Responsible and Prudent Use of antimicrobial agents in animals:

Botswana Experience. A presentation to the OIE Global

Conference – 13 to 15 March 2013

Kekgonne E. Baipoledi

Deputy Director, DVS and Focal Point for Veterinary Products for Botswana

Presentation layout

• Background

• Situation of VMPs in Botswana

• Use of VMPs in Botswana

• Recommendations

BOTSWANA Area = 582, 000 km2 Share a border with five countries:-RSA to the south and south east Namibia to the west and north-west Zambia (a point border in the northwest) Zimbabwe to the north east Semi-arid Population of 2.0 m (2011 census) 3.0 m cattle 1.0 m goats 0.5 m sheep 164 110 Donkeys 40 0000 Horses

Botswana’s Vision: prosperous productive and Innovative Nation

Rural Development is a priority

Livestock Production Underpins The rural economy Agriculture contributes 3% to the GDP (of which the

livestock component (beef exports) is 2.6%)

Access to export market Underpins Livestock production

Dairy production

Poultry production

Game farming

Small ruminants production

(Feedlot production for weaner production)

(Beef cattle production on the veld and

communal grazing)

90 0 90 18045 Kilometers

Botswana Veterinary Disease Control zones

The Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics S ection

Department of Veter inary Services

Private Bag 0032

Gaborone

Botswana

Telephone: + 267 3950635

Fax: + 267 3181383

E-mail: DAHP@gov.bw

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Version 1 :2009

(February 2009)

H:/DAHP .Botswana Veterinary Disease Control Zones.mxd

Africa national boundaries

Veterinary disease control zones

National Parks and Game Reserves

Fmd vaccination zone

Fmd free zone

Legend

Delta Disease control fences

Quarantine camps

Roads" Villages

Key to Disease Control ZonesEst Number 1,2 & 3

1, 2 (a, b, c,d) 3b,4a,7

3c,4b,5,6,8,9,10,

11, 12, 13

1 (part), 3a, 16

4a (part), 11 (part), 12

(part), 13 (part) & 17

(a) BMC abattoirs

(b) FMD vaccination zones

(c) FMD free zones

(d) National parks

& Game reserves

Manufacture: There is currently no

manufacturer of VMPs in Botswana

Distribution: VMPs are allowed into the country

by import permits issued by Director of

Veterinary Services and distributed to farmers

Retailers/Wholesalers: There are several in the

country, and are under official controls by the

Department of Veterinary Services.

Private Practitioners: This is a developing sector

in the country. Vets are licensed to practice and

dispense VMPs under Veterinary Surgeons Act

Prescription only medicines (POMs) are

imported and distributed/dispensed only by

Veterinarians registered under the Veterinary

Surgeons’ Act or by pharmacists registered

under the Chapter61-02 Botswana Health

Professions under Ministry of Health.

Various practices keep their records on these

products

Currently Botswana recognises VMPs

registered in Republic of South Africa

(majority of imports), Zimbabwe and

Namibia

With new legislation before parliament,

Botswana will then start registering such

products

The DVS also run a network of Livestock

Advisory Centers throughout the country

Over-the-counter drugs are available at

Livestock Advisory Centers run by DVS and

records on these are kept.

Retailers licensed to trade in these over-the-

counter drugs are found throughout the

country

To monitor their use, surveillance is carried

out in milk and milk products as well as in

beef testing for residues

Antimicrobials resistance has been monitored

for sometime for the following:

Ampicillin

Oxytetracylcine

Penicillin

Gentamycin

Erythromycin

Sulphamethaxazole

Amoxycillin

Novobiocin

Products selected because of:

They are the first line of drugs used by General

practitioners when treating people

These are the common drugs used by

veterinarians and farmers in case of sickness of

animals, e.g. heartwater (E. ruminantium)

Un-prescribed use of veterinary drugs is

discouraged, especially among non-

professional people, including farmers.

Feed manufactures are also given permission

to set up by the Director of Veterinary

Services

Resistance has been found to be to

amoxicillin, erythromycin and moderately

for ampicillin.

Observations made on testing done for

milk and milk products

Surveillance was not structured in line with

OIE standards, so not easy to make

clearly informed conclusions

Through VMPs focal point MS should be encourage to establish inter-ministerial platforms (Agriculture and Health sectors) at national level to monitor AMR to inform human health interventions

Role of suppliers, farmers and other stakeholders in monitoring resistance to registered antimicrobials should be a shared one

OIE to consider including in the PVS gap analysis capacity for controls on VMPs by MS in Africa/developing countries