Restoration History- ReviewRestoration History- Review

WHAT has been “restored”?WHAT has been “restored”? WHERE did Charles II spend much of WHERE did Charles II spend much of

his exile and HOW did this affect the his exile and HOW did this affect the English court?English court?

WHY did Parliament push for James II WHY did Parliament push for James II to abdicate the throne?to abdicate the throne?

Religious strife…againReligious strife…again

Recap:Recap:– Christian missionaries begin converting Christian missionaries begin converting

Anglo Saxons in the British Isles circa Anglo Saxons in the British Isles circa 597 CE. Catholicism eventually becomes 597 CE. Catholicism eventually becomes the official religion of England the official religion of England

– Henry VIII breaks with Catholic Church Henry VIII breaks with Catholic Church (remember the whole “six wives” (remember the whole “six wives” debacle?) and establishes Anglican debacle?) and establishes Anglican Church-- 1534Church-- 1534

– Bloody Mary returns England to Bloody Mary returns England to Catholicism-- 1553Catholicism-- 1553

Wait..are we Anglican or Wait..are we Anglican or Catholic?Catholic?

Elizabeth I re-establishes Anglicanism Elizabeth I re-establishes Anglicanism as the official religion of England-- as the official religion of England-- 15581558

SO England is a predominantly SO England is a predominantly PROTESTANT country and pursues PROTESTANT country and pursues anti-Catholic policies (Act of anti-Catholic policies (Act of Settlement, war with Catholic France Settlement, war with Catholic France etc)etc)

1707- England, Scotland and Wales 1707- England, Scotland and Wales unite as Great Britainunite as Great Britain

So who is missing? IRELANDSo who is missing? IRELAND

When Henry VIII turned England into a Protestant (Anglican)country most of Ireland adhered to their Catholic faith. Several English monarchs attempted to force the Irish to convert, but Ireland remains predominantly Catholic.

In the course of time the landowners in the northern part of Ireland fled their land and left it to the English king. James I (circa 1601) sent thousands of protestant colonists to settle on the land that belonged to the Catholic people. These settlements were called plantations.

The Catholics rebelled against this policy but by the middle of the 17th century they had been finally defeated. The Catholics were left without land and power.

The English who took over Irish land The English who took over Irish land treated their “tenants” cruelly, and treated their “tenants” cruelly, and the Irish had no recourse as they had the Irish had no recourse as they had neither power nor money on their neither power nor money on their sideside

Enter Jonathan SwiftEnter Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift 1667-1745Jonathan Swift 1667-1745 Anglican PriestAnglican Priest SatiristSatirist Political writerPolitical writer Swift ends up uniquely in between Swift ends up uniquely in between

the two societies (English and Irish)the two societies (English and Irish)

On the English side…On the English side…

Born to English parentsBorn to English parents Lived in Surrey, England as secretary Lived in Surrey, England as secretary

to a retired English diplomatto a retired English diplomat Involved in British politicsInvolved in British politics Anglican priestAnglican priest

On the Irish Side…On the Irish Side…

One Irish parentOne Irish parent Born in Dublin, IrelandBorn in Dublin, Ireland Attended Trinity College in DublinAttended Trinity College in Dublin Appointed dean of St. Patrick’s Appointed dean of St. Patrick’s

Cathedral in DublinCathedral in Dublin– He felt exiled after having lived in Eng He felt exiled after having lived in Eng

for so long, but it allowed him to for so long, but it allowed him to recognize the abhorrent English attitude recognize the abhorrent English attitude toward the Irishtoward the Irish

Thus…Thus…

Swift’s writing lashes out against the Swift’s writing lashes out against the English treatment of the Irish through English treatment of the Irish through his satires. his satires. A Modest ProposalA Modest Proposal is one is one of the most famous satires ever of the most famous satires ever written, and succeeded in drawing written, and succeeded in drawing attention to the issuesattention to the issues

““A Modest Proposal”A Modest Proposal”by Jonathan Swiftby Jonathan Swift

So far we’ve been learning So far we’ve been learning about…about…

- The structure of persuasive The structure of persuasive argumentsarguments

- The effect of persuasive appealsThe effect of persuasive appeals- Evaluating the effectiveness of Evaluating the effectiveness of

written argumentswritten arguments

Opening Others’ EyesWhat if you had good ideas for solving a terrible social problem, but no one would listen to you?

How would you get people’s attention?

Another method for persuasive Another method for persuasive writing is…writing is…

Satire – a literary work that uses Satire – a literary work that uses ironyirony, humor and , humor and fallacyfallacy to point to point out problems and criticize the people out problems and criticize the people who are causing them.who are causing them.

IRONY – the opposite of what you expect to IRONY – the opposite of what you expect to happen happen

FALLACY – a mistaken belief or a failure of FALLACY – a mistaken belief or a failure of reasoning that makes an argument invalid. reasoning that makes an argument invalid.

Verbal irony occurs when a writer or speaker says one thing but really means something quite different—usually the exact opposite.

You overslept, forgot to feed the dog, and are coming down with a bad cold. Someone asks youhow you’re doing, and you respond, “Just great. I wish every day could be just like this one.” You have just used verbal irony.

Writers cannot depend on tone of voice to convey sarcasm, so they often use irony to make their point.

Literary Focus: Verbal IronyLiterary Focus: Verbal Irony

It will be most beneficial to student athletes if they are allowed to coast through school. After all, why take up precious space in their brains with math or social studies when they have a whole playbook to memorize? Getting a college degree is overkill when you already know how to protect a quarterback, shoot free throws, or pitch a shutout.

Is this writer being sarcastic? How can you tell?

Examples…Examples…

As you watch each of these examples As you watch each of these examples think about WHAT issue is being think about WHAT issue is being satirized and WHY the argument is satirized and WHY the argument is effectiveeffective

http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-march-10-2011/crisis-in-dairyland---apocalypse-cow

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTqob1yIFwI

Explain why you think satire Explain why you think satire might be an effective tool for might be an effective tool for

social change?social change?

““A Modest Proposal” A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swiftby Jonathan Swift

Define ModestDefine ModestDefine ProposalDefine Proposal List following vocabulary AND Label List following vocabulary AND Label

++ if you Know the Word Well if you Know the Word Well-- if you have Heard of It -- if you have Heard of It ? if you have No Clue? if you have No Clue

alms prodigious parish damalms prodigious parish dam commodity flaycommodity flay

*Use your resources to define each term*Use your resources to define each term(prior knowledge, dictionary, neighbor, etc)(prior knowledge, dictionary, neighbor, etc)

ModestModest= = limited; moderate; not limited; moderate; not extremeextreme

ProposalProposal= = suggestion; plansuggestion; planalmsalms= = money, food, donations given money, food, donations given

to needyto needyprodigiousprodigious= = enormous; hugeenormous; hugeparishparish= = local church community; local church community; political subdivision of British political subdivision of British countycounty

Write down each of the following words. Next to Write down each of the following words. Next to each, indicate + or – to denote each, indicate + or – to denote

positive or negative connotationpositive or negative connotation::

ChildrenChildren physicianphysician AmericanAmerican

carcasscarcass charitycharity

one millionone million fleshflesh beggars beggars

nationnation devoured devoured

foodfood breedersbreeders profitprofit

refinementrefinement shamblesshambles

Pictures to consider:Pictures to consider:

• Irish harvests had been poor for years.

Jonathan Swift faced such a situation in the late 1720s, when starvation was widespread in Ireland.

• Farmers couldn’t pay the rents demanded by their English landlords.

A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal byby Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift

• Beggars and starving children filled the streets.

• England’s policies kept the Irish poor.

Appalled by the misery in Ireland, Jonathan Swift set out to make the English more responsive to their neighbors’ suffering.

He wrote a pamphlet—a shocking satire that offered an outrageous “solution” to the problem of famine.

A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal byby Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift

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AS WE READ…AS WE READ…

Think about how Swift is using irony Think about how Swift is using irony and over exaggeration to get a and over exaggeration to get a reaction from his audiencereaction from his audience

Think about what his REAL purpose isThink about what his REAL purpose is Watch for his use of logos, pathos, Watch for his use of logos, pathos,

and ethosand ethos