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Biologicals and Botanicals: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives © 2009 Vineland Research and Innovation Centre Michael Brownbridge and Pam Charbonneau Landscape Ontario Horticultural Trades Association IPM Symposium Jan 10, 2011

Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

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Page 1: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Biologicals and Botanicals: 

Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives

© 2009 Vineland Research and Innovation Centre

Michael Brownbridge and Pam CharbonneauLandscape Ontario Horticultural Trades Association IPM Symposium

Jan 10, 2011

Page 2: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Ontario’s Cosmetic Pesticides Ban : Ontario Regulation 63/09 April 22, 2009

• Pesticides cannot be used for cosmetic purposes on lawns, vegetable and ornamental gardens, patios, driveways, cemeteries, and in parks and school yards. There are no exceptions… 

• >250 pesticide products banned for sale and over 80 pesticide ingredients banned for cosmetic uses. 

Page 3: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural
Page 4: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

No insecticides, no herbicides…

• Lawn care suddenly became difficult!• Insect control – how…???• No longer spray/broadcast and walk away• Requires a whole new approach and mindset• Creating a healthy system rather than curing a problem – east meets west

• Know the pest, the control options and how to use them

Page 5: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Changes in lawn care practices

• ‘Preventative’ vs ‘curative’ actions to ensure success

• No silver bullets– need to consider several approaches– healthy soil, healthy lawn as a first line of defense

• Managing customer expectations

Page 6: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Understand the enemy(ies)

• White grubs– European chafer– Japanese beetle– June bugs

• Chinch bug• Sod webworm• Leatherjackets

Page 7: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

White grubs

Page 8: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

European chafer – Rhizotrogus majalis

EuropeanChafer –Egg to adult

Page 9: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Detecting white grubs

• Adult swarms• Flocks of starlings feeding on the lawn• Feeding on fibrous roots causes turf to wilt and turn brown, turf lifts with ease

• Fold back turf to look for grubs

Page 10: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Chinch bugs

• Piercing‐sucking mouthparts• Nymphs and adults feed on many lawn grasses• Often aggregate when feeding• Feed on the crown and stems of turf grasses• Damage rapidly evident in hot, dry weather – irregular 

yellow/brown patches• Most damage in open, sunny areas, well‐drained soils

Page 11: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Detecting chinch bugs

• Damage• Direct observation

– Adults lay eggs May/June– Nymphs in early June, adults mid‐July thru’ Aug– Gently part the base of the grass – Adults only 4mm long; nymphs bright red

Page 12: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Monitoring

• Floatation method– Fill bucket with water– Place 10 cm diam plug into bucket– Wait several minutes for chinch bugs to float to the surface; gently agitate to 

dislodge insects– Repeat over lawn adjacent to areas of visible damage, or sample whole area– ≥10 bugs/sample, damage likely– Treat area to control bugs in late June‐July

Page 13: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Research on natural controls

• Microbial biological control agents– living organisms, e.g., nematodes, fungi– need to be stored, handled and applied correctly

• Botanicals– plant‐derived materials, e.g., essential oils, neem, corn gluten

– need to be stored, handled and applied correctly• Combined treatments to improve efficacy

Page 14: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Microbial biocontrol agents

• European chafer, Japanese beetle susceptible to:– Nematodes– Fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae)

• Chinch bugs:– Naturally infected with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae– Natural aggregation behavior may promote spread of disease– Nematodes

• Nematodes– New species adapted to cooler soils?– Best use practices, combinations

• New fungal products, application protocols

Page 15: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Biological control of white grubs with nematodes

• Optimal time to treat: July/Aug• Purchase the correct species, as‐needed

– Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb nematode)– Sold under a variety of trade names (Grub Patrol, Nemasys G)

• Refrigerate after purchase until use; limited shelf life• Ensure sufficient nematodes are applied

Page 16: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Key to successful use of nematodes:Refrigerate, irrigate, agitate…apply• Ideally, apply when conditions are overcast, early morning or evening

– Nematodes are temperature and uv sensitive• If the lawn is dry, irrigate (approx 0.5 ‐ 1 inch)• Prepare and use on the same day:

– Add entire contents of a pack to cool, fresh water to re‐hydrate– Remove any filters in sprayer– Add to spray tank to obtain correct concentration and rate/unit area– Apply, agitating constantly– Irrigate again to ‘wash’ nematodes into the soil

• Correct use protocols are key to ensure nematodes are healthy and sufficient numbers reach the target pest to cause mortality

Page 17: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Research: Natural products tested against chafer grubs

Product Designation

Neem seed cake Botanical

Neem seed cake + corn gluten Botanical

Hb (Grub Patrol) 7.5 billion/ha Biological (nematode)

Hb (Grub Patrol) 5.0 billion/ha Biological (nematode)

Hb (experimental) 7.5 billion/ha Biological (nematode)

Hb (experimental) 5.0 billion/ha Biological (nematode)

Met52 granular Biological (fungus ‐Metarhizium)

Met52 ‘spray’ Biological (fungus)

Met52 spray + Hb (Grub Patrol 5bn/ha) Combination biological/botanical

Merit granules (11.2 g/2m2) Chemical standard

Untreated N/A

Page 18: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Field trials 2010...to date

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

Neem cake + corn gluten

Hb (Grub Patrol) 5bn/ha

Met52 aqueous

Met 52 + Hb (5bn/ha)

Merit (11.2g/2m2)

Untreated

Chafer Grubs/Sam

ple (%

 of P

re‐treatmen

t Cou

nt)

Week 0

Week 3

Week 6

Note. These results are preliminary and do not represent a recommendation or endorsement of any specific product tested. Additional trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Page 19: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Effects of timing on European chafer control in lawn turf

Mean # Chafer larvae in lawn samples (0.45 sq M) after treatment with H. bacteriophora

10.5

4.52

7.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

control 1st instar 2nd instar

Data courtesy Deb Henderson, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, BC

Page 20: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Fun in the field 2010

Page 21: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Control of chinch bugs

• Cultural practices, e.g.,– Aeration to reduce compaction– Removal of thick layers of thatch– Use  of slow‐release fertilizers, etc.

• Grasses with endophytic fungi (fescues, rye grass) will reduce chinch feeding but are less cold‐tolerant

• Natural predators (rove beetles, ants, spiders), parasites• Microbials, e.g., nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae ‐ Sc), fungi 

(B.bassiana, M. anisopliae)

Page 22: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Natural products tested against chinch bugs

Product Designation

Neem granules Botanical

NeemWP (spray) Botanical

Met52 granules Biological (fungus)

Met52 spray Biological (fungus)

Sc (Millenium) 250 million/1,000m2 Biological (nematode)

Sc (Millenium) + natural wetting agent Biological + botanical

Essential oil Botanical

Untreated  N/A

Note: as no pesticides can be used in urban lawns, no insecticide ‘standard’ was included in the trials

Page 23: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Chinch bug field trials 2010

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Mean No. Chinch Bu

gs/4 Soil Cores

0 days

8 days

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Mean No. Chinch Bu

gs/4 Soil Cores

0 days

10 days

Site 1

Site 2Note. These results are preliminary and do not represent a recommendation or endorsement of any specific product tested. Additional trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Page 24: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Sod webworm, leatherjackets

• Susceptible to nematodes used vs white grubs (Hb) and chinch bugs (Sc)

• May need to apply later in the season for leatherjackets (Sept‐Oct)

• Healthy lawn = first line of defense

Page 25: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Mycoherbicides• Sarritor (Sclerotinia minor)

• Selective control of broad leaf weeds

• Phoma (Phoma macrostoma)

• Active vs a wider range of broadleaf weeds incl. thistles

• Original research done in AAFC Saskatchewan

• Commercial development  by Scott’s

Corn gluten• Natural pre‐emergent herbicide

Fiesta• Chelated iron

And weeds…???

Page 26: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Summary

• The cosmetic pesticide ban has changed the way we must think about lawn pests

• New approaches require a different mindset • Understand the pest’s biology and the ‘needs’ of the control agents

• Change of mindset by the clients – difficult!• Encouraging results for a range of new products

Page 27: Responding to the Pesticide Ban with Natural Alternatives · Data courtesy Deb Henderson, KwantlenPolytechnic University, BC. Fun in the field 2010. Control of chinch bugs • Cultural

Acknowledgements

• Cosmetic Use Pesticide Research and Innovation (CUPRI) Program

• Agriculture and AgriFood Canada Growing Forward Program

• AAFC AgriScience Cluster Program• Ontario Turf Research Foundation• Taro Saito• Paul Côté• L. Patrick Schenck• Richard Reed – Dufferin LawnLife• Gerry Brouwer

QUESTIONS?