RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON COM.AG/W/4/Add.1 TARIFFS

GENERAL AGREEMENT ONTARIFFS AND TRADE

RESTRICTED

COM.AG/W/4/Add.120 May 1968Special Distribution

Original: EnglishAgriculture Committee

A.

B.

D.

UNITED STATES

Information Supplied in Respect ofDAIRY PRODUCTS

Production - production measures and policies

Protection and support policies

B.I. Internal support measures

B.II.Measures at the frontier

Consumption and internal prices

International trade and prices

Page

2

5

5

10

16

22

COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 2

A. PRODUCTION: PRODUCTION MEASURES AND POLICIES

A.1. Statistical data on total volume of production

A.2. Trends in production and estimates for 1970

During the past three years, milk production in the United States hasdeclined from a record level of about 57.5 billion kilogrammes in 1964 to54.3 billion kilogrammes in 1967. Price support increased for manufacturingmilk in 1966 and higher prices for fluid milk in Federal marketing orderareas have slowed the decline in milk production but to date these measureshave not reversed the trend. On 20 March 1968 the Secretary of Agricultureannounced that price supports for manufacturing milk would be set at90 per cent of parity for the Marketing Year beginning 1 April 1968. Thisaction raises the level of support from, $8.82 per hundred kilogrammes to

$9.44.

UNITED STATES BASIS MILK STATISTICS; NUMBER OF COWS, PRODUCTION,AND UTILIZATION 1964THROUGH1967

Produc-: MilkYear Milk tion produc- Butter Cheese .cows milk usesper cow tion

1,1000:hed Kgs. In million kgs.

1 964 15,677 3,571 57,412 '26,847, 14,322 7,035 2,293 6,9161965 14,954 3,767 56,325 26,691 13,147 7,139; 2,098 7,250

1966 14,123 y3861 54,536 26,654 10,973 7,616 2,162 7,131

19672 113,600 3,996 54,341 :26,000 11,975 7,756 1,967 6,643

/Includes milk used for cream.

-Preliminary.

Milk production estimate for 1970; 55,885,000 metric tons(OECD-AGR/WP3(68)3).

Supply and utilization of major manufactured dairy products,1965-67 are as follows:

DAIRY

PRODUCTS:

SUPPLY

AND

UTIL

IZAT

ION.

CALENDAR

YEARS19

65-1

966

AND

1967

Prod

uct

and

year

Butter:

1965_......

1966

........

1967

...........

Amer

ican

chee

se:

1965

...........

1966

.........

1967

...........

Evap.&cond.milk:

1965

..........

1966

..........

1967

...........

Dried

whole

milk:

1965

..........

1966

...........

1967

...........

Non-

fat

driedmi

lk:

1965

...........

1966

....

.......

1967

...

........

SuppIy

1-1

Begi

n-ning

stocks

32 24 15 134

122

146 88 64 93 3 2 3 79 70 54

Exports

and

Produc-

Total

tion

Imports

supply

Commer-

cial

USDA

611

512

567

529

557

581

987

991

894 40 43 39 903

724

790

J. 1 1 7 23 28 1 2 4 1

644

537

583

670

702

755

1,076

1,05

7991 43 45 42

,982

I79

5I84,4

______________________________________-,

.

Million

kilogrammes

25 7 3 6 6 8 32 53 50 12 10 9

170 47 10

9 2 1 2 31 34 27 2 2 1

232

139

181

Dome

stic

use

Civilian

Mi1i-

USDA

Comm

er-

tary

dona-

cial

tionssources,

27 15 10

5 5 7 24 9Q 34 1 2 4 9 14

1/Includes

smill

quantity

ofpr

oduc

t(-3

per

cent

)used

for

animal

59 23 58 36 2 41 66 58 64

500

475

429

499

543

540

925

848

783 26 30 26 419

462

444

Total

Endi

nguse

stocks

620

522

501

548

556

596

1,012

964

894 41 42 38

1

9121

/74

11/

7401/

24 15 82 1,012

146

159 64 93 97 2 3 4. 70 54.

104

feed.

Source:

Dairy

Situation,

6November

1967,

ERS.

Page3

COM.AG/W/4/Add

.1

_--

----

----

----

-

-_I

liiiston

1 11 i

t

à 11 i 1

li


A.3. Statisticaldata on carry-overstocks

See under A.1 and A.2 above.

A.4. Factors which affect production

in a highly developed dairy industry such as that in the UnitedStates, the principal factors affecting year-to-year changes in thelevel of milk production are:

(a) the level of price support

(b) milk-livestock price ratio, and

(c) pasture, forage, and overall feéd supply conditions.

A.5. Policies and measures of governments or other bodies likely toinfluence production not shownunder "B''

None.


B. PROTECTION AND SUPPORTMEASURES AND POLICIES

B.I. Internal sport measures and policies

B.I.l Inventory of the instruments of support

B.I.2. Levels of guaranteed, pries or support prices

Two major programmes administered by the Federal Government havehelped to stabilize prices received by farmers for milk and cream formany years. They are the. nationwide price support programme and theFederal Milk Marketing Orders for individual fluid milk markets.

Price support

The.Agricultural Act of 1949 as amended requires the support of pricesreceived by farmers for milk and for butterfat in farm-separated cream soldby them.

The Act states that: "lt is the policy of Congress to assure astabilized annual production of adequate supplies of milk anddairy products; to promote the increased use of these essentialfoods; to improve the domestic source of supply of milk andbutterfat by encouraging dairy farmers to develop efficientproduction units consisting of high-grade, disease-free cattleand modern sanitary equipment; and to stabilize the economy ofdairy farmers at a level which will provide a fair return fortheir labour and investment when compared with the cost ofthings that farmers buy."

The law requires that the prices received by farmers be supported atsuch level, between 75 and 90 per cent of the parity prices, as will "assurean adequate supply".

Current parity prices for milk and butterfat (and other agriculturalcommodities) are computed as provided by the Agricultural Adjustment Act o? 1938,as amended. In general, the current parity price for a commodity is that pricewhich would represent the same value in relation to the current level of pricespaid by farmers for articles and services, hired farm labour, interest, andreal estate taxes, as in a historical period. For the purposes of pricesupport, a parity equivalent priccé for manufacturing milk is computed.

The Secretary of Agriculture announces before the beginning of eachmarketing year the support level for that marketing year. Since 1949, thesupport level has varied within the full legal range of 75 to 90 per cent ofparity, as follows:


SUPPORT LEVELS FOR MANUFACTURING MILK AND BUTTERFAT UNDER THE MILK ANDBUTTERFAT PRICE SUPPORT PROGRAMME,1964-65 TO 1968-69

Manufacturing milk Butterfat

support level support levelMarketing year(April-March) Per cent, of

parity per 100 kgs. perkg.

Per cent Dollars Per cent Dollars

1964-65 75 ' 6.94 75 1.251965-665 75 75 1.1111966-67W 89.5 } 8. 82 3 1.441967-.68 87 3882 81 1 501968--69 85 9.44 77 1.50

/Support level was increased in April 1966 and again in June 1966.

The announced support prices are national average support prices. Also,the announced support price for manufacturing milk is for manufacturing milkof yearly average milkfat content. in 1967 it averaged 3.70 per cent.

The law provides that the support shall be accomplished by loans on, orpurchases of milk and dairy products. Over the years, the support has beencarried out almost entirely by purchases.

The Secratary announces before the beginning of each marketing year theprices at which Commodity Credit Corporation (an agency within the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture) will stand ready to buy butter, Cheddar cheese, andnon-fat dry milk offered to CCC at any tine during the marketing year. Theseare prices which will enable manufacturers of dairy products, on the average,to pay prices to farmers for manufacturing milk and butterfat corresponding tothe support level.

Whereas all handlers operating under the Federal Milk orders are requiredto pay not less than the minimum. prices established by such orders,manufacturers operating outside of Federal orders are not required to pay thesupport price. The prices actually paid by them are influenced also by thevolumes and efficiencies of plant operations, quality, competition, and otherfactors. In general, however, there is enough competition to make the supportprogramme highly effective in maintaining the general level of prices ofmanufacturing milk and butterfat throughout the Nation.

Dairy products have been removed from the domestic market by price supportpurchases in every year since 1949, and also during the years 1964 and 1965,by payrment-in-kind (PIK) export. of butter and non-fat dry milk under the PIKprogramme. Measured in terms of milk solids contents, support purchases in

COM. AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 7

1967-68 were equivalent to around 6 per cent of the total milkfat, and7.5 per cent of the total non-fat solids, in the total farm marketings ofabout 52 billion kilogrammes of milk equivalent.

Despite the decline in milk production in 1967, because of lowerutilization of fluid milk, production of butter, Cheddar cheese, and nonfatdry milk increased moderately from the low level of 1966.

QUANTITIES OF DAIRY PRODUCTS REMOVED FROM THE UNITED STATES-MARKETTHROUGH PRICE SUPPORT PURCHASES ANDPAYMENTS-IN-KIND(PIK)

EXPORTS, BY MARKETING YEARS 1964-65 TO1967-1968

l/Includes butter(anhydrous milkfat).

equivalent of other milkfat products such as butter oil

2/Less than 1 million kilogrammes; programme suspended early in 1966.

y Preliminary.

Marketingz orders

Milk marketing orders are authorized by the Agriculture MarketingAgreement Act of 1937.

A Federal milk order, or an amendment to an existing order, becomeseffective only after a public hearing on its provisions and after approval byproducers voting in a referendum.

The importance which dairy farmers place on such orders in stabilizingprices is indicated by the fact that the number of milk markets which haveadopted orders has more than doubled during the last decade. Separate milkorders regulated the pricing of milk in 74 fluid milk markets in January 1968.This included nearly half of all the milk produced in the Nation.

Marketing Butter1/ Non-fat dry milkyear Cheddar

(1April Total cheese Total

31. March) exporte remo purchases, ocaeto Purchases PIK Total exports removed

Million kgs.

1964-65 107 52 160 66 3/44 210 5551965-66 68 5 73 10 315 86 4011966-67 50 50 l8 191 2/ 1911967-68 111 11 79 288 288

COM.AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 8

The law provides that the prices set by a milk marketing order shallreflect the supplies and prices of feeds, and other economic conditions whichaffect the supply of and demand for milk and milk products, insure a sufficientquantity of milk, and be in the public interest.

A milk order classifies milk according to its uses in the market, andfixes or Drovides a method of fixing mnimum prices for such uses whichhandlers supplying the market must p y for milk. It provides either for thepayment of a uniform. price for milk to all producers delivering to the samehandler (individual handler pool) or for the payment of a uniform price to allproducers delivering to all handlers in the market (market-wide pool). Theprices paid to producers are adjusted by customary location and otherdifferentials, by seasonal factors, and milkfat contents.

Where an orderprovides for market-wide pooling, the handlers pay into thepool if their s. in the higher-valued use (mainly bottled milk) are higherproportions of their total sales than the market average; or receive from thepool if their proportions are lower than the average. This enables all handlersto pay the uniform or "blend" rice. The blend price is a weighted averageprice based on the quantities of milk in each use in the market and the classprices for such uses. Such blend price is computed each month.

In all orders, the minimum. prices for milk usea in manufacturing dairyproducts, such as cheese, butter, and non-fat dry milk are determined byformulae which relate such prices to either market prices of manufactured dairyproducts, or to the prevailing price paid farmers for manufacturing milk inthe North-central part of the Nation. In most orders, the higher prices formilk sold for consumption as milk (Class I use) are determined by addingspecified differentials to the manufacturing milk prices. Thus. the pricesreceived by farmers supplying milk to fluid milk markets are greatly influencedby the level at which the average price of manufacturing milk is maintained bythe price support programme, outlined below.

There is a wide range in Class I prices amongmarkets. They generally arehighest in the areas where most of the milk produced is consumed as liquidmilk and lowest where large quantities of manufactured dairy products areproduced.

In 1965, Congress enacted legislation in the Food and. Agriculture Actof 1965 authorizing the inclusion in milk orders of a Class I base plan whereproducers want it. Such a plan would allocate among producers the higher-priced(Class I) sales of milk for consumption as liquid milk, on the basis of theirproportions of the total deliveries of milk to the market in e recentrepresentative period. Instead of receiving, a blend price for all of theirmilk the producers would receive the higher Class I price on their allocationsand the lower manufacturing milk price on any excess deliveries. Thus farmerswho do not feel that they can profitably produce manufacturing milk couldreduce their production of such milk without losing their shares of theClass I market. As of early 1968, only one order Puget Sound, had beenamended to provide a Class I base plan.

COM .AG/W/4/Add.1Page 9

B.I.3. Amount o producer subsidies

B.I.4. The averagelevel of returned to milk producers

UNITED STATES AVERAGE PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS FOR MILK.,BYINDICATED USES 1964-1967

Minimum/Allmilk Manufacturing class

Calendar Price , Average Price Average Priceyear milkfat

per milkfat per milkfat per100 kgs test 100kgs.___________100kgs. test- 100kgs test 100 kgs.

Dollars Percent Dollars Per cent Dollars

1964 9.17 3.70 7J19 3.71 10.671965 9.35 3.71 7.41 3.73 10.821966, j 10.58 3.69 8.77 k 3.72 12.831967W 1 11.04 ! 3 70 895 3.71- 12.87

All milk sold for consumption as liquid milk ad for use inmanufacturing dairy products. i

2/Milk used in manufacturing dairy products, mainly butter andnon-fat dry milk, cheese, and evaporated milk.

3/For milk of basic milkfat test, which in most markets is 3.5 per cent.

4/Preliminary.

B.I.5. Method of determining returnefor producers

See under 1 and 2 above.

COM . AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 10

B.II. Measures at the frontier

A. Tariffs

As indicated in the following schedule, the United Statesmaintains moderate duty rates on dairy product imports.

UNITED STATES: AIRY PRODUCT TARIFFS

TSUS Units Ratesnumber Articles of 1/ ofqu____y _uantit duty

115.50 Dried milk and cream; not over 3%butterfat -... ...... .... ..... .... .

Butter, and fresh or sour cream, etc.(con.)-

When entered during the periodfrom 1 April to 15July,inclusive, in any year:

116.10 For not over 5,00OOOGOO pounds116.15 Other .....................

When entered during the periodfror. 16 July to 31 October,inclusive, in any year:

116.20 For not over 5,000,000 pounds116.25 Other. .....................

117.00117.05117.10

117.15

:117.20!117.25

117.30

117.35!117.40

Blue-mold cheese:In original loaves .............Other ..........

Bryndza cheese ...................

Cheddar cheese:Not processed otherwise than by

division into pieces ............Other ............ . ................

Edam and Gouda cheeses .............

Gjetost cheesesMade from goat's milk whey or fromwhey obtained from a mixture ofgoat's milk and not more than 20% ofcow's milk ............

Other ...............................

Goya and Sbrinz cheeses ..........Sbrinz in original loaves ........Other ... . ..

lb.

lb.lb.

lb.lb.

lb.lb.lb.

lb.lb.lb.

lb.lb.

lb.

lb.

1.5 cents

7 cents/lb.14 cents/lb.

7 cents/lb.14 cents/lb.

15% ad val.20% ad val. 215.5% ad.val.-

115%

!15%

1 12%25%25%

adadad

val.val.val.

ad val.ad val.ad val.

COM.AG/W/4/Add .1Page 11

TSUS Articles Units Ratesnumber I1y _ _untit dutv

Roquefort cheese:In original loaves . ...........Other.

Romano made from cow's milk, Reggiano,Parmesano, Provoloni, andProvolette cheeses .............In original loaves:Romano made from cow's milk ....Parmesano and Reggiano ........Provoloni and Provolette .

Other ..........................

Swiss or Emmenthaler cheese with eyeformation, Gruyere-process cheese,Gammelost, and Nokkelost. . . . . . . . . ..Swiss or Emmenthaler with eyeformation ........................

Gruyere-process ....................

Gammelost and Nokkelost .........

Other cheese, and substitutes forcheese:

Cheeses made from sheep's milk:In original loaves and suitablefor grating ..............

Pecorino, in original loaves,not suitable for grating ....

Other ..................

Other:Valued not over 25 cents per pound..Valued over 25 cents per pound .....

Colby ..........

Other ...............

1/1 lb. is equivalent to 0.45 kg.

lb. 110%lb. i218%

lb ;20%

lblb.lb.lb.

lb.

lb.lb.

lb.

lb.lb.

. . .

lb.lb.

ad

adval. /val.

ad val.

14% ad val.2/

11% ad val.

15% ad val.2/20% ad val.

5 cents/lb.20% ad val.2/20% ad val.Z18% ad val./

2/Reflects first stage of Kennedy Round concessions.

117.451.17.50117.55

117.60

117.65

117.67

117.70

117.75117.80


B. OtherProtection

In addition to tariff protection, certain dairy productsare subject to import quotas under Section 22 of theAgricultural Adjustment Act as amended. The Secretary ofAgriculture is required by this law to advise the Presidentwhenever he has reason to believe that products are beingimported under conditions and in such quantities as to renderineffective or materially interfere with any agriculturalprice support or other programme being carried out by theUnited States Department of Agriculture. An investigation ofthe matter is conducted by the United States Tariff Commissionand its findings reported to the President. The President thenis authorized to impose such quotas or fees on imports as hedeems necessary. The additional fees may not exceed 50 per centad valorem. and the quotas proclaimed may not be less than50 ner cent of the quantity imported during a previousrepresentative period as determined by the Presidant. The latestaction taken under this authorization was PresidentialProclamation 3790 of 30 June 1907. Under this proclamationrestrictions were placed on the importatiorn of butterfat productscontaining over 5.5 per cent butterfat; imports of all Americantype cheeses were placed. under quota; the quota for Cheddarcheese was increased; fresh and frozen cream was placed underquota; and the quota year was changed from a fiscal year to acalendar year basis.

Quotas for the calendar year 1 January to 31 December 1965 heve beenestablished as follows:

1. Administered by the United States Department of Agriculture under ImportLicensing procedures provided for under Import Regulation 1, itsrevisions and amendments.

Representative period Annual importave. annual imports quota-

1 Jan.-31 Dec.

(Pounds) (Pounds)

(a) Butter 1,411,525 (1930-34) 707,000

(b) Dried whole milk 13,055 (1948-50) 7,OO0

(c) Dried buttermilk and whey 991,283 (1948-.50) 496,000

(d) Dried cream (less than) 500 (1948-50) 500

(e) Dried skimmed milk 3,613,279 (1948-50) 1,807,000

COM. AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 13

Representative periodave. annual imports

(Pounds)

Annual importquota-

1 Jan.-31 Dec.

(Pounds)Malted milk, and articles of milk or

cream

(g) Cheddar cheese, and cheese andsubstitutes for cheese containing,or processed from, Cheddar cheese

(h) American-type chasse, includingColby, washed curd, and granularcheese (but not including Cheddar)and cheese and substitutes forcheese containing, or processedfrom, such American-type cheese

(i) Edam and Gouda cheeses

(j) Blue-mold (except Stilton) andcheese and substitutes for cheesecontaining, or processed from,blue-mold cheese

(k) Italian-type cheeses, made fromcow's milk, in original loaves(Romano made from cow's milk,Reggiano, Parmesano, Provoloni,Provolette, and Sbrinz)

5,490,262 (194-50)

12,193,200 (1961-65)

l,83l,085 (1948-50 )

2,066,000 (1948-50)

S,121,987 (1948-50)

8,8l2, 500

6,096,600

9,200,400

5,016,999

11, 500,100

2. Administered by the Bureau of Customs, United States Department ofTreasury, on a first-come, first-served basis.

(a) Cheddar cheese made from unpasteurizedmilk and aged not less than ninemonths, which prior to exportationhas been certified to meet suchrequirements by an officiaI of agovernment agency of the countrywhere the cheese was produced None 1,225,000

(b) Milk and cream, fluid or frozen freshor sour, containing over5.5 per cent but not over45 per cent by weight of butterfat 962,200 (1962-66)

(gallons)

(f)

1,500,000(gallons)

11,418 (1948-50) 6,000


Representative periodave. annual imports

(Pounds)

Annual importquota-

1 Jan.-31 Dec.

(Pounds)

Butter substitutes containing over45 per cent of butterfat providedfor in item 116.30 of the TariffSchedules of the United States,and butter oil however providedfor elsewhere in the TariffSchedules

Articles containing ever 5.5 per centby weight of butterfat, thebutterfat content of which iscommercially extractable, or whichare capable of being used for anyedible purpose (except thosearticles already subject to quotas,and articles imported packaged fordistribution in the retail tradeand ready for use by the purchaserat retail for an edible purpose orin the preparation of an ediblearticle):

(i) Over 45 per cent by weighto? butterfat

(ii) Over 5.5 per cent but notover 45 per cent by weightof butterfat and classifiablefor tariff purposes underitem 12_92 of the TariffSchedules of the UnitedStates

1,750,027 (1956)

None

2,122,400 (1961-65)

Australia

Belgium and Denmark(aggregate)

Other

One pound is equivalent to 0.45 kg.

(c)

(d)

1,200,000

o

2,240,000

340,000

0


Sanitary regulations

All milk and dairy products moved in, interstate commerce must complywith the provisions of the Federal, Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Provisionsof this act..stipulate.sanitary .and composition..requirements ,and provide forsampling and inspection of milk and dairy.products for purity and wholesomeness.State and local municipalities also carry out activities to assure propercomposition, purity and wholesomeness of milk and dairy products.

COM. AG/W/4/Add .1Page 16

C. CONSUMPTION AND INTERNAL PRICES:

C.1. Statistical data on consumption

MILK EQUIVALENT: DOMESTIC CIVILIAN DISAPPEARANCE, COMMERCIAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL SOURCES: TOTAL AND PER CAPITA UNITED STATES, 1964-67

Civilian disappearance Consumption excludingCCC donations from

supplies National CCC supplies

sumed of school mili-Year on butter lunch Commer- iltr oa

and and cialfarms sources utiliz-cheese special sources Civilian Military Total

to milkcivilian programmeschannels

Million kilogrammes1964 1,967 2,361 1,375 48,539 54,24.2 1,364 51,881 1,145 53,02(1965,) 1,776 1,630 1,458 48,972 53,836 ,1,279 52,206 1,083 53,2891966]J' 1,598 515 L,530 '49,454 53,097 1,078 52,581 1,078 53,659196kP 1,406 1,669 1,603 47,202 51,88O 1,085 50,398 1,085 51,483

.. . :/ ~~~~~~~~~Civilian consumption excludingPer capita civilian disappearance consuptionexcludingdonations from CCC supplies

Kilogrammes;

1964 11 12 7 256 286 2801965 9 8 8 255 280 2781966 8 3 7 255 273 277196 7 9 8 241 265 263

1/Milk and butter consumed in households on milk producing farms 1964-1967includes a small amount of farm-churned butter sold.

2/Includes any quantities used by military in civilian feeding programmes abroad.

3/Preliminary.

4/Estimated.

5/Aggregate in each category divided by total civilian population.


0.2. Trends in consumption and estimates for 1970

DAIRY PRODUCTS: PER CAPITA CIVILIAN CONSUMPTION,UNITED STATES 1964-967

Year Fluidmilk Butter Cheese Canned milk Dried milkand cream ________*__,. ___________ ____

Kilogrammes

1964 137 3.1 4.3 5.1 2.81965 136 2.9 i ..3 4.8 2.71966i<1 :135 2.6 4.4 2.8196i7- 130 2.5 4.6 ! 4.2 2 5

r __s*/Preliminary.

DAIRY PRODUCTS BALANCE SHEET OF THE UNITED STATES

1970Product 1960 1965 (national

forecast)

'000 metric tons

Whole Milk .

Production 55,842 56,325 54,885Used for animal feeding 1,156 935 758Net production 54,686 55,390 54 127

Consumption

Liquid milk 26,423 26,691 27,600Butter 627 586 498Cheese 680 I 836 j 973Condensed milk 1,131 9491 729Whole milk powder 26 1' 28 28Skim milk powder 508. 513' 565Others (in whole milk

equivalent) 4,93.13 5,,534 5,888Total in whole milk i

equivalent 53,387 54,559 54,590

Surplus .1,299 831 295_ _ _I-

Source: OECD AGR/WP3(68)3

C.3.Retail and wholesale prices

Retail prices of selected dairy products and margarine, 1964-1967,are set out in the following table:

UNIT

EDST

ATES

RETA

ILOF

1964

-196

7

Cheese,

Amer

ican

processed

(1/2

lb.

package)

Evaporated

milk

(14-1/2

oz.

cans

).Ma

rgar

ine

Page1

8 COM.AG/W/4/Add.1

Cent

s/Kg

s/kg

.-96

-1

11

11

11

11

1

1964

.1965

1966

1967

1964

1965

1966

1967

1964

1965

1966

1967

1964

1965

1966

1967

1.62

1.66

1.63

1.65

|.162

:1

.6--1

1.62

1.65

1G63

165

f1.63

1.65

1.62;

1.65

!1.6

31.65

1.64

1.67

11.

671.

681.

671.

69!

1.68

170

1.64

1.66

82.5

S3_..7

82.9

82.9

82.9

83.1

83.1

83.1

83.1

83.1

83.1

84.0

83.1

86.0

87.-

88.8

90g.

891

.791.9

92.2

95.2

-97.2

98.

99.0

98.3

93.0

98.1

97.9

97.4

i97.7

.97.2

96.6(

95.7

95.5

95.2

95.9

95.9

95.7

96.6

36.2

37.0

36.2

37.0

35.9

37.0

36.2

37.0

36.2

37.0

36.2

37.()

35.9

137.

035

.937.0

35-9

l37,10

35.9

3,7,0

36.6.

37.0

36.8

l37.

03f

6.2

j37.

0

37.0

41.4

37.3

i41.

0i3

7.5

41.4

.37

.7î

41.0

C37.9

41.0

38.4

41.0

38.6

41.0

_3)9 .S

40.8

39.99

A0.8

40.

(40,8

!40.

840.8

41.0

40.7

!38

.841.0

57.5

57.3

57.1

57.5

57.5

57.3

57.8

57.1

56.9

57.3

57.5

58.4

57.3

60.8

61.3

61.3

61..

761

.761.9

(1.7

61.5

61.5

61.3

61.3

61.1

61.5

61..

761.7

62.4

67.8

62.8

1

63.2

6'4.2

6G.0

6Y.3

65.u

64.4

64.2

63.9

63.5

G3.5

61.7

61.5

61.7

62.2

61.9

61.6

63.1

Butt

er

$/kg

.

Month

January

February

March

Apri

lMay

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Average

1.71

1.68

1.75

1.714

1.75

1.78

1.90

1.94

1.97

1.90

1.89

1.81

1.87

1.87

1.86

1.86

1.85

1.85

1.'2

1.82

1.84

1.84

1.83

1.8

31.85

80.2

80.7

i8o.

9i'80.7

I80.

7f 8

0.7

! 80.

280

.5

81.6

s82.

582

.280.9 __*_Sc_

RETA

ILPRICES

OFSELECTED

DAIR

YPRODUCTS

AND

MARGARINE

BYMO

NTHS

1964-1967

(con

t'd)

Milk,

fres

h,av

erag

epr

ice

inleading

Non-

fat

dry

milk1/

Month

averagepricei

nlead

ingDr

ywhole

mile

2/ci

ties

(hal

f-ga

llon

(Hum

anco

nsum

ptio

n)containers)

191961.72196

419

651966

1967'

_196

1926

67

January

24.6

24.5

24,5

26.5

j32

.21

32.0

533.36

44.09

76.2

673.08

81.11

91.53

February

24.6

24.3

24.6

26.3

32.30

32.1

933

.58

43.65

75.33

71.0

178.68

91.49

March

24.4

24.3

24.8

2(6.2

32.2

331.86

34.3

344

.03

76.1

975

.55

79.3

489.53

Apri

l24

.3241.1

25.0

G26

.232.34

31.9

937.'21

43.9

273

.66

68.01

84.61

88.16

May

24.2

2e.9

25.0

26.3

32.3

232

<05

38.0

343

.96

73.63

74.7

680

.78

88.O

1Ju

ne24.2

23.8

25.0

26.4

32.2

332.08

38.4

343.94

71.2

773

.46

81.6

à84.357

July

24.4

24.0

25.4

26.3

31,59

39.12

43.01

43.83

72.64

75.0

093.67

85.9g

Augu

st24

.424

.326

.226.4

32.30

32.45

44.67

4376

75.e55

ro3

93.83

88.e

Sept

embe

r24

.524

.326.4

26.6

32'.61

32.54

45.5

243;94

80.7

176.12

99.30

87.5

4October

24.7

24..5

26.7

26.8

32.5

632.76

44.00

43.9

873.10

77.34

9526

94.7

1No

vemb

er224-.5

26.

26.8

32.25

32.9

644.97

43O9

474.05

79.1

092

.99

94.l

1December

24.6

U24.6

26.ô

26.9

32.14

33.07

44.25

43-.

7274.91

79.78

94.2`27

90.6v5

Average

24.5

2L:..3

25.5

26.5

32.25

32.34

40.1

243

.92

74.6

074.96

87.9

689

.58

1/Retail

pric

esnot

available.

poin

ts,

United

Stat

es.

average

whol

esal

eprice

for

goods

atmanufacturer's

dist

ribu

ting

2/Retail

pric

enot

available.

Aver

age

whol

esal

epr

ice

f.o.b.

plan

t,United

Stat

es.

Sour

ce:

Bureau

ofLabor

Stat

isti

cs&Ec

onom

icRe

sear

chService.


C.4. Factors which condition the evolution of internal consumption

Not available.

C.5. Policies and measures affecting consumption

(a) Consumer subsidies - none.

(b) Other measures

Large quantities of dairy products removed from the market underthe price support programme have been donated to the school lunchprogramme, to needy families, to charitable institutions, and to otherGoverment agencies for such uses as increasing consumption bymilitary personnel and veterans' hospital patients. These programmesprovided additional outlets for the equivalent of some 7 billion poundsof mulk or about 6 per cent of total United Sates productionin1967.

The United States Department of Agriculture administers a foodstamp programme in a number of areas where needy ffamilies are assistedin buying foods in the regular food stores. These families buy foodsincluding milk and other dairy products with stamps furnished bythe Federal Government. The stores return the stamps to the Governmentfor cash.

In 1965, Congress granted the Secretary of agriculture additionalauthority to buy dairy products for programme use. The Food andAgriculture Act of 1965 authorizes the use of CCC funds to buy dairyproducts at market prices for domestic and foreign school lunch,welfare and other uses whenever CCC's price support stocks areinsufficient for such uses.

During periods of plentiful supply, substantial quantities ofnonfat dry milk removed from the market under price support programmeshave been sold at concessional prices to foreign governments for usein developing their school lunch programmes. Large quantities ofnon-fat dry milk and, from time to time, substantial quantities ofbutter and cheese have also been donated for use in the assistance ofneedy persons and in non-profit school lunch and special food assistanceprogrammes outside the United States. These products have been donatedfor foreign distribution through non-voluntary agencies registered withthe United States Government and International Organizations,including religious agencies, the United Nations InternationalChildren's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and CARE. These uses not only haveimproved the diets of millions of young children and adults, but alsohave helped to develop market demand for dairy products.


In addition to donations of dairy products removed from themarket under the dairy support programme for school lunch, welfare,and other uses, the United States Government has encouraged increasedconsumption of milk andits products in the following ways:

1. Milk is served under a special programme for childrenat times in those schools which do not serve a complete lunch.

2. Milk consumption per person among the military personnel hasbeen greatly increased by a special milk programme.

3. For many years, the United States Department of Agriculturehas co-operated with the food trades in promoting and featuringplentiful foods including milk and its products.

COM .AG/W/4/Add .1Page 22

D. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND PRICES

D.1. Statistical data on the volume and value of imports and exportsby source and destination

Statistical data are given in the following table:

Page

Imports of principal dairy products 23

Cheese: imports by country of origin 24

Exports of selected dairy products 25

Butter exports by country of destination 26

Non-fat dry milk: exports by country of 27destination

Exports of specified dairy products by typeof shipments 30

Because of the decline in milk production during the past three yearsand reduced availability of some manufactured dairy products, United Statesparticipation in world commercial dairy product trade has declined sharplyfrom the high level reached in 1964.

UNIT

EDST

ATES

IMPORTSOF

PRINCIPALITEMS,

'uan±tity,V

alue

Item

s16

1065

166-

126

167

11965

166

167

Crea

M,fresh

Butt

erCh

eese

,all

Swiss

Gruyère

Pecorino

Blue

Moul

dEdaM

and

Gouda

Colb

y2/

All

other

cheeses

not

list

edabove

Caseom

.dr

ied

Tota

lvalue

'000

kgs.

4,50

3302

35,325

5,219

2,346

7,578

1,927

3,071

5,l8

4

10,000

49, 1

94

.5,7

14 339

35,975

4,726

'2,410

.7,2

131,

996

.3,4

32.6

,418

9,78

041

,635

6,78

430

361

,451

6,691

4,13

87,

148

2,34

64,943

20g863

15,322

48,946

5,67

2307

68,848

6,511

4,462

7,14

42,175

5,26

525

,090

18,2

0143,626

2,014

362

39,491

6,42

72,779

10,420

2,136

3,11

72,

725

11,887

20,3

13

62,180

*2,487

385

43,

.236,

001

2,88

6*1

2,16

02,209

3,537

3,49

9

12,731

26,621

72,51

6

3e19

536

560

,110

7,98

84

108

11,4

712,

621

4,991

12,570

16,361

27,1

65

90,8352/

2,811

377

64;58

77,929

4,14

610,1

602,548

*5;59

616

,264

17,944

;23,50o6

91,2

812'

~~~~~i

-L-I1

1/Preliminary

2/No

tsh

own

separately

byBureau

ofConsus

prior

toSeptember

1963

.

3/Do

esnot

incl

ude

impo

rts

ofbu

tter

fat/

suga

rmixtures

of49

million

kgs.

,valued

atab

out

$25million

in19

66an

d45

million

kgs.,

valued

at$23mi

llio

nin

1967

.o O .

-

t

DAIRY

PROD

UCTS

:


CHEESE: lMPORTS BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, 1964-67 1/

Country of 1964 1965 1966 1967destination .. 1966 1967

'000 kgs.

Canada 3 220 540 414Argentina 1,751 1,448 2,074 2,675Brazil - - 1lDenmark 4,490 4,555 10,340 13,837Netherlands 2,276 2,490 3,765 3,783United Kingdom 91 181 143 204Portugal 24 76 45 60Sweden 341 377 731 1,066Switzerland 4,902 4,642 5,707 4,655Yugoslavia 183 191 262 27,1Austria 1,243 1,154 2,390 2,05Finland 1,494 1,562 3,172 3,707Belgium 4 69 1,334 1,068France 1,509 1,830 6,901 3,966Germany-West 271 442 797 2,181Greece 302 435 366 412Ireland 196 725 909 1,367.Italy 9,395 8,341 7,513 7,327Norway 541 580 701 828Bulgaria 379 576 583 682Czechoslovakia 29 35 40 i 87Poland 48 39 547 946Australia 1,105 2,127 1,211 1,102New Zealand 4,384 3,528 9,654 15,047.Others 59 353 1,708 1,106

Total 35,325 35,976 61,452 68,8466. , , | _ _ _ _ _ _

1/Preliminary

DAIRY

PROD

UCTS

:UNITED

STATES

EXPORTS

OFSELECTED

PRODUCTS,

QUAN

TITY

ANDVA

LUE1964-67

Item

s

Butter2/

....

..

Cheese,

all

types

Milk

proc

esse

d:

Condensed,

sweetened

....

Evaporated

...

Non-

fat

drie

dmi

lk3/

1/Preliminary.

1964

Quan

tity

Valu

e

'000

kgs.

*00°

134,848

4,12

1

28,50

3

17,1

07

594,

952

116

191

4,04

3

'15,247

5,636

1127678

1965

1966

Quan

tity

Valu

eQuantity

Valu

e

'000

kg,

$100

0o

000

kg000

1l

29,8

26

3,09

9

25,598

11,4

52

391,

490

29,961

37399

15,6

194,

164

117,697

6,211

2,72

3

41,1

3318

,04

175,853

t1I

I--

7,894

3,69

4

22,7

67

5,86

5

63,2

72

1967Il'

Quan

tity

Value

'100

0kg

s$5

000

..1,329

2,Q33

2,884

4,099 s.~~~~

~~~~~~

~~~

13,247

7,35

515,318

5,06

2

185,514

8o,,99

2/Includes

butt

ereq

uiva

lent

ofanhydrous

milk

fat.

3/Includes

donation

shipments.

0?


Table 1(b)

UNITEDSTATES BUTTER EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION,1964-67

Country of 194 16 16destination 1964 | 1965 1 j966 1967... . .. . , 1, , 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

'000 kgs.

Mexico 2,661 5 51 4El Salvador 571 136 - -Dominican Republic 1,795 20 11 2Jemaica 1,608 249 51 11Nicaragua 680 52 _ 18Costa Rica 338 325 _ 1Ecuador 820 - _Peru 4,650 1,570 418Chile 4,016 1,831 807Venezuela 3,417 27 _Brazil 8-,594 378 _Bolivia 1,187 _ _United Kingdom 4,570 - _Spain 137 1,366 _ _Portugal 795 - _France 9,330 6,582 -Belgiun 7,410 2,348 _ _Germany, West 2s459 2.128 _ _Italy 3,358 54 40840Poland 10,242 1,946 -Yugoslavia 2,368 13 1_Greece 1,475 275 1 1Netherlands 3,045 1 37Switzerland 1,254 723 - _Germany, East 3,410 1,313 _Turkey 1,176 -_ _Israel 997 1,115 - 2Iran 2,1!l 608 134Pakistan 2,376 194 6 4India 9,520 407 - _Viet Nam 333 368 1,318 _Taiwan 508 33 69Korea 1, 311 977 930 771Japan 525 599 479 171Philippines, Rep. of 875 711 88 3Nansei Is. 836 538 706 230Algeria 7,701 _ _Morocco 2,150 233 10Tunisia 1,007 850 - _Egypt 4,585 _ 26 |S. Africa, Rep. off 8,351 161 _Others 10,259 1,654 698 144

Grand total 1_134,848 f_29,826 6,211 1,5362-- r -.

1/Preliminary

COM.AG/W//4/Add. 1Page 27

Table 1(c)NON-FATDRY MILK: UNITED STATES EXPORTS BY COUNTRY

OF DESTINATION, 1964-67

Country 1964 1965 1966 19672J_ 1 - -,, _

CanadaMexicoGuatemalaEl SalvadorBritish HondurasHondurasNicaraguaCosta RicaPanama, Republic ofBahemasBermudaDominican RepublicHaitiJamaicaLeeward and Windward Is.Netherlands Antilles

ColombiaEcuadorPeruChileVenezuelaBrazilBoliviaParaguayUruguayBritish GuianaSurinamTrinidad and TobagoUnited KingdonSpainPortugalNetherlandsBelgiumFranceDemarkGermany, WestItalyAustria

'000 kgs.

2,5342094714,5703,258

112844

1,583528987126131

6,o602,0751,670414225

11,3505,6357,28510,5516,536

35,0161,954

3161,181

600283689

7,0939,7843,166

138,6328,3781,084

27,4422,50131,637

200

4. 12214,1431,3422,165

76621

1,400907

1,16110344

4,932.1,2161,948

460230

11,1921,5116,401

11,5943,945

36,649725585877395383348140

13,4764,352

54Y,5731716053

9993;' 55

256

1812,2421,9cO001,408

138291

1,112624635

a

333e882

510664401156

1,762609

4,7805,0701,382

19,453301699659'30103

356

2,3441, 163

2714862219

2, 0874

590614

2,4911,398

60660

4,4.12926926414

2,406437

1,46245326

11,7771,1324,2104,912

2924,6001,176

541507445

i6,1011,304

41

26

13

1\Preliminary

-;

COM. AG/W/4/Add .1Page 28

Table 1(c) (cont'd)

Country 1964 1965 | 1966.. ..-19671/

PolandYugoslaviaGreeceSwedenSwitzerlandHungary

Cyprus

TurkeySyriaLebanonIsraelJordanIraqIran

AfghanistanPakistanIndiaCeylonBurmaMalaysiaThailandViet Na

Hong KongTaiwanKoreaJapanIndonesiaPhilippines, Rep. ofLaosNansei Islands

'000 kgs.

8,38913,887

l 337

11, 919

7,66294

6,061197367

5,418240

1,2852,872

27110,440

29,3403,547497

1,083418

2,3761,1054,3698,494

66,010

8,29818,878

712,783

3,18714,8951,936

671,267

91

7,0191,029714

4,814

666493

2,648538

9,27029,9584,062

5271,323

8091,757

6314,3579,e84653,602

77116,254

1913,478

1,6761,083

998113

217

5,4554

628223251219

1,794534

1,07537,210

701824216676

11,249518

2,1455,826

16,644743

13,30423

2,127

4,288

2,114177

10,40413736160664213663387

1,45421,7322,549877783628

6,416239

3,86113,529

541601

13,129

2,221

1/Preliminary

COM. AG/W/4/Add.1Page 29

Table 1(c) (cont'd)

Country 1964 1965 1966 1967-/

'000 kgs.

Morocco 1,481 784 1,012 1,584Liberia 144 158 210 258Algeria 2,221 . 1,778Ghana 1,006 1,30 632 825Nigeria 1,422 1,960 729 720Tunisia 1,186 1,637 873 1,S49Congo, Republic of 322 2,489 382 1,406South Africa, Rep. of 827 1,252 1,431 230Ethiopia 235 487 351 236Egypt 3,845 10,645 1,404 3,986Other Africa 2Y825 4,175 4,360 8,594

Others 4,502 2,913 2,302 1,229

Grand total 594,625 391,490 175M53 185,514

2/preliminary

DAIRYPRO

DUCT

S:UN

ITED

STAT

ESEX

PORT

SOF

SPEC

IFIE

DPRODUCTS

BYTY

PEOF

SHIP

MENT

S.19

64-1

967

'000

kgs

Publ

icLa

w48

0

Tota

lTi

tle

Tabl

eIl

Title

III

AID

Gove

rnme

ntSa

les

for

Comm

odity

expo

rts1

/Sa

les

programme

gove

rnme

ntdollars/

and

year

for

Donations

Donations

Barter

sale

s2/

fore

ign

_I

currency

_____

--

1964

1965

........

1966

Cheese

1964

........

1965

.......

1966

19675/...

Canned

milk

1964

........

1965

........

1966

1967.....

Dry

whole

milk

1964

........

1965

.......

19666/.

1967.'

Non-fatdrymilkU

1964

........

1965

........

19666/

........

196

..

134,848

29,8

266,

211

1,329

4,122

3,099

2,72

22,884

45,610

41,0

5160

,177

28,56

5

6,304

8,391

7,06

95,

397

594,

625

391,

490

1753853

-8551,L'.

1,85

11,240

441

480

100

28,324

30,778

417703

13,318 478

1,813

154

2/

7,65

37,816

1,692

Negl.

4,193

912

18,201

13,7

314,931

61,365

3,18

7 99Negl.

121 2 23 194

216,113

200,

8Q5

98,586

60,5041121,110

5,70

3

740

17,1

91 276

617

580

967

il

Negl.

il 1 34 123

275

Negl

.

24 103

726

Negl.

137 12

Nogl.

366

69,328

56,564

18,616

61,1

569/

23,520

4,92

01,

329

3,144

2,99

72,699

2,88

4

17,058

10,1

5018,199

15,2

47

5,8O29'

6,47

56,189

59397

266,002

112,286

14,41

3,90

0

1/Data

fromBureau

ofCensus,

USDe

pt.

ofCommerce.

2/Inc

lude

sex

pend

itur

esunder

commodity

(non

-development

loans.

3/

Sales

at

concessional

prices

restricted

mainly

school

lunch

programmes.

4/

Incl

udes

products

moved

into

exportun

der

special

sales

programmes.

5/Includes

butt

erequivalent

ofan

hydr

ous

milk

fat,

butter

oil,

and

ghee

.6/

Preliminary;

ship

ment

sby

prog

ramm

epartially

esti

mate

d.7/If

any,

incl

uded

unde

rsa

les

for

doll

ars.

8/

Includes,

1,012,000

kgs.

long

-ter

mcr

edit

sale

s,Title

IV.

9/Includes

20,000

kgs.

,lo

ng-t

erm

credit

sales,

Title

IV.

, ',

. . H

COM.AG/W/4/Add . 1Page 31

D.2. Levels of export prices prevailing in various markets;levels of import prices -

Export prices series for certain dairy products and values ofselected dairy products in country of origin are given in the followingtables.

SELE

CTED

UNITED

STATES

EXPO

RTPR

ICESERIES

FORNON-FAT

DRYMI

LK,BU

TTER

AND

CHEDDAR

CHEE

SE19

64-1

967

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Ave.

Cents

per

kg.

Oqu

I

(CCC)

Expor

Sales

Price

for

Sprav

Process

r-3

~-~r~

I__I

Non--FatMilk

f.a.

s.Basis

Port-of-Exports

16.3

19.0

20.0

30.2

28.7

28.5

(CCC

stoc

ksde

plet

ed,

26.1

2k4,

.426.7

31.1

I3.1

|336

28.7

29.0

2288

j28.8

28.8

28.8

28.8

export

sales

programmes

suspended

10February

1966)

Export

Sales Pric

eforGrade

Butt

er,

f.a.s.

Basis

Port-of-Export

59.4

59.7

|61.9

64.9

71.3

76.3

76.4

79.3

J89.2

J102.4

93.6

g88.

8i

.;6

177.6

68.9

69.4

69.1

68EX9

68.9

69.o

68.9

658.

9(C

CCst

ocks

depleted,

expo

rtsales

programmes

susp

ende

d10

February

1966)

I_

I-

I-

I-

lI

-

lExport

Sale

sPr

ice

55.3

66.6

,51.1

66.6

Cor

59.1

66.6

Cheddar

Cheesof.a.s.e

Basi

sPortt-of-w

63.7

68.3

66.g

70.3

67.5

66.6

67.5

66.6

67.7

67.7

66.6

66.6

68.1

'23.7

t29.

7

72.8

76.9

61.7

67.7

1/No

export

sales.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

15.7

33,.3

29.7

15.7

33.6

29.7

59.7

96.3

68.9

1964

1965

î966

1967z/

1964

1965

1966

1967-.

1961..

1965#

1964

196/

USICCC

54.5

70.5

52.0

66.6

a

__

__

-___

___

__-----

__

__

-...

....-__

_._L_ 1

_.L

UNIT

EDSTATES

IMPORTS:

VALUE

OFSE

LECT

EDDA

IRY

PRODUCTS

INCO

UNTR

YOF

ORIG

INUS

$PER

KG.

1964-1967BTMONTHS1/

_.____

____f

_OI_.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

.Oc

t.No

v.Dec.

Emme

ntha

ler

orSw

iss

Chee

se:

Swit

zerl

and

1.43

1.43

1.52

1.50

1.51

1.49

1.57

1.59

1.41

1.50

1.51

1.61

1.43

1.52

1.49

3.58

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.50

1.54

1.41

1.56

1.65

1.46

1.50

1.50

.1.

611.

571.57

1.60

1.58

Gruy

ereProcessCheese:

Switzerland

1.32

1.32

1.30

1.32

1.32

1.31

1.43

1.35

1.30

1.39

1.41

1.39

1.30

1.41

1.36

1.45

.

Roquefort

Cheese:

Fran

ce

2.18

2.23

2.43

2.40

2.53

2.e3

2.56

2.52

2.23

2.43

2.53

2.54

2.23

2.43

2.56

2.53

1.43

1.94

1.35

1.40

2.20

2.43

2.54

2.54

Blue-Mould

Cheese:

Denm

ark

1.10

1.10

î.og

î.îo

1.09

1.10

1.19

1.14

1.10

1.08

1.O0

1.13

1.13

1.1E

1.1l

1.o8

1.08

1.14

>1.

17

1.48

1.46

1.45

1.62

2.20

2.43

2.53

2.53

.1.10

1.08

1.14

*1.1

6

Edam

and

Gouda

Cheese:

Neth

erla

nds

1.04

1.06

1.01

1.04

.94

.98

1.08

1.09

1,06

1.06

1.04

1.04

1.04

1.03

1.05

1.08

1.08

1.06

1.06

1.10

1.06

11.08

1.05

1.12

1.34

1.32

Z1.

591.36

1.34

1.29

1.48

1.36

2.20

2.23

2.43

2.43

2.54

2.47

2.58

2.53

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.1Q.

1.09

1.12

1.18

1.19

1.06

1.04

1.06

1.02

1.05

1.04

1.11

1.08

1/CombutedfromUSimport

stat

isti

csbased

oncustom

valuation

Valuesin

foreigncountries

the

there-

fore

excludes

impo

rtduties,

ocean

freight

andmarine

insurance.

(Above

prices

areroughly

equivalent

to

f.o.b.

price

countryof

origin.)

1964

...

1i965

...

1966

...

1967

...

1.37

1.61

1.42

1.61

137

1.50

1.50

1.5g

1.41

1.50

1.41

1.59

1.46

1.50

1.54

1.54

1.32

1.34

1.33

1..3

6

1.32

1.37

1.35 ,.39

1.96

2.23

2.47

2.53

1.0

1.10

1.10

1.14

1.32

1.39

1.33

1.35

2.03

2.43

2.52

2.51

i10

1.10

1.10

1.17

1964

...

1965

...

1966

...

1967

...

1964

...

1965

o--

1966

...

1967

...

1964

...

1965

...

1966

...

1967

...

1964

...

1965

..1966

..1967

...

1.30

1.34

1.31

1.2

9

2.01

2.43

2.53

2.52

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.15

2.01

2.40

2.53

2.53

1.15

1.10

1.09

1.15

0.97

1.01

1.03

1.04

0.97

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.06

1.04.99

1.06

1.01

1.04

1.03

1.07

O .

.re

@_

I


D.3. Export aid measures and policies

From, 1966 through calendar 1967, virtually no dairy products wereoffered for sale to exporters from CCC stocks. Butterfat productsacquired by CCC under the Price Support Programme during these yearswere used in domestic school lunch and welfare programmes. Sizeablequantities of non-fat dry milk continued to be made available underdonation programmes for overseas use in relief and welfare feedingprogrammes.

D.4. Description of bilateral agreements affecting imports or exports

For many years, the United States has had a large bilateralprogramme of food aid. Under such arrangements, large quantities ofdairy products have been donated for use in special feeding programmesin many ccuntries. As indicated above, during recent years non-fat drymilk has been the only dairy product available in significant volumefor use in overseas food aid programmes.

Documents

RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON COM.AG/W/4/Add.1 TARIFFS