantitativedatafromTwitter,Crunchbase,GitHub,andGoogleTrendstounderstandtheevolutionofcivictechandprogresstodate.
• Survey: Dalbergdeployedasurveytoarangeofcivictechexperts—andsecured52responsesfromfor-profitandnon-profitcompanies,severallevelsofgovernment,funders,andotherfield-buildingorganizations.
• Literaturereview: Dalbergconsultedinternalandexternalsources—includingacademicstudies,newsarticles,andwebpages—tosynthesizeawiderangeofperspectivesandinsights.
Civictech:Methodologyandobjectives
• Thisstudyfocusedonfourlearningquestions:— Howandwhydidthecivictechfieldevolve
intheUSoverthepastdecade?Whereisthefieldtoday?
— WhatrolehasGCEplayedinthefield?HowhasGCEcontributedtoecosystem,policy,andsocialimpact?
— WhatdidGCElearnaboutitsapproachtoinvestmentandinfluence?
— Whatarekeyopportunitiesforthefieldgoingforward?WhatareinsightsforGCE’sfuturestrategiesineachfield?
• Thisstudydidnotaimto:— EvaluateallGCEcivictechgrants— Provideacomprehensivemappingofallthe
sub-sectors,cities/states,andactorsworkingoncivictechintheUS
— Compileandanalyzeallcriticaldevelopmentsinthefield
Methodology Objectives
18
• AWSNewsBlog,“WhatCanISay?AnotherAmazonS3PriceReduction!,”2010• AWSNewsBlog,“AWSPriceReduction#42– EC2,S3,RDS,ElastiCache,andElasticMapReduce,”2014• BloombergAmericanCitiesInitiative,“2018AmericanMayorsSurvey,”2018• BNPParibas,“CanCivicTechSaveDemocracy?” 2017• BrookingsFoundation,“Thefutureofcivictechnology,” 2015• CBInsights,“TrendsinGovtech /SmartCities,” 2018• CBSNews,“DonaldTrump’sscienceofficeisaghosttown,” 2017• CivicInnovations,“Thefutureofcivictech,”2016• CodeforAmerica,“TheCIOProblem,Part1,” 2016• CodeforAmerica,“TheCIOProblem,Part2:Innovation,”2016• Congress.gov,“H.R.4174,” accessedMay3,2018• DoSomething.orgwebsite,2018• Gallup,“TrustinGovernment,”2017• Garter,“MarketInsight:StateandLocalGovernmentITMarketPrimer,UnitedStates,” 2015• Governing.com,“AgeDemographicsforIndustryWorkforces,” 2012• Govtech.com,“2018GovTech100:RaisingtheProfile,” 2018• ITDashboard.gov,“ITSpendingFY2011-2019,” accessedMay2018• JournalofDesignandScienceMITMediaLab, “DeathStarThinkingandGovernmentReform,”2018• KateKrontiris,“TheStateofImpactinCivicTech,” 2015• KnightFoundation,“AssessingCivicTech:CaseStudiesandResourcesforTrackingOutcomes,”2015• KnightFoundation,“ScalingCivicTech:PathstoaSustainableFuture,” 2017
Civictech– Externalreferences(1/2)
19
• KnightFoundation,“TheEmergenceofCivicTech:InvestmentsinaCrowdedField,” 2013• McKinsey,“Improvingthecustomerexperiencetoachievegovernment-agencygoals,” 2017• MetroLab Networkwebsite,2018• Microsoft,“Towardsataxonomyofcivictechnology,” 2016• MITTechnologyReview,“FuturePerfect10,”2018• Motherboard,“TheseAretheScienceandTechnologyPolicyJobsTrumpStillHasn'tFilled,”2017• NewMediaVentures,“MakingMoneyforImpact,” 2016• NewCo Shift,“UncertainFutureforCivicTech,” 2016• ONandPurpose,“EnginesofChange:WhatCivicTechcanlearnfromsocialmovements,”2016• PewResearchCenter,“PoliticalPolarization,1994-2017,” 2017• Recode,“AkeyWhiteHousesciencecouncilisstillvacant— buttheTrumpadministrationdoesn’tplanto
killit,”2017• Science,“Trump’sWhiteHousescienceofficestillsmallandwaitingforleadership,”2017• SmartCitiesDive,“RiseoftheChiefDataOfficer:Citieslearntocrunchthenumbers,”2018• StanfordSocialInnovationReview,“MarginalizedReturns,” 2017• StanfordSocialInnovationReview,“SocialEnterpriseIsNotSocialChange,”2018• TechRepublic,“CivicTechin2015:$6.4billiontoconnectcitizenstoservices,andtooneanother,”2015• TechCrunch,“Impact,InvestmentAndDemand:ThreePillarsForCivicTechSuccess,” 2016• USCensuswebsite,2018• WhatWorksCities website,2018• WorldBank,“CivictechnologyintheglobalSouth:assessingtechnologyforthepublicgood,” 2017
Civictech– Externalreferences(2/2)
20
Civictech:Investeeorganizations(2006– 2017)
Change.org,NationBuilder,andDoSomething.org werefirstinvestedinbytheEmergingTechinitiativeatON.Change.org andNationBuilder weremovedtoGCEbecauseofinternalre-organization;GCEdidafollow-oninvestmentinDoSomething.org topromotecivicengagement.
• BerkmanCenterforInternetandSociety• Change.org• Citymart• CivicHall• CodeforAmerica(CfA)• DoSomething.org• Elucd• EqualityLabs• FuseCorps• NationBuilder• NewAmericaFoundation(NAF)• NewMediaVenturesInnovationFund• NextRequest• Purpose• SeeClickFix• SunlightFoundation• Tumml• UniteUS• UrbanInnovationFund• VoteRunLead• Zenysis