RESTRICTED A/3/O8/PL GREN TRAINING WITH GRENADES With Grenades.pdf · Pr eface i Amendment Sheet ii Contents iii 1. General 1-1 2. The No 8 and 7 R1M1 Hand Grenade 2-1 3- The M26

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A/3/O8/PL GREN

TRAINING WITH GRENADES

The information given in this document is not to be communicated, either di= rectly or indirectly, to the Press or to any person not authorised to receive it.

Issued bySA ARMY HEADQUARTERS

FEBRUARY 1980

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PREFACE

1. This handbook is compiled to form a complete manual on the different grenades in use and should be distributed to all arms of the SA Army.

2. The manual replaces all provisional handbooks in res= pect of the weapons prescribed in this handbook. Grenades still evaluated for use in the SA Army will be included on completion of the evaluation.

3. I trust that knowledge of the contents of the manual will not only enable users to employ the weapons efficient= ly but also minimize accidents which occur as a result of not complying with the prescribed safety precautions. Any member handling these weapons must have had formal trai= ning in the use of that respective grenade.

4. Proposals and/or proposed amendments must be submitted annually during July to this Headquarters, Doctrine Sec= tion. Amendments will be distributed by this Headquar= ter s.

CH TTTTTENL

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AmendmentNo

Date amended

Amended by

AmendmentNo

Date amended

Amended by

a • b. c. d. e. f .

*

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CONTENTS

Volume Description Page

a. b. c.

Pr eface i

Amendment Sheet ii

Contents iii

1. General 1-1

2. The No 8 and 7 R1M1 Hand Grenade 2-1

3- The M26 Hand Grenade 3-1

4. The Grenade Hand WP and No 83 4-1

Grenade s

5. Grenade Hand (2 Star) Instant 5-1

Light

6. Grenade Rifle He No 103 6-1

7. Grenade, Rifle, 75 mm Heat 7-1

8. 36 Hand Grenade 8-1

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VOLUME 1 : GENERAL

INTRODUCTION

1. Aim. The aim of this chapter is to introduce to, and teach recruits the recognition, preparation, safety mea= sures and uses of the various grenades.

2. General Description. Grenades are designed either to be thrown by hand or to be projected by rifles. Grenades normally consist of cylindrical bodies filled with incen= diary, smoke or illuminating compositions etc. Most types are fitted with safety levers which fly off after the safe= ty pins have been removed. The bodies of grenades are not strong and can easily be damaged, particularly at the sol= dered joints.

3. Recruit Instruction. The emphasis during training must be on practise with drill grenades (if available), from battle positions. This is the only way to ensure that the soldier will throw or fire the various grenades in the most efficient way. The time for such training is limited but the use of grenades can easily be incorporated in trained soldier exercises with other weapons and in tac= tical exercises. During training with live grenades, in= structors should not lay too much stress on the questionof danger, which could lead to lack of confidence and nervous handling, but are to impress on men the need for care and common sense.

Safety Precautions. Before each training period on any type of grenade begins, and whenever a grenade is picked up, it must be examined to see that it is either not primed or absolutely safe. This action is known as the first safety precaution.

5. Drill Grenades

a. Describe the various drill grenades and safety precautions.

b. The no 7 handgrenade should not be used.

PRINCIPLES OF THROWING GRENADES

INSTRUCTORS NOTES

AIM

5. To teach the principles of throwing grenades.

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STORES

6. Two drill grenades for the instructor and each man.

7. To encourage "high angle" throwing a "high wire" should be erected.

INSTRUCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE

8. Practise. After the demonstration of throwing, prac = tise should be in two stages :

a. To enable the instructor to watch and correct each man individually, each man should, in turn, thrown two grenades while the rest of the squad carry out throwing actions without grenades. Words of command to be used are "No 1 etc", "Ready", and "throw".

b. Throwing over the high wire.

9- During practise in stage a. instructors should note the distance each man can throw and, when using the high wire, men should be placed at distances of 20 to 35 m from the target according to their throwing ability, but not directly behind each other.

10. Correction of Faults. The following faults are common when throwing and must be watched for and corrected :

a. Loss of distance because the grenade is'being re= leased, either before the hand reached, or after it has passed, the highest point above the shoul= der.

b. The grenade falling wide because the shoulder is not kept in line with the target.

11. The instructor should not try to alter a man’s style of throwing if he is getting good results.

CONDUCT OF THE LESSON

PRELIMINARIES

12. Make each man pick up two grenades and make sure that they carry out the first safety precaution. Number the squad and extend them to two paces interval; point out the target area. Bring the squad round in a half circle for revision and give the approach; then send them back to their places.

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REVISION

13. Question the squad on the recognition of drill gre = nades.

APPROACH

14. Explain that the grenade may have to be thrown at a high angle to obtain distance and to drop into an enemy position. To get the required angle, it is best to "bowl" the grenade in a similar way to a cricket ball; the ave = rage man can send it 25 to 35 metres provided he throws it with a free and easy swing. This lesson concentrates on obtaining accuracy with a high throwing angle.

THROWING

15. Explain that, before throwing, the thrower must get into the "ready" position.

16. The Ready Position. Explain and demonstrate, with the squad imitating, that to get into this position, the gre= nade is picked up and held in the right hand with an over= head grip. Point out that the lever is uppermost with the fingers over it and the first or second finger of the left hand is placed through the ring of the safety pin. The grenade is held to the body about the waist; the body is then turned to the right so that the left shoulder and foot are towards the target (see fig 1-1). Point out that, if any one of the squad is a left-handed thrower, the grenade will be held in the left hand with the first or second finger of the right hand through the ring and the right shoulder towards the target (see fig 1-2).

17. The Throwing Action. (See figs 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5).Explain and demonstrate, with the squad imitating, thatto throw the grenade, the left arm is kept still and close to the body and by vigorously thrusting the right arm backwards and downwards, the pin is pulled out; the thrower must glance down at the grenade to make sure that the safety pin has come out (see fig 1-3).

18. Looking in the direction of the target and keeping the left shoulder pointing in that direction, the body is swung backwards as far as possible, allowing the left hand (see fig 1-3 and 1-5) (and left foot if necessary) to come up naturally. Then, without any pause, the body and straight right arm are swung quickly forward, the grenade being released as the hand reaches its highest point above the shoulder (see figs 1-4 and 1-5). The fall of the gre= nade must be watched.

19- Give the squad practise in throwing.

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20. Give the squad practise in throwing over the high wire

CONCLUSION

21. Questions to and from the squad.

22. Further practise of weak points.

23. Question the squad on safety measures.

24. Sum up.

Fig 1-1The Ready Position (Right Hand Thrower)

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Fig 1-2The Ready Position (Left Handed Thrower)

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Fig 1-4The Throwing Action

Fig 1-5The Throwing Action

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THROWING AND LOBBING GRENADES

INSTRUCTORS NOTES

AIM

25. To teach the throwing and lobbing of grenades.

STORES

26. Two drill grenades for the instructor and each man.


27. Ground. The ground for this lesson should have natural and artificial features to allow the grenade to be thrown and lobbed in different positions.

28. Position of the Squad. The right side of the instruc= tor is usually best for the squad when watching grenade throwing or lobbing demonstrations.

29. Practise. This may be best given by dividing the squad into two, one half to be practised in throwing while the other half criticizes; they are then changed round. Practise should be given stationary and on the move in lobbing round cover, through windows, doorways, etc.

30. Target Area. This must be pointed out by the instruc= tor before throwing or lobbing begins. Suggested distan= ces for throwing are up to 35 metres standing and 15 metres lying.


PRELIMINARIES

31. Issue the grenades and carry out the first safety -precaution.

REVISION

32. Give the squad practise in throwing (Lesson 2).

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33. The basic principles in throwing a grenade have been learnt and must now be applied in a more realistic way; this lesson teaches throwing from behind cover and lobbing of the grenade.

THROWING

34. Standing Position. (See fig 1-6). Explain and demon= strate from a trench or high cover, how the thrower first carefully observes the enemy position and then gets into the "ready position". Making full use of the cover, he throws the grenade and at once gets down behind cover. If possible, he should then look to see where the grenade has fallen.

35. Give the squad practise in the standing position in throwing from behind cover.

36. Lying Position. (See fig 1-7). Explain and demon: strate, from behind a low bank or a wall, etc, how,the thrower carefully studies the position of his target, and, keeping well down behind cover, gets the grenade into the "ready position". To throw the grenade he presses himself up with both hands, keeping the left knee on the ground (see fig 1-7), he then swings his body quickly backwards and throws the grenade and at once lies down behind his cover.

37- Give the squad practise in throwing grenades from the lying position.

38. Practise to be given in throwing from a kneeling or crouched position (see fig 1-8).

LOBBING

39- Explain that, when fighting in close country, or in a built-up area, it may be necessary, quickly to "plant" or "lob" a grenade through a window or door or into a clump of bushes (see fig 1-9).

40. Demonstrate lobbing the grenade for several different situations.

41. Practise the squad in lobbing grenades.

CONCLUSION


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43. Final practise of weak points.

Fig 1-6Standing Position

Fig 1-7Lying Position

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Fig 1-8Kneeling or Crouched Position

Fig 1-9Lobbing

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VOLUME 2 : THE NO 8 AND 7 R1M1 HAND GRENADE

INSTRUCTORS NOTES

AIM

1. To teach the recognition and preparation of the No 8 HE hand grenade.

PERIODS

2. Two 40 minute period lectures.

STORES

3. The following are required for this lesson :

a. Drill grenades.

b. Instructional grenades.

c. Boxes containing drill or instructional grenades.

d. Drill HE grenades of live appearance fully condi= tioned.

PRELIMINARIES

a. Arrange stores in order of use.

b. Squad seated facing instructor.

c. Carry out safety precautions.

CONDUCT OF LESSON

APPROACH

5- Explain the aim of the lesson. The grenade is a HE Anti-personnel grenade and may be used in an offensive or defensive role. On explosion it may kill or cause wounds up to 20 metres from the point of burst; when exploding on hard ground casualties may be inflicted up to a dis= tance of about 300 metres. It is most useful for dealing with enemy in slit trenches, dugouts and buildings. It is

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also useful in close-quarter fighting, but there is always a risk in the open, of causing casualties to one’s own side. This lesson teaches how to recognise a live No 8 grenade and how to prepare it for throwing.

DESCRIPTION (See fig 2-1 and 2-2)

6. The 'grenade is set off by a detonator assembly having a 4,5 seconds delay. The detonators and grenades are packed separately, the grenades being primed before use.

7. The grenade consists of :

a. A. A striker mechanism.

b. B2. Polystyrene type styron 475 body.

c. Bl. Fragmentation steel wire 10 notches 1,1 mmdeep per' 49 mm.

d. B3. A retaining screw plug.

8. The body is cylindrical, recessed to accommodate thefragmentation sleeve thread and the base to retain tjie fragmentation sleeve by means of the retaining screw plug. The top plate of the grenade is threaded to receive the striker me.chanism. The grenade is filled with a combina = tion of TNT and RDX pellets.

9. The fragmentation sleeve is manufactured from unwound steel wire. The wire is notched to facilitate fragmenta= tion on detonation.

10. The weight of a complete grenade is 465 gram.

11. The basic body colour of the HE grenade is Olive Green with the main details stencilled thereon in Golden Yellow.

12. The practise grenade is Blue with the main details stencilled thereon in White.

THE STRIKER MECHANISM (See fig 2-3)

13- The striker mechanism consists of :

a. Al Striker mechanism housing.

b. A2 Fly-off lever.

c. a6 Striker mouse trap action.

d. a8 Striker spring.

e. A7 Striker axis pin.

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Fig 2-1Striker Mechanism, Body & Fragmentation Sleeve

Fig 2-2No 8 HE Hand Grenade

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f. A4, A9, A5. Detonator assembly.

g. The detonator assembly consists of :

i. No 36 Primer.

ii. Delay Element 4,5 secs.

iii. Detonator No 4_

14. The weight of the striker mechanism is 45 gram.

15. Preparation for Priming the Grenade. The suggested drill to prepare the grenade for priming is as follows :

Striker Mechanism

a. Remove grenade (see fig 2-4) from the packing in the box. Examine the detonator cavity to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Unscrew the retaining screw plug and remove the fragmentation sleeve. Ensure that the fragmentation sleeve is easily removable. Re-assemble the fragmentation sleeve, make sure that the retaining screw plug is screwed fully home.

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Fig 2-4Grenade Body : Detonator Cavity

b. Remove the detonator assembly from the packing(see fig 2-5) (do not remove by pulling on the safe= ty pin ring). Examine the striker mechanism hou= sing to ensure that the safety pin ends are bent over. Examine the plastic body for visual cracks. If plastic cracks are observed, the striker mecha= nism must be destroyed. Examine the detonators for signs of Electrolytic corrosion, ie green or blue discoloration or white powder deposits. If any of the above defects are observed, the detona= tor assembly must be destroyed. It must be empha= sized that the detonator in the striker assembly must never be touched by hand during examination or insertion into the detonator cavity in the grenade.

c. Insert the detonator in the detonator cavity and screw the holding assembly hand tight into the grenade.

16. Action of Grenade. Hold Grenade Hand No 8 with the fly-off lever firmly held against the grenade, withdraw the safety pin and then throw the grenade. As the grenade leaves the hand the torque of the spring, acting through the striker, throws off the fly lever, and the striker, thus released, snaps over onto the cap and fires it. The Ylash from the cap ignites the delay composition. The delay composition burns for 4,5 + ,5 sec. The flash of the delay composition at the end of its burn detonates the No 4 detonator which in turn detonates the grenade filling. The violent expansion of the grenade body on detonation causes the fragmenting of the wire sleeve, thus departing at a very high degree fragmentation velocity giving rise to a danger zone of about 300 metre radius.

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17. Grenade Hand No 7. The Grenade Hand No 8 without the fragmentation sleeve and the retaining screw plug is known as the No 7 Hand Grenade, (See fig 2-6). The danger zone of 100 metres must be observed.

18. Grenade Hand No 8 Practise. This grenade is in all respect the same as for the No 8 Grenade. The grenade is filled with an HE SUB inert filling. The striker assembly is the same as for the No -8 Grenade, ie, it is a HE filled store and must be treated as such. This practise grenade can only be thrown once owing to the powerful disruptive detonator. If a blind occurs during practise the blind will be treated as an HE filled grenade. (See fig 2-7).

Fig 2-5Detonator Assembly

Fig 2-6No 7 Hand Grenade

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Fig 2-7No 8 Hand Grenade

19. Packing and Containers. Containers are made of plastic and contain forty grenades. Markings on the containers clearly indicate the Lot No and the delay of the detonators. The detonators and grenades are packed separately. (See fig 2-8 and 2-9). The weight of a container of fourty grenades is 23 kg.

Fig 2-8 Container

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Fig 2-9Packing

CONCLUSION

20. Questions from and to the squad.

21. Give the squad practise in examining and preparing the grenade for priming.

22. Sum up the main points, which are :

a. Description.

b. Preparing the grenade for priming.

c. Action of the grenade.

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VOLUME 3 : THE M26 HAND GRENADE

INSTRUCTORS NOTES

AIM

1. To teach the recognition and preparation of the M26 Hand Grenade.

PERIODS

2. Two 40 min period lectures.

STORES


a. Drill Grenade.

b. Instructional Grenades.

c. Boxes containing drill or instructional Grenades.

d. Drill HE Grenades of live appearance fully condi= tioned.

PRELIMINARIES

4. a. Arrange stores in order of use.

b. Squad seated facing instructors.


CONDUCT OF LESSON

APPROACH

*5. Explain the aim of the lesson. The grenade is a HE Anti-personnel grenade and may be used in an offensive and defensive role. On explosion it may kill or cause wounds up to 6 m from the point of burst. When exploding on hard ground casualties may be inflicted up to a distance of about 300 metres. It is most useful for dealing with enemy in slit trenches, dug outs and buildings. It is also use= ful in close quarter fighting, but there is always a risk

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in the open, of causing casualties to one’s own troops. This lesson teaches how to recognise a live M26 grenade and how to prepare it for throwing.

GENERAL DATA

Main HE Charge

Weight of Charge

Total Weight

Height with fuze

Diameter

Body Material

Fragment Material

Fragmentation

Functioning

Application

Composition B (RDX(60)/TNT (40)

150 g

425 g

107 mm max

62 mm

Smooth thin sheet steel

Spirally notched wire steel coil

Approximately 1000 fragments

Dealy time 4,5 secondst*

Effective casualty radius : 25 m

7- Description. The grenade has a smooth thin sheet steel body. The body consists of five basic parts namely, the lower body, upper body, cap, fuze well and fragmenta= tion wire steel coil.

DESCRIPTION (See fig 3-1).

8. General. The M26 A2 M- Fragmentation Hand Grenade con= sists of three basic parts :

a. Body.

b. Explosive Charge.

c. Fuze.

and packing.

9. Body. The body is made of smooth thin sheet steel shell, and consists of the following parts :

a. Lower Body.

b. Upper Body.

c. Cap.

d. Fuze Well.

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e. Fragmentation Wire Steel Coil.

10. Explosive Charge. The main explosive charge is 150 g of Composition B casted into the body of the Hand Grenade.

11. Fuze. The fuze consists of the following parts (See Fig 3^27 :

a. Safety Lever.

b. Pull Ring.

c. Safety Pin.

d. Safety Clip.

e. Striker.

f. Striker Spring.

g. Striker Hinge Pin.

h. Fuze Body.

j. Primer Holder.

k. Primer.

l. Delay Element.

m. Detonator.

SAFETY FEATURES

12. Safety Clip. (See fig 3-1)

a. The safety clip was specially designed to prevent the grenade safety pin from being unknowingly or accidently removed from the grenade.

b. The safety clip is an inherent part of the fuze body and thus cannot be removed without disassembling the fuze to its elements.

13. Safety Pin

a. The safety pin can be removed only after rotating the pull ring and releasing it from the safety clip.

b. The split end of the safety pin is spread to pre= vent accidental removal and arming during shipping and handling. A pull of 3-17 kg is required to withdraw the safety pin.

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ACTION OF GRENADE

14. The Safety Pin is withdrawn from the hand grenade by :

a. Rotating the pull ring and releasing it from the Safety Clip.

b. Pulling out the ring.

15. When Safety Pin is withdrawn the Safety Lever is free to release from the grenade body. It is forced away from the grenade body by a Striker acting under the force of the Striker Spring.

3-1M26 A 2-M Fragmentation Hand Grenade

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Fig 3-2Fuze

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16. As the Safety Lever is forced away from the grenade body, the striker rotates on its axis and strikes the primer.

17. When struck, the primer emits an intense split of flame which ignites the delay element.

18. The delay element burns for the prescribed delay time and thereupon sets off the detonator. (4 seconds).

19. The detonator explodes and detonates the explosive charge.

THROWING AND LOBBING (See Volume 1)

PACKING AND CONTAINERS

Grenades are packed in wooden boxes containing 40 hand gre= nades in 8 cartons with carrying slings, each carton con= taining 5 grenades in fibre containers, one grenade per container. (See fig 3-3 and 3-^).

f-ig 3-3Containers

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Fig 3-**Packing

SAFETY MEASURES

20. a. HE grenades must never be mixed with dummy, training or practise grenades.

b. Safety precautions must be adhered to, to ensure that grenades and detonators are of the correct type, in an unsealed container and that they are not primed.

c. A qualified NCO must be appointed by name to be in control of grenades during a live exercise and he alone must issue them at the practise range. He is also responsible for the accounting of all grenades and detonators.

d. Grenades and detonators or firing pin mechanisms must always be stored separately.

e. Grenades must not be removed from containers before use. New sealed containers must not be opened prior to the emptying of the previous one.

f. Smoking is prohibited within 25 m from HE grenades or firing pin mechanisms.

g. HE grenades, especially detonators and firing pin mechanisms must be handled with care.

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h. Steel helmets must be worn by all participating personnel during all HE grenade-throwing exercises.

CONCLUSION


22. Practise the squad in examining and recognition.


a. Desription.

b. General data.

c. Action of the Grenade.

d. Safety measures.

GRENADE, HAND, M26, PRACTISE (LIVE STRIKER MECHANISM)

24. This is a practise version of the Grenade, Hand, Anti- Personnel M26. It has the same mass (454 g) and shape as the HE Grenade. Although the body does not contain the main HE charge the standard striker mechanism of the HE grenade is used.

25- It is machined from bar aluminium to the desired form. A hole is drilled longitudinally through the body, screw; threaded internally on the one side to take the striker mechanism.

26. A mild steel sleeve is pressed into the hole to strengthen the grenade internally. Two 10 mm diameter holes are drilled horizontally through the grenade body and sleeve, one in the upper half and one in the lower half of the grenade body. These holes are intended to dissipate the force of the explosion and must therefore always be clear of mud or other obstructions.

27. The striker mechanism is supplied separate from the grenade. Seven striker mechanisms per grenade will be packed in a container. These are standard striker mecha= nisms for HE grenades and the applicable safety precautions must be observed.

28. The full safety precautions for the HE grenade are also valid for the practise version and must be strictly ob= served.

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GRENADE, HAND, M26 DRILL

29. This is a completely inert item, designed to teach gre= nade drill to troops. It has the same mass and shape as the HE grenade.

30. It has four 8 mm holes drilled into the grenade body, two in the upper half and two in the lower half of the body.

31. A live striker mechanism cannot be fitted to the drill grenade.

b. Composition of the delay element.

STRIKER MECHANISM M215 AND DETONATOR ASSEMBLY FOR GRENADE M26

32. The striker mechanism M215 consists of the following :

a. Fly-off lever.

b. Primer holder assembly.

c. Spring.

d. Hammer assembly.

e. Housing.

33. The detonator assembly consists of three parts :

a. No 36 Primer.

b. Delay composition.

c. Detonator M26.

34. a. The delay element is designed to give a delay of k to 5 seconds from the moment that the striker strikes the No 26 primer until the detonator is initiated.

Table 1 Composition of the Delay Element % (By Mass)

1 Barium Chromate 59,42 Potassium Perchlorate 14,33 Zirconium Nickel Type I 12,54 Zirconium Nickel Type II 13,45 Dextrine 0,4

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Table 1 Composition of the Detonator Filling % (By Mass)

1 Lead styphnate 6,52 Lead azide 23,53 PETN 70

SAFETY ASPECTS

36. The striker mechanism incorporates the following safe= ty features :

a. Safety pin.

b. Safety clip assembly.

c. Fly-off lever. -

37- a. The safety pin keeps the fly-off lever in position, which in turn keeps the striker in the fully back= tfards position. The safety pin passes through the striker assembly in front of the striker, preven= ting the striker from moving forward.

b. The safety clip assembly prevents the safety pin from being removed accidentally. On the one side it has a safety clip into which the pull ring fits. On the other side it has a small shaped fixture which allows the ends of the safety pin to be opened without the pin protruding from the fix= ture.

c. The fly-off lever is held in position by a yoke on the front end of the striker housing and the safe= ty pin. The fly-off lever is bent to follow the curve of the grenade body. This allows for a bet= ter grip on the grenade when it is ready to be thrown.

METHOD OF USE

38. With the fly-off lever held firmly against the grenade body, twist the pull-ring out of the safety clip assembly, and remove the safety pin. The grenade is now ready to be thrown.

39. On releasing the grenade from the hand the striker spring asserts itself, throws off the fly-off lever and

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continues its circular movement to bring the striker sharp= ly onto the percussion cap of the primer assembly. The flash from the cap ignites the priming composition and this ignites the delay element, which burns through the desig= nated time to initiate the detonator and actuate the HE filling of the grenade.

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INSTRUCTORS NOTES

AIM

1. To teach the recognition, preparation and use of the Grenade Hand WP and No 83 Grenades.

STORES

2. The instructor and each man should have an instructional grenade and igniter set (where applicable). If these are mot available diagrams will be required.

FIRST SAFETY PRECAUTION

3. The WP grenades must be inspected to ensure that they are not primed. There is no safety precaution for the 83 grenade as it is issued ready for use.


The grenades are dealt with in one lesson because the actions of their striker mechanisms are the same.

5.’ Instruction in all three grenades can be covered in one period or they can be taught separately. If both grenades are taught in one lesson, before introducing the first gre= nade, the instructor should explain that the uses and method of initiation of the other grenades vary but that the ac= tions of their striker mechanisms are the same. Point out that the lesson teaches the recognition, priming and use of each grenade.

PRACTISE

.6. No throwing practise is included in this lesson. Prac= tise is best obtained by throwing live grenades during more advanced training, but if it is possible the smoke effect of the WP and 83 grenades should be demonstrated after the grenades have been taught.

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PRELIMINARIES

7. Give each man an instructional grenade, and when teaching the WP grenade, an igniter set.

THE WP GRENADE

FIRST SAFETY PRECAUTION

8. Explain and demonstrate, with the squad imitating, that the mechanism holder is unscrewed and the detonator tube examined to make certain there is no igniter set in it.

APPROACH

9. This bursting type smoke grenade is used to provide an instant and local smoke screen. Being filled with a white phosphorus composition, the moment the grenade body is burst open and the contents exposed to the air, an imme= diate and effective smoke screen is formed. The length of time the screen lasts depends on the strength of wind. In calm conditions the smoke is dense from 20 to 40 seconds. This grenade also has considerable incediary value.

10. Description (see fig 4-1 and 4-2). Describe the gre= nade which has a tinned plate body filled with white phos = phorus. Screwed into the top of the body is the mechanism holder, consisting of a striker and spring, striker lever and safety pin. The weight of the grenade is 220 g.

11• Recognition (see fig 4-1). Explain that a live grenade is recognised by its green body with a 13 mm white band round it (denoting white phosphorus content), a grey mecha= nism holder and the number of the grenade stencilled on the body.

IGNITER SET (See fig 4-3)

12« Description. Describe the igniter set, which is simi= lar to that used in the 36 grenade, except that the fuze is straight and brown and has no rubber or paper band round

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PRIMING (See fig 4-4)

13. Explain and demonstrate, with the squad imitating, that to prime the grenade the mechanism holder is first unscrewed and the igniter set and detonator, is placed in the detona= tor tube and the mechanism holder screwed on again.

UNPRIMING

14. Explain and show how the grenade is unprimed by the removal of the mechanism holder and taking out the igniter set.

15. Practise the squad in priming and unpriming.

MECHANISM (See fig 4-4)

16. Explain that the mechanism requires no preparation; the striker and spring are in a "cocked position" when issued, in a manner similar to that of a mousetrap when set. They are kept in position by the striker lever being hooked on to the front of the holder and secured to its body by the safety pin.

Fig 4-1The 80 (White Phosphorus) Grenade

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17. Action of the Striker. When the pin is pulled out and the grenade thrown, the lever flies off, releasing the striker which, acting under the influence of its spring, performs like the spring wire of a mousetrap, swinging over and striking the cap of the igniter set. A flash is caused and this ignites the fuze which burns from between 2 1/2 to 4 seconds. This in return sets off the detonator which bursts open the body of the grenade and thus exposes the contents to the air.

18. Question the squad on the action of the mechanism.

THROWING

19. Explain' that the grenade is thrown or lobbed in the same way as the No 8 grenade. When the grenade bursts open, particles of the phosphorus may be scattered over an area of ten metres from the point of burst or carried still further by a wind. Should any particles fall on anyone, serious burns will be caused as phosphorus cannot be ex= tinguished. Because of this the grenade will be considered to have a danger area of 30 metres, and more if thrown ina wind, from the point of burst. The thrower must also be certain that his own troops are clear of the danger area.

Primer

Composition

Chamber

Anvi I

Fig 4-2Cap FN 83

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Fig 4-3The igniter set for the 80 Grenade

Fig 4-4Priming the 8o Grenade

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PACKING

20. Explain and show how the grenades are packed in a steel box holding eight containers, each of which holds three grenades and a tin box of three igniter sets. The grenade number is marked on the box. There is a risk of fire if one of the grenades is hit by a bullet, and when loading vehicles, grenades should, if possible, be packed in a protected position.

21. Question the squad on the grenade and sum up.

THE 83 GRENADE

22. Explain that there is no safety precaution as this grenade is issued ready fitted with its own igniter.

APPROACH

23. This emission type smoke grenade can be used e'ither as a signal grenade to indicate the positions of our own troops, or to produce a smoke screen.

24. Description (See fig 4-5) » Explain and point out that the grenade has a tinned plate body filled with either blue, green, red or yellow smoke composition. It is fitted with a mechanism holder and mechanism similar to that of the 80 grenade and weights approximately 175 g.

*

25- Recognition (See fig 4-5) « The grenade has a green body with its number 8*3and contents in colour, stencilled on it and a black mechanism holder. In the top of the body are four sealed emission holes.

MECHANISM

26. Explain that the action of the mechanism works in exactly the same way as that of the WP grenade (see fig 4-6) but the smoke is produced differently. The igniter has no detonator, and has a short length of instantaneous fuze in place of safety fuze; the composition in the body is lit through the medium of a primed muslin disc and the flash from the fuze. There is thus a slight delay before the smoke is in full production; the smoke comes out through the holes in the top of the body and lasts from25 to 45 seconds.

27. Questions the squad on the mechanism.

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28. The grenade can be placed in position or thrown.

PACKING

29« Explain that the grenade is packed 18 to a box, on the outside of which the number of the grenade is marked.

30. Questions the squad and sum up.

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Fig 4-6The Striker Mechanism

GRENADE, HAND, NO 83, SMOKE, GREEN, RED OR YELLOW

31. The empty grenade consists of a tinplate cylindrical body with top and bottom closing plates and a smoke canis= ter. For details of various models of this grenade, see Table 1.

32. The body is approximately 114 mm long and 63,5 mm in diameter and is formed with a folded seam flush outside and soldered except at the ends where a soldered lapped seamis formed to facilitate the attachment of the top and bot= tom plates. The top plate is slightly dished and has a central recess approximately 25 mm in diameter and 13 mm deep on the walls of which a rolled thread is formed. The base of the recess is perforated to provide a flash hole. Four 6,35 mm smoke emission holes, each sealed with adhe= sive tape, are equally spaced on the annular surface of the top plate. The top is seamed to the body with a folded joint. The bottom plate is doubly dished and is fitted to the body after filling in the same manner as the top plate.

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33» The smoke canister consists of a steel sheet cylinder, approximately 102 mm long by 51 mm in diameter, formed with a folded or lapped seam flush outside and spot or stitch welded, the cylinder is perforated all over and is covered on the exterior with paper coated with shellac varnish. The top of the canister is closed by a tinplate top which is dished and recessed to fit over the recess on the top closing plate to match that in the top of the body. The bottom of the canister is closed after filling by a tin= plate cap which is an easy fit on the canister.

34. The filling is pressed into the canister, in three equal increments, at 1,5 tons dead load on each increment. It is primed with a disc of primed cambric which is attached to the underside of the canister top by a millboard washer. The filled canister fits into a firm pack in the grenade body by the use of glazeboard washers, where necessary at the bottom.

35*\The filled grenade is either fitted with a striker mechanism No 3 MI/2 and a Cap FN 83 (Fig 4-7), using adap= tor, drawing No 2040/19/0 details of which are given in pars 7 and 11 or a striker mechanism No 8 M2 and Cap FN 83 (Fig 4-8), using adaptor drawing No 1/13/2207/32, details of which are given in pars 12 adn 14. Details of the dif= ferent adaptors are given in figs 4-7 and 4-8.

STRIKER MECHANISM NO 3 MI/2 (Fig 4-7)

36. The mechanism consists of a housing fitted with a stri= ker, striker spring and fly-off lever.

37. The housing is a zinc alloy casting. The head of the housing is shaped to form on one side a protruding lug, on which fits the hook of the fly-off lever and on the oppo= site side a seating for the striker and spring between two parallel sloping ribs which are drilled to take a hinge pin and safety pin. The botton 6,35 mm of the housing is threaded externally to screw into the adaptor on the top closing plate of the grenade into which it is cemented on assembly. The housing has a central bore of about 14,5 mm in diameterwhich is reduced midway to about 12 mm to form a shoulder against which the cap chamber of the igniter, Grenade, fits when assembled.

38. The striker is of 20 SWG rust proofed steel plate, roughly triangular in development, with rounded corners. Two corners are bent up at right angles and drilled to suit the axis pin. The third corner is drilled and a striker pin rivetted to it.

39. The striker spring is carried on a brass or steel sleeve supported between the lugs on the housing by a steel hinge pin, which passes through the lugs.

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40. The fly-off lever is of 20 SWG plated steel, and is swaged along its length to add rigidity. The lever is bent to follow the profile of the housing and to lie close to the body of the grenade. A hook is formed at one end to engage the lug on the housing. A pair of small wing shaped projections near this hook are bent downwards at right angles to form an assembly guide over the head of the hou= sing, and a second and longer pair cover the ribs of the housing and are drilled tp take the safety pin. The tail half of the lever is reduced in width for lightness. A deep dimple is formed in the lever, the inner (convex) side of which holds the head of the striker, after it has been rotated against its spring, into the cocked position. The lever is retained by the safety pin to which is attached a steel plit ring.

STRIKER MECHANISM NO 8 M2 (Fig 4-8)

41. The Striker Mechanism No 8 M2 is used with the Grenade, Hand No 83, Smoke R1M1. This mechanism fits the adaptor drawing No 1/13/2207/32. The mechanism consists of a type "A" housing fitted with a striker, striker spring and fly- off lever.

«♦42. The housing is manufactured from moulded macroIon poly= carbonate 3000, tinted green, with a central hole to accom= modate the Cap. The last 11,6 mm of the stem being exter= nally threaded with four full threads for fitment to the adaptor. The head of the housing is shaped to form on one side a slot into which fits the tongue of the fly-off lever and on the opposite side a seating for the striker and spring between two parallel ribs which are drilled to takea hinge pin and a safety pin. The central bore of the housing takes the brass primer and delay holder which contains a Cap FN 83.

43. The striker is manufactured from steel and rivetted to the striker assembly, the whole assembly being rust proofed The striker spring is carried on a steel axis pin support ted by the parallel lugs of the housing.

44. The fly-off lever is of rust proffed steel and a groove is swaged along its length to add rigidity. The lever is bent to follow the contour of the housing and to lie close to the body of the grenade. A tongue is formed at one end to engage in the slot in the striker housing. A pair of projections are bent over to form an assembly guide over the head of the housing and cover the ribs, and are drilled to take the safety pin. A deep convex dimple is formed in the lever on the inner side, which holds the striker, after it has been rotated against its spring into the cocked position. The lever is retained by the safety pin to which is attached a steel split ring to facilitate removal.

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(Plan without fly-off lever)

Sleeve

•Spring. Striker

Pin,safety(with ring)

Fig 4-7Striker Mechanism No 3 Ml/2

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(Plan without fly-off lever)

Fig 4-8Striker Mechanism No 8 M2

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CAP FN 83 (Fig 4-9)

45. The igniter grenade, consists of a Cap FN 83 fitted in a zinc alloy chamber.

46. The Cap FN 83 consists of a metal cup, flanged at the open end and has a central flash hole in the bottom. Into this is fitted a loose anvil which is retained by a push fir metal closing cup.

47. The cap chamber is a roughly cylindrical, hollow cas= ting 14,2 mm in diameter and 14,3 mm long. It is reduced in diamter to 11,7 mm to form a shoulder at 6,8 mm from the base above which it is coned. It has a bore of 5158 mm and a transverse slot 7,1 mm wide and 5,08 mm deep is cut in the base.

48. The holder, primer and delay is a cylindrical brass tube. It is 31 mm long and has a collar 11 mm in diameter formed 2,5 mm from the base. Above and below the collar the outside diameter is 8,05 mm and has 4 x 1,5 mm dia= meter holes drilled equi-spaced around its perifery at 9,7 mm from the top. It is internally drilled to a diameterof 4,5 mm up to a distance of 7,9 mm from the top where the internal diameter is enlarged to 6,23 mm to form a ridge acting as a seat for the Cap FN 83.

ACTION OF THE GRENADE

49. With the fly-off lever held firmly against the grenade, the safety pin is withdrawn and the grenade is thrown.As the grenade leaves the hand the torque of the spring acting through the striker throws off the fly-off lever and the striker, thus released, snaps over onto the Cap FN 83 and fires it. The flash from the Cap FN 83 ignites the igniting composition and hence the cap assembly. The cap assembly ignites- the smoke composition and after a mo= mentary delay, while pressure rises inside the grenade, the patches of adhesive tape are blown off the smoke emis = sion holes and a coloured smoke is produced, lasting about 30 seconds.

50. Packing and Containers. Grenades Hand No 83 are packed 18 grenades to a box. Containers are of plastic, sealed and all lettering on containers are stencilled in bright yellow paint.

5*1. Safety Measures. Set out hereunder are the safety measures in respect of the WP and 83 Grenades (see Army Order 4/77) :

a. Grenade No 80 WP. Although the storage regulations for the No 80 Wp grenade differ from that of the No 36, the safety precautions are exactly the same and must be strictly complied with. White phospo=

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Chamber

Body Top

Tape adhesive over smoke escape holes (4)

Delay tube

Tube Cap

2 gr of G12Gunpowder

Pellet : red green or yellow

Cambric Tube

Canlater cap

Packing disc

Fly-off Lever

SR 252G12 gun= delay com=

0,25 g □,25 g powder position <*

Grenade Body

Body Bottom

Flange coated with cement RD 1206

Striker mechanism No 3 Ml/2

Adaptor striker mechanism. Sur= face marked thus ........... to be coated with varnish BLUE RD 1177Washer

Fig 4-9AGrenade Hand No 83 Smoke Mk 2 M2

(Sectioned View)

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Cap FN 83

Housing Type —'A'

Tape adhesive over-----smoke escape holes

(4)

Composition

Cap assembly (muslin '

Pellet

Cambric sheet

Canister cap----

Striker mechanism N® 8Holder primer and delay

.Surface marked--— to be coated with varnish BLUE 1177

Fly-off lever

//I

Packing disc

Flange coated with cement RD 1286 before closing on to body

Fig /t-9BGrenade Hand No 83 Smoke R1M1

(Sectioned View)

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Fig ^-9Packing and Containers

rus which makes contact with the skin will result in serious burns. A small amount .which comes into contact with the eyes may result in permanent blindness if first aid is not applied immediately.

b. First Aid. A copy of the first aid instructions must be exhibited where phosphorus ammunition is stored, used or handled :

i. Where practically possible, the contaminated part must immediately be dipped in water or as alternative, be rinsed with large quanti= ties of water.

ii. The contaminated person must be taken to the nearest medical institution for treatment..

iii. No oils, grease bandages or any other mixture must be used. Phosphorus is soluble in oil or grease which can then result in contamination of the system when absorbed by it.

iv. Where phosphorus spatters in the eyes, it must be washed liberally with water. A wet padding must be applied to the eyes and kept wet by dousing with water. The padding must

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not be allowed to dry, because the phosphorus will start burning again. The contaminated person must be hospitalized as soon as possi= ble.

c. The No 8 Handgrenades HE

i. The No 8 grenade must, as far as safety pre= cautions are concerned, be handled exactly as the 36 grenade.

ii. The grenade has a danger zone with a radius of 100 m round the point of detonation.

iii. It is of the utmost importance not to try to change your grip with the masterhand after the safety pin has been pulled and immediately be fore throwing.

NB : The fuze of the WP grenade (British manufacture) burns only 2 1/2 to 4 seconds while the R1M1 (local manufacture) burns 4,4 seconds nominal. The thrower and comrades must therefore always be behind cover. Moreover, the danger zone with no wind is up to 30 m from the point of detonation.

CONCLUSION


53. Practise the squad in examining and preparing the grenade for priming.

54. Sum up main points, which are :

a. Description.

b. Preparing the grenade(s) for priming.

c. Actions of the grenades.

d. Safety Measures.

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VOLUME 5 : GRENADE HAND (2 STAR) INSTANT LIGHT

INTRODUCTION

AIM

1. To teach the recognition, preparation, uses and safety measures of the instant light grenade.

PERIODS

2. This lesson requires 2 x ^0 minute period lectures.

STORES

3. Grenade Hand (2 Star) Instant Light, Prac grenades.

PRELIMINARIES

4. Set out the stores and seat the squad in a semi-circle around a table.

APPROACH

5. The grenade is designed to be thrown by hand. It pro= duces a luminous intensity of 20 000 candles minimum, with a duration of 30 - ^0 seconds.

DESCRIPTION (See fig 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3)

6. a. The grenade consists of cylindrical body 139,7 mm long and 62 mm in diameter. The cylindrical body is convered at the ends with a closing plate at the top and a Kraft paper disc at the bottom. A red filling band is found at the top of the body and the words - GRENADE HAND 2 STAR INSTANT LIGHT appear on it.

b. Internally the cylindrical body consists of a shellacked Kraft paper tube in which the two candles are separated by a millboard washer. The top candle central tube is primed with sulphurless mealed powder impregnated cambric and the whole candle is surrounded with a primed cambric sleeve, connecting the upper and lower candle central

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tubes is a primed cambric tube to ignite the bot= tom candle.

7. Striker Mechanisms. The grenade can either be fitted with a striker mechanism No 3 Mk 1 or a striker mechanism No 8 M2 :

a. Striker Mechanism No 3 Mk 1 M2 (Fig 5-4). This striker mechanism can only be used with the adap= tor as shown in plate 2. It is not suitable for fitting to the grenade hand (2 star) Instant light R2M2. It can only be used with Grenade hand (2 star) instant light R2.

b. Striker Mechanism No 8 M2 (Fig 5-5) « The above= mentioned striker mechanism are used with teh Grenade Hand (2 star) Instant light R2M2.

8. Primer FN 83 (Fig 5-6). Both the R2 and R2M2 Grenade Hand ("2 star) instant light are ignited with a Primer Fn 83 which consists of a metal cap, flanged at the open end and has a central flash hole in the bottom. Into this is fitted a loose anvil which is retained by a push fit percussion cap.

^enade hand2 STAR

STANT LIGHTR.2.

!3 LP 8’SR 547

Fig 5-jGrenade Hand (2 star) instant light R2 fitted with Striker

Mechanism No 3 Mk 1 M2

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& ■'

4

3ENADE HAND2 STAR

1STANT LIGHT R.2.

8'T13 LPSR 547

Fig 5-2Grenade Hand (2 Star) Instant Light R2M2 fitted with Stri=

ker Mechanism No 8 M2

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Striker mechanismN? 3 M 1/2

FN83 Primer -

Chamber.Adaptor

Delay tubecomposition

Cambric sleeve

5MP cambric sleeve

Bottom candle

Tin plate body

Fly-off lever

Delay tube cap composition

<*

Top candle

-Millboard washer

Candle case

Paper tube

z

Racking discs

Fi-S 5-3Cross Section Grenade~Hand (~2 Star) Instant Light R2

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Fig 5~^Striker Mechanism No 3 Mk 1 M2

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FiSStriker Meehanism No 8 M2

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STAR COMPOSITIONDRG NOS. 1/13/ 2282/ 1 and

1/13/2282/40

STAR COMPOSITION

1st Increment: 4 0 g SR 54 7

2nd Increment:25g SR 54716g 5R592A3g SR 252 2g SFG12 or

5MP Gunpowder

Increments pressed at8 tons dead load with8-10 sec.dwell.

PRIMER FN83DRG. N? 1/13/2280/1

6,2S

Fig 5-6Star Composition and Primer FN N83

With the fly-off lever held the safety pin is withdrawnAs the grenade leaves the hand

9. Action of the Grenade, firmly against the grenade, and the grenade is thrown, the torque of the spring acting through the striker throws off the fly-off lever and the striker, over to fire the FN 83 primer.nites the pyrothecnic delay train,1,5 seconds delay before igniting the delay tube cap. cap ignites central bled to grenade sealing sleeve surrounding it are

•the primed cambric lining in the central tube, effect causes a kick back action through pressure build up ensuring positive ejection of the top candle.

thus released, snaps The resultant flash ig=

giving approximatelyThe

the primed cambric lining of the top candle tube which in turn ignites the cambric tube assem= the bottom candle. The pressure built up in the ejects the bottom candle through the glazeboard disc. Meanwhile the top candle and the cambric

ignited by continual burning of This in

10. Throwing and Lobbing the Grenade. The grenade is thrown or lobbed in the same manner as any other hand gre= nade.

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RESTRICTED5-811. Safety Measures. (See Army Order 4/77)• Instant light grenades must not be thrown within 15 m of any per = son unless an operational necessity, not in a fieldfire hazard zone.

12. Packing and Containers. Instant light grenades are packed in plastic containers. Each grenade is separately packed in a white plastic-container with clear markings on the container itself. All lettering on the main con= tainer is stencilled in bright yellow paint.

Fig 5-7Packing and Containers

CONCLUSION



a. Recognition.

b. Mechanism and Throwing.

c. Safety measures.

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VOLUME 6 : GRENADE RIFLE HE NO 103

AIM

1. To teach the recognition, preparation, action, uses and safety measures of the Grenade HE No 103.

PERIODS

2. This lesson requires 3 x 40 minute period lectures.

STORES


a. Drill HE Grenades of live appearance fully condi= tioned.

b. Drill Grenades.

c. Instructional Grenades.

d. Boxes containing instructional or drill grenades.

e. Diagrams of grenades and fuze.

PRELIMINARIES


b. Squad seated facing instructor.


APPROACH

5. The Grenade Rifle No 103 is a HE Anti-Personnel gre= nade which is launched from the 7,62 mm R1 and R3 Rifles. .The grenade has a mild steel wire fragmentation sleeve which fragments on detonation of the main filling into a large number of small, high velocity fragments.

6. General Characteristics. The grenades main charac= teristics are its great power and lightness. It is highly efficient against personnel in the open, behind cover or in dead ground.

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7. Performance. On detonation of the main filling the fragmentation sleeve fragments into numerous small fragments, in the danger zone of 360°, capable of causing casualties up to a distance of about 100 metres on hard ground.

8. Accuracy. When using the grenade sight the grenade can be launched very accurately.

9. Effective Range. The grenade cannot be used directly under 60 m due tothe min arming distance of the fuze. The max range is 300 m.

10. Weight. 725,5 grams.

11. Tactical Handling

a. The grenade can be used against personnel during conventional or COIN OPS.

b. It needs a clean field of fire when used in the direct role.

c. An obstruction beyond 60 m in its path is likely to detonate the grenade, before it reache's its target.

d. The fragmentation effectiveness of the no 103 rifle grenade is determined by the angle of in= cidence.

e. The lower the angle, the weaker the fragmentation forward and rearwards. Thus, maximum effective fragmentation is sidewards, depending on the posi= tion of the grenade on impact.

f. The shorter the range, the better cover should be used.

g. When firing from the standing position, the firer must go down behind cover as soon as the grenade is launched.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION (See Fig 6-1)

12. The grenade consists of :

a. Polystyrene type styron ^57 body with fragmenta= tion sleeve.

b. Fuze, nose percussion.

c. Tail fin assembly.

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DETAIL DESCRIPTION

13- Grenade Body. The body is cylindrical, moulded in one piece, flanged at the top to accommodate the fragmentation sleeve and with an internally threaded central tube for receiving the nose fuze. A closing plug externally threa= ded to receive the retaining ring and internally threaded to receive the tail fin assembly is attached to the body. The retaining ring prevents the fragmentation sleeve from being disengaged from the body.

14. Fuze, Nose, Percussion DA and Graze SC 12 (See Fig 6-2A and 6-2B). Fuze SC 12 is a direct action and graze fuze with an optional delay arming system.

15. General Assembly. The body consists of 2 main parts. The dome which contains the striker assembly and selector pin and the lower body which houses the shutter assembly, actuating springs and magazine. An expanding ring on the body enters a corresponding groove in the dome to form a single unit while an "0" ring at the joint prevents the ingress of moisture.

16. Striker Mechanism. An "0" ring resting on the flange of the striker head is compressed against a seating in the dome. The tension of the striker spring resting on the support plate holds the striker in the forward posi= tion. The support plate, located in the dome by a lip, is retained by a circlip. A selector pin is riveted to the support plate. (Fig 6-3)-

17. Shutter Assembly. The brass cylindrical body is machined to take the shutter containing the detonator. The upper end of the body is recessed to house the delay arming pellet and escape wheel so that the teeth of the pinion can engage with teeth cut into the shutter body. The shutter is held in the safe position by a detent shich locks the pellet and so prevent movement of the delaymechanism. (Fig 6-3).

Fig 6-1Grenade Rifle HE No 103 with nose fuze

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Support plate

Detent locking catch

*Detent stem

Detent spring

Body

O-ring

O-ringDome

Striker head

Striker spring

Circlip

z?zz/zzzz2£

Shutter

Booster

Magazine

Grub screw in probing hole

&-ZZZZZZZ

SSSSSSSS3

Striker -Expanding ring -Selector pin

—O-ring

Fig 6-2AFuze, nose, percussion, DA and Graze SC 12

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Dome

Support plate

Striker

Shutter

Detent

Shutter assembly

Detonator

Retaining plate

Body

Striker spring

—Oring

Selector pin

-Striker head

Magazine

-Pinion of escapement mechanism

Locking catch

Shutter assembly

Detent spring

Actuating spring (long delay)

Expanding ring

Double actuating spring for short delay

Fig 6-2BC.vass-section : Fuze Nose

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Fift 6-3Fuze Nose, Percussion DA and Graze SC 12 Safe Position

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RESTRICTED 6-718. Fuze Body. The fuze body is machine centrally to accept the shutter assembly. Two recesses are machined in the bo= dy at 90° to each other to accommodate the shutter when in the armed position. Diametrically opposite to each recess is a brass screw plug containing an actuating spring under tension. Inspection probing holes are drilled through to each recess and sealed with a grub screw. (Fig 6-3).

19- Safety Arrangements. When the fuze is set at 'safe' the shutter is at an angle of 45° to the actuating springs, and the detonator is not in line with the striker. The de= lay arming arrangements is locked by the detent, the stem of which corresponds with a blank portion of the fuze body, preventing it from setting back accidently.

20. Action

a. Before Firing. Before firing the fuze is set by rotating the dome to the desired position, ie for 'long’ or 'short’ trajectory arming delay. The movement aligns the shutter with one of the actu= ating springs and the detent with a hole in the fuze body (Fig 6-4).

b. On Firing. The detent sets back, and is locked by the detent locking catch, at the same time the pal= let is freed and the stem of the detent engages in a hole in the fuze body locking the shutter assem= bly in the armed position. Force is exerted on the shutter by tension of the actuating spring which forces the shutter across into the armed position, thus aligning the detonator with the striker. The mcArement of the shutter is retarded by the action of the pallet and escape wheel. (Fig 6-5).

c. On Impact. Direct action on impact forces the striker into the detonator. (Fig 6-6).

d. On Graze. On graze the shutter assembly acts as a inertia pellet to overcome the friction of the ac= tuating springs and moves forward to carry the de= tonator on to the striker. (Fig 6-7)*

TAIL FIN ASSEMBLY

21. The tail fin assembly consists of :

a. An alluminium tube.

b. Alluminium adaptor.

c. A six bladed fin.

d. Cartridge holder with 103 launching cartridge.

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Fig 6-4Fu,ze Nose : Before Firing

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Fig 6-5Fuze Nose : On Firing

6-10 RESTRICTED

o

■////

/////I

Fig 6-6Fuze Nose On Impact

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.The shutter assembly acts as an inertia pallet overcoming the friction of the actuating springs and moving forward to carry the detonator on to the striker.

Fig 6-7Fuze Nose On Graze

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22. The alluminium tube fits over the grenade launcher on the rifle when preparing for firing. The alluminium adap= tor externally threaded for attachment to the grenade body and recessed at the rear to receive a securing clip. The cartridge holder containing the launching cartridge, closes the tube at the rear.

23. End of first period. -

24. Questions from and to squad.

25. Summarize the main points.

PERIOD 2 : LOADING, UNLOADING AND AIMING

AIM

26. To teach loading the grenade, unloading without firing and aiming.

STORES

27. a. Rifles and slings.

b. Drill grenades and drill cartridges.

c. Practise grenades.

d. Diagram.

e. Containers.

f. Aiming rests.

28. Preliminaries

a. Arrange stores in order of use.

b. Squad seat in semi-circle.


29• Instructional Knowledge

a. Use of the aiming rest when demonstrating and checking aim is as for aiming practise with the rifle. The position of the head will vary accor= ding to the angle on the rifle.

b. During aiming instruction, it is important thatthe man views the instructor’s aim and the instruc= tor checks the man’s aim from the same position.

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30. Conduct of the Lesson. Explain the aim of the lesson. The grenade has been introduced to provide the infantry section with a powerful and effective HE anti-personnel grenade. The grenade is launched from the rifle by means of a No 103 Ballistite cartridge.

LOADING AND UNLOADING

31. Explain and demonstrate

a. Loading

i. Unload the rifle if loaded.

ii. Turn the gas plug so that the recess on the top face is underneath. This cuts off the supply of gas to the cylinder.

iii. Remove the launching cartridge from the holder.

iv. Slide the tail tube of the grenade over the grenade launcher on the rifle and push fully home until the spring clip is forced into the tail tube.

v. Turn the top part of the dome so that the 'L' or ’C' position coincides with the mark on the lower part of the dome. The grenade is now ready to be fired.

vi. Load the cartridge and ensure that the safety catch on the rifle is at ’S’.

b. Unloading without Firing

i. Safety catch at 'S’.

ii. Remove the launching cartridge.

iii. Remove grenade.

iv. Place dome on ’S'.

V. Place launching cartridge in transit holder.

Note : Cartridge 7,62 mm x 51 mm for No 103 Grenade to be used for launching. This cartridge should in no circumstances be used to launch any other grenade.

GRENADE SIGHT

32. The present grenade sight on the rifle, is to be used with the difference that the distance engraved on the sight will not give the actual range. The following scale should

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be used :

Engraving

100 metres75 metres50 metresForesight protectors

Actual Range

150 metres100 metres75 metres + 60 metres

33. Aiming. The normal point of aim is the centre of the target. Should there by any doubt as far as the actual distance is concerned, an aiming point to the side of the target should be selected to ensure maximum fragmentation towards the target. Accurate judging of distance is essen= tial.

34. The sequence of action is :

a. Judge the distance to the target.

b. Select the sight ring which corresponds to the es= timate range and align the top surface of this ring, the centre of the upper edge of the grenade and the centre, or a selected point of the target.

c. At 60 m the target should be framed between the foresight protectors.

35. Explain and demonstrate par 191 above by an aiming rest and diagrams.

36. Practise the squad.

37• Questions from and to the squad.

38. Sum up the main points.

Fig 6-7Grenade Sight

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6-8

PERIOD 3 : FIRING

AIM

39« To teach the firing positions and firing the grenade.

PERIODS

40. 2 x 40 minute period lectures.

STORES

1. a. Rifles and slings.

b. Drill grenades and drill cartridges.

c. Practise grenades.

d. Suitable targets.

PRELIMINARIES


b. Squad seated facing the instructor.


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43. The lesson will be carried out on ground which is suitable for firing practise grenades.

44. The practise grenade has the same characteristics as the HE, except that it is inert and cannot be fitted with a fuze. It can be recovered after use, especially if fired so as to fall on grass, sand or soft earth, and used again, provided it is cleaned and inspected for bulges and dents in the tail tube, and damage to the fins.Should the tail fin assembly be damaged, a new tail fun assembly must be fitted before the grenade is used again.

45. Targets for practise grenades should be double hessian screens, securely wound round stout poles. Hessian 25 cm above the ground behind the target can be used to recover the grenades.


APPROACH<*

46. Explain the aim of the lesson. The lesson will deal with various positions for firing, but on service the firer must be cide what position to use according to cir= cumstances.

THE GRENADE MUST NEVER BE FIRED FROM THE SHOULDER OR WITH THE BUTT PLATE AGAINST THE BODY

47. The grenade can be fired from a low or high angle. However, it must be emphasized that the point of impact can be fixed much more accurately from the low angle using the grenade sight.

THE STANDING POSITION (Fig 6-9)

48. The standing position is taught in the open for ease of instruction in the basic principles of holding the rifle. It may have to be used in an emergency on service.

49. Explain and Demonstrate

a. Place the feet well apart with the balance point of the body between the feet.

b. Hold the rifle with the iright hand and pass the left hand through the sling, placing the sling well above the left elbow; grip the rifle very firmly with the left hand, just in front of the magazine. (It must be emphasized that the left

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hand grip must be firm and not too far forward, otherwise, when the grenade is fired, the rifle will slide back and may cause slight injury to the left hand, which will come in contact with the swi= vel bracket. (Correct adjustment of the sling will assist in holding the rifle firmly and correctly).

c. Draw the left elbow well back. This will bring the sling tight across the chest. Put the butt under the right armpit, and control it by pressing against it with the right arm.

d. Hold the head up and inclined to the right in order to align the sight correctly.

e. Push forward the safety catch and place the fore= finger on the trigger. Grip the pistol grip firmly with the right hand and force the right wrist to= wards the body. The pistol grip wrist and forearm must form a straight line to prevent the wrist from being injured on firing the grenade.


KNEELING POSITION (See fig 6-10)

51. The kneeling position can be used in the open, in a shallow trench, or behind low cover.

52. For kneeling adopt the normal firing position and apply holding and aiming rules as for the standing position.

53. Practise the squad in the kneeling position.

THE BACK POSITION (See fig 6-11)

5^. Explain that the back position is best if one has to fire in the open.

55. Explain and demonstrate :

a. Make a small heel hole, or arrange a stop for the butt. The stop must be firm, but not hard.

b. Sit down, lean back and take the weight of the body on the right elbow.

c. Rest the butt against the stop and grip the rifle firmly with the left hand in a comfortable position.

d. Draw up the knee(s) to allow the thighs or knee(s) to act as a support to the left arm.

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Fig 6-9Standing Position

Fig 6-10Kneeling Position

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Fig 6-11The Back Position

e. Place the first or second finger of the right hand on the trigger, keeping the remainder of the hand clear of the rifle.

f. Aiming as for other positions.

56. Explain that it is impractical to fire the grenade from the normal prone position.


KNEELING POSITION (For indirect fire) (See fig 6-12)

58. By using this position, the maximum range of 300 metres may be utilized. Due to the lack of a suitable sight, the rifle sling is of great help in that it may be trodden down on the ground by the shot at various lengths to determine the angle.

59- Explain and demonstrate :

a. Adopt the normal kneeling position.

b. Place the butt on the ground and the range is de= termined by the angle between the rifle and the ground.

c. It must be emphasized that the body of the shot must be as far as possible behind the rifle to get

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the butt, grenade and target on the same line.

d. This method is not as accurate as the preceding ones.

e. The suggested lengths, measured from the swivel, are as follows :

Length of sling Actual distance

67 cm56 cm35 cm

300 metres250 metres200 metres

57. These lengths will vary when the grenade is launched from the high angle.


Fig 6-12Kneeling Position : Indirect Fire

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59. Set out hereunder are the safety measures in respect of the No 103 HE Rifle grenade (See Army order 4/77) :

a. The method of firing the No 103 HE Grenade is exactly the same as for the anto-tank grenade, ex= cept that the pistol grip is firmly held with a straight wrist.

b. The fragmentation potency of the grenade fired on maximum range of 100 m is 100 m on hard ground; Therefore the danger area is 100 m radius for 36O0. Cover must thus be available for both the firer and the supervisor.

c. Before firing the safety mechanism and safety pin must be examined for any disturbance.

d. Nobody is allowed to unscrew the fuze or the tail fin unit from the grenade.

e. The securing ring of the grenade launcher on the rifle must be in position before firing grenades. Faulty rings could cause a premature explosion close to the muzzle of the rifle which could have fatal results.

f. Under no circumstances must the No 103 Ballistic cartridge be used to fire off any other grenade but the No 103. Likewise the No 103 HE grenade must be fired off by using only the No 103 ballistic car= tridge.

CONCLUSION


61. Sum up the main points which are :

a. Description.

b. Recognition.

c. Action of Grenade.

d. Firing.

e. Safety Measures.

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AIM

1. To teach the recognition, preparation, uses and safety measures in respect of the 75 mm Rifle Grenade.

PERIODS

2. This lesson requires 3 x 40 period lectures.

STORES

3. Rifles, slings, 75 mm Grenades HEAT and Practise.

PRELIMINARIES

4. Set out the stores and seat the squad in a semi-circ around the table.

APPROACH

5. The grenade, rifle, 75 mm is South African made and is an anti-tank, hollow charge, high explosive weapon fired from the grenade launchers of the 7,62 mm R1 and 7,62 mm RIII rifles.

INTRODUCTION

6. Characteristics

a. Light and Mobile.

b. Highly efficient against concrete and armour.

c. Due to its sensitive fuze it can be used effective= ly against soft skinned vehicles.

-7. Penetration Ability. The grenade will penetrate 260 mm of armour at angles of impact at 70° from the normal. This corresponds to heavy tank turret construction whilst ac = counting for realistic grenade impact angles.

8. Effective Fighting Range. The effective fighting range, limited by the chance of hitting the target, is 150 m. The extreme range at 45° launch angle is 300 m and

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the danger area (for prac purpose only) has a radius of450 m x 300 m wide.

DESCRIPTION (See fig 7-1)

9. The grenade consists of an alluminium body, containing a high explosive hollow charge. It is nose fuzed withthe BS02 fuze and stabilised in flight by a tail unit.The detonator MA106 initiating the charge is situated in the base of the grenade, and the flash channel leading to it is protected by a metal shroud (the internal safety device) until the grenade is in flight. The grenade is launched with the 7,62 mm x 51 mm unit during storage and transit.

10. The body consists of two parts. A forward conical faring, terminating in a threaded collar, supports the fuze at a suitable "stand-off distance" to give the opti= mum time for the build up of the hollow charge jet.

11. The rear half, behind a short cylindrical portion, is finished in a cone, the end of which is closed by a washer and supported in a cone shaped aluminium alloy col= lar which is threaded internally at the rear to take the tail unit adaptor. After filling the two parts of the body are spun together under remote control.

12. The filling composition. The filling, consisting of approximately360gramsisin two parts. The forward portion consisting of 325 grams of RDX/WAX 8/3 (93/7) forms the hollow charge and is pressed into a coned copper liner, which terminates in a short cylindrical end. This end with an axial recess formed in the rear of the charge, houses the internal security device.

13. The rear portion of the filling (The booster charge), consisting of 35 grams of RDX/WAX/8/3, is a pressed pellet, perforated to take the detonator MA10G housing. This per= foration is lined with a tinned brass tube, the end of shich is supported by a cardboard washer resting on the rear of the pellet. If during assembly it is found thatan air gap is evident between the front face of the booster charge and the rear end of the main charge, a cardboard washer is inserted to eliminate the air gap.

1^. The Safety Shroud Assembly. (See fig 2-2). This de= vice is an internal safety arrangement which masks the end of the flash channel leading to the detonator until after the grenade has been fired and has cleared the projector by at least 1,5 metres.

15- It fits the rear portion of the filling, as described above and is retained in position by a fillet of composi= tion. The shroud consists of a hollow aluminium allow piston with relieved walls and a pointed head. It moves inside a cylindrical aluminium outer body and over an

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.FUZE

.FRONT CAP

.BODY

.COPPER CONE

.SHAPED CHARGE

.SAFETY SHROUD

.BOOSTER CHARGE

.DETONATOR

.INCREMENTAL CHARGE

.TAIL TUBE

LAUNCHING CARTRIDGE

.FIN ASSEMBLY

Fig 7-1Grenade Rifle 75 mm HEAT

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inner plated brass sleeve. These two components are join= ted at the base where the skirt of the housing is enlarged to fit over a flange on the sleeve.

16. A coiled spring, housed within the sleeve is retained by the shoulder at the base of the sleeve and a central lug on the inner surface of the head of the shroud.

17. The spring is under compression when the shroud is assembled in the ’SAFE’ position, where it is held by a bayonet type joint. This is formed by two pins projecting from the inner wall of the sleeve. These channels take an upward zig-zag course opposite sides of the sleeve, run= ning out at the top. The zig-zag course giving timed de= lay effect.

18. The setback on firing, disengages the pins from the blind end of the channels, and the shroud thus released, moves forward under the influence of the spring controlled by the pins moving up the zig-zag channels. When the pins clear the ends of the channels the shroud and spring are thrown forward into the hollows portion of the grenade, leaving a clear path by which the flash from the fuze can reach the detonator.

19. Detonator MA10G. This detonator is approved,for use with the grenade Rifle 75 mm HEAT. It consists of a brass tube and a detonator relay which, when assembled, is 30mm long. The brass tube is closed at one end and contains 15 g of Hexogene. The detonator relay is made of steel and is fitted into the open end of the brass tube and rests against two polythelene washers and is crimped in this position.

20. The relay detonator contains three fillings, namely Hexogene, Lead Azide and Lead Styphnate. TKe joint be= tween the relay detonator and the brass tube is readily distinguishable, and it is this end that is inserted into the detonator cavity of the grenade. The detonator is housed in a detonator holder and is attached to the adap= ter of the grenade by a plastic washer.

21. The Tail Unit. (Fig 7-3). This consists of an alumi= nium alloy tube thckened at the forward end where the fi= ring pressures are highest, and reduced in external dia= meter in a short tapered portion near the middle. The rear end carries a six-vaned stabiliser made of polythene andis pressed on tp the tail tube.

22. The forward end of the tail unit screws into an alumi= nium alloy adapter. This adapter is slightly coned exter= nally to match the contour of the rear of the grenade.The base is drilled and threaded internally to take the tail tube. The front is stepped to add rigidity to the joint and carries a raised threaded boss which screws into the collar at the rear of the body. The rear face of the boss is machined to form a recess which takes the incre= mental charge.

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restricted7-5

ShroudShroud

Washer

«

Outer body

Inner sleeve

Fig 7-2The Safety Shroud Assembly

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PALLET

£1S. .7-3 The Tail Unit

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23• The Incremental Charge. This component consists of a celluloid cup filled with approximately one gram of either coopal or RP 41 powder. The incremental charge is fitted to the grenade to assist the launching cartridge and the two pressures give the grenade its initial velocity of 62M/sec at a temperature of 21° C(70° F).

24. Fuze Transit Cap. The grenade is issued with a push-on plastic protection cap which is only removed during prepa= ration for firing.

25- Fuze Percussion B5O2 Ml (Fig 7-4A and 7-4B). This fuze is designed to function on direct action or graze.

26. The construction of the fuze is as follows :

a. The rear body is threaded externally to enter the grenade, and a hole is drilled on the outside to act as a grip when screwing the fuze into the gre= nade, and has an internal thread at front to take the front body.

b. The cone shaped upper body has two internal diame= ters, the rear and larger diameter accommodating the front portion of a sliding arming sleeve and the forward smaller diameter a movable striker assembly.

c. The arming sleeve is flanged at the rear to fit the inside of the fuze body and has four lugs to the rear for folding into a groove round the outside of the striker guide.

d. The front of the striker guide is a sliding fit within the arming sleeve, the flange at the rear is a similar fit within the fuze body. The front sur= face is chamferred internally to partially house six steel locking balls in the 'safe' position.The detonator holder contains the groove for the arming sleeve lugs and the extension in which a platform is formed with a central hole to facili= tate the movement of the striker point. Behind this platform the striker guide is threaded inter= nally to take the igneferous detonator which con= tains three pellets. The detonator consists of an aluminium tube 38 mm long in which is housed the MA50 detonator consisting of three charges. The upper with NOL-l.30, the middle lead azide and the lower with RDK.

e. The arming spring surrounds the rear of the detona= tor holder, bearing on a flange at the rear and the arming sleeve in the front.

f. The striker is flanged externally to fit inside the front body and is fitted to a steel head, the top of which is tungsten carbide. The rear of the strikei' is reduced in diameter with a flange to partially house the steel balls in the ’safe* posi=

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Arming Slide

"“Arming

«r

StrikET Spring

Spring

Arming Sleeve

Washer

Rear Body

Fig 7-^AFuze Percussion BSO2 Ml

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Upper Washer

Locking Balls (6) 0 2 mm

Arming Spring

Upper Bo

Plunger

Striker Spring

Louer Body

Striker

Detonator Holder

Fig 7-4BSectioned View Fuze Percussion BS02 Ml

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tion, and has a striker point to fire the detona= tor.

g. A striker spring surrounds the rear of the striker between the rear flange and the platform in the detonator holder.

27. Fuze Action. (See F±g 7-5)• The action of the B502 Ml fuze is as follows :

a. Before firing. The armed spring holds the aiming sleeve in the forward position retaining the balls between the sleeve and the recess of the striker. This effectively prevents any movement, the stri= ker remaining in the forward position and the deto= nator holder containing the detonator head to the rear.

b. On Firing. The sudden acceleration causes the sleeve to set back against its spring and forces the lugs into the groove of the detonator holder, thus locking together the sleeve, spring and deto= nator holder. The six steel balls are thus freed and only a light striker spring holds the striker and detonator holder apart. The fize is now armed.

c. On Graze. The sudden acceleration causes the de= tonator holder with the detonator, aiming sleeve and spring to move forward against the striker point, to fire the detonator by impingement of the detonator upon the striker.

d. On Impact. The hard head of the striker impinges onto the target, driving the point of the striker into the detonator thus firing the detonator.

CARTRIDGE 7,62 MM X 51 MM FOR 75 MM GRENADE

28. Cartridge 7,62 mm x 51 mm is used to launch the 75 mm grenade from the rifle. (See fig 7-6).

29• Grenade Rifle, 75 mm A tk Prac R1M1 (fig 7-7). The grenade rifle 75 mm A tk, practise R1M1 consists of a body and detachable tail assembly. The metal head is entirely inert and resembles in shape, mass and balance the grenade rifle 75 mm HEAT R1M1.

30. The tail tube and tail fin assembly are replacable either together or separately. Care must be taken to ensure correct fitment of the front and rear locking rings.

31. The incremental charge is the same as described in paragraph 23, and is easily fitted to the practise grenade tail unit. It is issued separately as required.

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a) Fuse before launch

c) Fuse at graze d) Fuse at impact

Fig 7-5Fuze Action

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Fig 7-6Cartridge 7<62 mm x $1 mm

Fig 7-7Grenade Rifle, 75 mm A Tk Prac R1M1

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32. Cartridges. Either cart 7,62 x 51 mm H R1M1, H R1M2 or FN 61 may be used to launch the prac grenade and may be issued separately, as required.

33. Before re-using a practise grenade it is important to take the following action :

a. Remove all dirt, sand, etc from the grenade.

b. Unscrew tail assembly from head.

c. Remove expended incremental charge.

d. Clean tail tube using wire brush.

e. Check grenade for splits and cracks and damaged tail assemblies.

f. Refit new incremental charge.

g. Screw tail unit firmly to head.

34. Packing and Containers. Grenade Rifle 75 mm are con= tained in plastic containers, all lettering is stencilled in bright yellow paint. Six grenades are packed in one plastic containers.

Fig 7-8Packing and Containers

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PERIOD 3 : LOADING, UNLOADING AND AIMING

AIM

35« To teach loading the grenade, unloading without firing and aiming.

36. Loading and unloading is the same as for Grenade HE No 103.

37. Aiming. The method of aiming is the same as for the No103 Grenade except for the range-. The following range table must be used with the 45 mm grenade :

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AIM

1. To teach the recognition and preparation for use of the 36 grenade.

STORES

2. A drill grenade and igniter set and a drill cartridge for the instructor and each man. The instructor should have an instructional grenade or a diagram showing the mechanism. Cleaning rag.


3. The first safety precaution, as taught in this lesson, will always be carried out under the supervision of the instructor at the beginning of every 36 grenade training period.

ll. Previous to the issue of igniter sets with the four- seconds fuze, there was one issued with a buff-coloured fuze which burnt for seven seconds. This fuze was used when the grenade was fired from the discharger cup fitted to the rifle; the four-seconds type should always be used when the grenade is thrown.

PRELIMINARIES

5. Give each man a grenade, a drill cartridge, an igniter set and cleaning material.

THE FIRST SAFETY PRECAUTION

6. Explain that, before the 36 grenade is used, it must be examined to make sure it is not primed. With the squad imitating, show how this is done by unscrewing the base plug and looking inside to see that there is no igniter set in it.

APPROACH

7. The grenade is an anti-personnel type and on explosion may kill or cause wounds up to 20 metres from the point of burst; when exploding on hard groumd, casualties may be

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inflicted up to a distance of about 250 metres. It is most useful for dealing with enemy in slit trenches, dugouts and buildings. It is also useful in close-quarter fighting but there is always a risk, in the open, of causing casual= ties to one’s own side. This lesson teaches how to recog= nise a live 36 grenade and how to prepare it for throwing.

8. Description (See figs "8-1 and 8-2). Describe the gre = nade, which has a grooved cast iron body filled with high explosives. The grooves assist in the complete break-up of the bomb. In the centre, there are two sleeves, the middle one for the striker and spring, and the other for the detonator. The striker and spring are held up in posi= tion by the striker lever which is fitted into a slot at the top of the striker. The lever is secured to the gre= nade by a safety pin, which pases over it and through holes in the shoulders of the grenade. The grenade weights 1 1/2 lbs.

9. Recognition (See fig 8-1). A live grenade is recog= nised by its light or dark brown body with a red band or series of crosses painted round it. The grooving of the body of the grenade enables it to be identified at night.

PREPARATION BEFORE PRIMING

10. Explain that the grenade must be inspected, cleaned and tested thoroughly before it is used, to ensure that it will work correctly. This preparation includes the in= spection and cleaning of the outside and inside of the body and of its parts, and also of the "strikertest".

*11. Explain and demonstrate, with the squad, imitating, how the preparation is carried out.

12. Examining the outside of the grenade. The lever must be checked to see that it is firm in the striker slot, and that it does not stick out too far from the body; if it does, it may be bent to fit better when the grenade is stripped. See that the shoulders of the grenade are not broken or cracked and that the safety pin and ring are sound.

13- Question the squad on the exterior examination of the grenade.

Stripping. To strip the grenade, the base plug is re= moved, the points of safety pin closed, and, keeping the lever under control with the fingers, the pin is pulled out. Holding the open end of the grenade against the body, allow the lever to come up under control; the stri= ker and its spring can now be shaken out.

15. Cleaning. To help the striker to function correctly in its sleeve, all wax should be cleaned off the body round the top of and inside the striker sleeve and from

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Fig 8-136 Grenade

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RESTRICTED8-4the striker and spring. The striker must be.straight, and at its base have two lugs and the gas escape slot between them.

16. Assembling before striker test. The striker and spring are placed in the centre sleeve, so that the slot at the top of the striker is towards the shoulders. Using a round, nose end first, or ,the base plug key, the strikeris forced upwards through the hole in the top of the gre= nade and the lever placed in the slot and held down firmly.

17. The striker test. With the open end of the grenade against the body, release the lever. This will show if the striker is free in the body and whether the spring will force it down hard enough to set off the cap of the igni= ter set. If the striker moves sluggishly or jams, either the cleaning has not been done properly or there is some other fault in the grenade. In the latter case the grenade should not be used.

18. Final assembling. Explain and demonstrate, with the squad imitating, that for the final assembly of the gre= nade, the striker, spring and lever must be replaced as already taught. With the lever held down firmly with the fingers and the filling screw towards the body, the pin should be put back from right ot left if the thrower is right-handed, (see fig 8-2) or from left to right if he is left-handed. The points of the pin are then splayed out slightly; if splayed uut too much, there will be diffi= culty in pulling out the pin and the ring may be broken off. Finally the base plug will be replaced.

19. Practise the squad in stripping, cleaning, testing and assembling the grenade.

THE IGNITER SET

20. Description. Explain that the igniter set is used to explode the grenade; it consists of a .22 inch cap in a chamber, a short length of safety fuse bent to shape and a detonator. (See fig 8-3). The set must be handled carefully, holding it by the fuse and cap chamber. It must never be struck or crushed and it must be kept away from heat and not allowed to become damp. No attempt will ever be made to strip down any part of the igniter set.

21. Recognition. (See fig 8-4). Explain that the fuse is white and has, for night identification, a rubber band or paper ring round it. This must not be removed. This type of fuse burns for four seconds.

22. Explain that there is another type of igniter set for the 26 grenade fitted with a length of safety fuse which burns for seven seconds; this type will not be used in grenades for throwing. The fuse fitted to the seven minute type of igniter set is buff in colour and has no rubber

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8-5

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DETONATORSLEEVE

<*

GAS ESCAPESLOT

STRIKERLEVER

Mechanism

D. BASE PLUG H. RING & PIN IN SHOULDERSE. FILLING SCREW I. IGNITER SET

F. SHOULDER J. STRIKER

G. GROOVED CAST IRON BODY Fig 8-3

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Fig 8 -Igniter Set

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band or paper ring round it.

23. Inspection. Explain and demonstrate with the squad imitating the inspection of the igniter set. See that the hole in the centre of the .22 inch cap is covered and sealed; the cap chamber must be sound and the detonator and cap chamber be firmly attached to the fuse.

24. Explain and demonstrate with the squad imitating that to prime the grenade, the base plug is removed; the deto= nator sleeve must then be inspected to ensure that it is free from any obstruction and has not rough edges. Hol= ding the igniter set by the cap and fuse between finger and thumb, squeeze them very gently together to ensure that they will go into the grenade easily. The detonator is then inserted carefully into its sleeve and the cap chamber pushed in as far as it will go. If, for any reason the igniter set cannot be inserted easily into the grenade, both should be rejected. The base plug is replaced and screwed up with the base plug key.

UNPRIMING THE GRENADE

25. Explain, with the squad imitating, that to unprime the grenade, the base plug is removed and the igniter set carefully taken out and replaced in its box.

26. Practise the squad in priming and unpriming the gre= nde.

MECHANISM (See figs 8-3 and 8-5)

27- Explain and demonstrate how the grenade explodes. When the pin is pulled out and the grenade thrown, the spring forces down the striker and at the same time causes the lever to fly off. The lugs on the striker hit the.22 inch cap and the flash caused ignites the safety fuse. The fuse burns and sets off the detonator.

28. Question the squad on the mechanism.

PACKING

29. Explain and demonstrate that 12 grenades are packed in a wooden box marked "Hand grenades, 3 secs". In each box is a tin containing 12 igniter sets. A base plug key is fitted on the inside of the lid of each box. Grenades for use with a rifle discharger are packed 12 in a box with 12 igniter sets, 12 gas check plates and 14 ballis= tite cartridges; the word "Rifle" is stencilled on the side of the box and "7 secs" on the lid.

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RING AND PIN

B. STRIKER LEVER

Fig 8-5 Mechanism

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30. Practise the squad in packing grenades

CONCLUSION


32. Further practise of weak points.

33. Sum up.

THROWING THE HAND GRENADE (SEE VOLUME 1)

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Qedruk deur 1 Mlltttre Druk Eenheld Printed by 1 Military Printing Unit

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RESTRICTED A/3/O8/PL GREN TRAINING WITH GRENADES With Grenades.pdf · Pr eface i Amendment Sheet ii Contents iii 1. General 1-1 2. The No 8 and 7 R1M1 Hand Grenade 2-1 3- The M26