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Results Report of Project
Developing and Operating a Demonstrative Grow-out farm for
Sustainable and Advanced Pangasius Aquaculture in Vietnam
Can Tho University
Contents
1. Introduction of project
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
4. Evaluation and suggestion
1. Introduction of project
1.1 Participation Sponsor: Embassy of Denmark in Hanoi Project Leader: Ministry of Agriculture & Rural
Development Project Management: Vietnam Association of Seafood
Exporter & Producers (VASEP) Implementing institutions: • Can Tho University (CTU) • Thuan Hung Fisheries Co.Ltd (THUFICO) • Vietnam Danish Aquaculture Technology
Excellence Center (VIDATEC)
VIDATEC: include 6 companies
• AKVA Group
• DHI
• PERKULATOR
• OXY GUARD
• GRUNDFOS
• RK-Plast
1. Introduction of project
1.2 Objectives
To increase product quality and improve water
quality
Specific objectives:
• To reduce feed conversion ratio (FCR)
• To organize sustainable and environmentally
friendly aquaculture production
• To be able to conduct traceability completely
1. Introduction of project
1.3 Content and Activities
• Establishing a demonstration Pangasius
aquaculture farm
• Producing 2 continuous crops
• Designing future Pangasius aquaculture pond
applying advanced technology
1. Introduction of project
Location of raceway, recirculation aquaculture system: College of Aquaculture and Fisheries
1. Introduction of project
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
2.1 Experimental equipments Biofilter
Pond 5
Control
No aeration
Density: 100
Hand
feeding
Pond 4
Aeration
type 2
Density: 100
Hand
feeding
Pond 3
Aeration
type 2
Density: 120
Pendulum
feeder
Pond 2
Reservor
Pond 1
Aeration
type 1
Density: 100
Blower
feeder
Water supply channel
Pond No. 1
• 3 Airturbo RV2 (3 kW
motor, 54 m3/hour)
• 4 blower feeder
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
Pond No. 3 • 1 Air blower (1,500 m3/hour), 3 air diffusers (L x W x H = 6 x 1.33 x 2.5 m) • 8 pendulum feeders
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
• 1 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (6 x 2 x 1.2 m); filled with 5 m3 bio-media
• Operated 2 months before harvesting
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
Pond No. 4
• 1 Air blower (1,500 m3/hour), 3 air diffusers.
• 1 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
• Hand feeding
Pond No. 5:
Control pond,
apply company’s
technology
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
Water quality monitoring equipments (OxyGuard):
• Prober: DO, CO2, pH, total gas and temperature
• Processor, recorder and controller
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
2.2 Fingerling: larvae were reared in Phu Thuan
farm. Size of stocked fingerling was in 9.6-12.5 g
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
2.3 Feed and feeding rate
• Protein content: 22-32%
• Types of feed: Greenfeed, Proconco, Viet Thang
• Ratio of feed type and feeding rate were similar
between trial ponds
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
2.4 Water management:
Daily water exchange rate according to fish size
• < 200 g: 5-10%
• 200-300 g: 10-20%
• > 300 g: 20-30%
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
2.5 Results
i) Water environment:
Dissolved oxygen (DO)
• DO level of trial ponds was improvable than that in control pond.
• DO level dropped below 2 mg/L from the 5th month when fish reach the size > 250 g
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
fish size above 500g
DO level during culture period
DO level during 24 hours in the 8 th month
2.5 Results
i) Water environment:
CO2
• Highest CO2 level was observed in control ponds (no aeration) when fish reach to the size above 350 g
• CO2 in pond No.1 and No.3 reduced during the time operating the biofilter
CO2 level in ponds during the culture period
CO2 level in ponds when operating the biofilter
CO2 level in ponds during the culture period
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
2.5 Results
i) Water environment:
Other parameters
• TAN, NO2, NO3, had large fluctuations and depended on water exchange rate.
• TSS in applied aeration ponds was higher than that in control, which consider as a factor affected to flesh quality.
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
TAN level in ponds during the culture period
TSS level in ponds during the culture period
2.5 Results
ii) Fish growth:
Pond SGR
(%/day)
SR (%)
1 1.47 47.3
3 1.50 56.2
4 1.57 52.8
5 1.38 46.5
- Specific growth rate (%/day) and survival of the fish in ponds applied aeration were higher than that of control pond
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
Mortality of fish during culture period
iii) Efficiency: Pond Yield (kg)
Feed intake (kg)
Productivity (ton/ha/crop)
FCR
1 72,834 114,574 364 1.62
3 81,482 132,669 407 1.68
4 79,377 125,347 396 1.62
5 61,346 100,111 306 1.70
• At the same density, but the yields in two aeration ponds increased 18.7% and 29.3% compared to control.
• Due to limited water sources, increase in density (120 ind./m2) leaded to yield increase, but FCR was equivalent to control pond.
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
iii) Efficiency:
Pond Production
cost (VND/kg)
Electricity cost
(VND/kg)
Ratio of fish
<750 g (%)
1 22,826 1,567 29.44
3 23,099 937 28.21
4 22,083 609 6.92
5 23,255 582 26.96
• Having the same fish density, power used for aeration and water exchange in pond 3 was equivalent to that of water exchange in control: reduced amount water used
• Increased fish density may increases size variation
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
iii) Efficiency :
Pond Ratio of flesh color (%) Drug & chemical
used compared to control (%)
1 35% white; 65% pinky-white -18.00
3 30% white; 70% pinky-white -8.79
4 35% white; 65% pinky-white -17.29
5 24% white; 76% pinky-white
• Applying aeration and reducing water exchange was still ensuring fillet quality (color) and reduce the cost of drugs and chemicals used
2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
3.1 Culture system:
Total area: 320 m2, culture volume: 460 m3; water deepth: 2 m; biofilter volume: 136 m3; bio-media volume: 40 m3
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
3.2 Grow-out protocol:
• Experimental fish: was purchased from Dong Thap province; average size of 33 g
• Feed and feeding: Proconco and Greenfeed (26-28% CP); feeding rate was according to Thufico’ protocol.
Tank 1 Tank 2
Total number of fish 17,803 17,622
Stocking density (inds/m3) 77.4 76.6
Survival rate (%) on 28/04/2016 81.1 79.9
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
3.2 Grow-out protocol:
Water quality management:
• Water quality parameters: measured by Oxyguard devices (automatic) and analyzed in
the laboratory in College of Aquaculture and
Fisheries, CTU
• No water exchange, water was only added due
to evaporation and discharge waste in the bottom
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
3.3 Preliminary results:
i) Water quality: DO was maintained above 4 mg/L in the first three months
Oxygen concentration in ended raceway
(mg/L)
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
19/1/16
26/1/16
2/2/16
9/2/16
16/2/16
23/2/16
1/3/16
8/3/16
15/3/16
22/3/16
29/3/16
5/4/16
12/4/16
19/4/16
26/4/16
3/5/16
Oxygen concentration in middle raceway
(mg/L)
0,01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,0
19/1/16
26/1/16
2/2/16
9/2/16
16/2/16
23/2/16
1/3/16
8/3/16
15/3/16
22/3/16
29/3/16
5/4/16
12/4/16
19/4/16
26/4/16
3/5/16
Water quality
• CO2: < 20 mg/L
• pH: >7
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
CO2 in the raceway (middle)
(mg/L)
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
19/1/16
26/1/16
2/2/16
9/2/16
16/2/16
23/2/16
1/3/16
8/3/16
15/3/16
22/3/16
29/3/16
5/4/16
12/4/16
19/4/16
26/4/16
3/5/16
pH in the raceway (middle)
0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,00
19/1/16
26/1/16
2/2/16
9/2/16
16/2/16
23/2/16
1/3/16
8/3/16
15/3/16
22/3/16
29/3/16
5/4/16
12/4/16
19/4/16
26/4/16
3/5/16
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
i) Water quality:
• TSS: high fluctuation,
but still in suitable
range
TSS of 1st position in system per two weeks
(mg/L)
0
20
40
60
80
20/01/16
22/01/16
25/01/16
04/02/16
15/02/16
29/02/16
15/03/16
01/04/16
15/04/16
28/04/16
TSS of 1st position in system per two weeks
(mg/L)
0
20
40
60
80
20/01/16
22/01/16
25/01/16
04/02/16
15/02/16
29/02/16
15/03/16
01/04/16
15/04/16
28/04/16
i) Water quality:
• TAN: was maintained
in suitable range (<2
mg/L)
• NO2: large fluctuation
due to reducing of pH.
NO2 was overcome
when pH> 7
TAN of 1st position in system per two
weeks (mg/L)
0
0,51
1,52
2,5
20/01/16
22/01/16
25/01/16
04/02/16
15/02/16
29/02/16
15/03/16
01/04/16
15/04/16
28/04/16
NO2 of 1st position in system per two weeks
(mg/L)
00,51
1,52
20/01/16
22/01/16
25/01/16
04/02/16
15/02/16
29/02/16
15/03/16
01/04/16
15/04/16
28/04/16
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
ii) Growth rate:
Growth rate after the
period three months
cultured
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
gam/day %/day
Tank 1 2.9 2.46
Tank 2 3.2 2.54
Fish in raceway growth faster than fish grown in aeration ponds in Phu Thuan farm (Ex: pond
No.4: 2,03%/ngày)
ii) Efficiency:
• The amount of water used (until 15/05/2016) was 5,304.345 m3
need 685.8 L of water to produce 1 kg of fish
(that was 4,700 L/kg in normal production pond)
• Medicine and drugs: minerals and vitamins were added into the feed to increase the fish’s resistance but antibiotics were not.
3. Operation of raceway in CTU
- Equipments: • Increase DO level: results in better growth, survival
rate, productivity, and improve FCR than those of traditional pond.
However: • Due to deep pond (4 m), can not put out all waste, it
caused in decreasing of DO (<2 mg/L from 5th month) in last months of crop when fish was bigger than 250 g
• Increased turbidity in the pond
Need to improve equipment and cultured pond (reduce water depth, find solutions for waste removal)
4. Evaluation and suggestion
Feeder:
• Very good in control feed delivery (quantity,
time, feeding frequency)
• Small volume, slow feed distribution that was
not suitable for large fish stage
Suggestion: Applied for larval rearing to fingerling stage
4. Evaluation and suggestion
Biofilter tank:
• Good performance in degassing, and reducing
NO2
• Small volume: functioning of water improvement
in large ponds is not clear.
• High energy consumption
Reduce pond water volume (reduced water depth) to make the current distributed water around the pond
4. Evaluation and suggestion
Water monitoring equipments:
• Perfect system for measuring and recording variation of water parameters
• Store large amounts of data.
• However, manipulation of accessing, adjusting, and connecting between water quality probes and controller make it difficult for farmers to run the system. High investment costs
Organize training courses; establish policy of recommendations, and support the use of equipments
4. Evaluation and suggestion