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Respiratory System
Pre-assessment Questions: What is cellular respiration? How does the respiratory
system relate to cellular respiration?
How does the circulatory system relate to the respiratory system and to cellular respiration?
Respiratory System
I. Overview
A. Primary functions: Gas exchange: Which gases and in which
direction?1. To absorb oxygen
2. Release carbon dioxide
3. Warms, humidifies and filters air
B.How does gas exchange relate to cellular
respiration?
The respiratory system brings in the oxygen and removes the carbon dioxide so you can produce energy.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
1. RS brings oxygen into the body
2. Oxygenated blood gets pumped by the CS to cells of the body
3. O2 is exchanged for CO2 at the cellular level
4. Deoxygenated blood is transported back to the lungs via the CS
5. CO2 is expelled by the lungs
YEAH! I’M ALIVE!
Respiratory System
II. Anatomy
A. Nose / Nasal Cavity1. Air enters the body and is filtered, warmed and humidified HOW and WHY?2. Lined with cilia and mucous WHY?
Respiratory System
B. Pharynx (Throat)1. Passageway for air
and foodC. Epiglottis
1. Covers the opening to the trachea when you swallow 2. Why?
** prevents food from “going down the wrong way.” 3. What is the wrong way?
1. A pathway lined with several pieces of cartilage which are connected to muscles.
2. Allows us to communicate 3. One piece, the thyroid
cartilage forms the “Adam’s apple “.
Why do boys have a larger Adam’s apple?
***Testosterone causes it to grow larger.
D. Larynx “Voice Box”
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
E. Trachea1. Cartilaginous tube -
“Windpipe”2. Divides into right and left
bronchi
Respiratory System
F. Bronchi1. Two large passageways in the chest
cavity – each leads to one lung2. Subdivide into smaller bronchioles
3. Smooth muscle surrounds the bronchi and bronchioles and control size of airway4. Bronchioles subdivide into millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli
Respiratory System
G. Alveoli1. Oxygen dissolves in
the moisture on the inner surface, then diffuses across capillaries into the blood
2. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream diffuses in the opposite direction
Alveoli
Bronchiole
Capillary
There are 150 millionalveoli in each healthylung!
Respiratory SystemIII. Breathing
A. Controlled by the diaphragmB. CO2 levels in blood determine
diaphragm contraction; monitored by cells in brain
Air inhaled
Diaphragm
Rib cage rises
Air exhaled
Diaphragm
Rib cage lowers
Inhalation Exhalation
Quiz on Respiratory Structures
Nasal Cavity
Mouth
Epiglottis
Bronchus
Pharynx
Trachea
Lung
Bronchiole
Diaphragm
Respiratory System
IV. Diseases of the RSA. Asthma
1. Allergic reaction2. Smooth muscles contract, narrowing
the airways3. Clogs the airways with mucus
B. Bronchitis1. Excess mucus and inflammation of the
bronchioles2. Caused by long-term exposure to
irritants such as cigarette smoke and air pollutants
Respiratory System
C. Cystic Fibrosis1. Genetic defect that causes excessive
mucus production that clogs the airways; die from drowning
D. Pneumonia1. Inflammation of the lungs caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniaeE. Tuberculosis
1. Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) of the lungs that causes the formation of hard nodules and crusty dead spots in lungs
Respiratory System
V. Effects of Smoking1. Nicotine constricts bronchioles,
decreasing airflow in lungs = bad2. CO binds to hemoglobin reducing O2
carrying capacity = bad3. Irritants in smoke caused increased mucus
secretion and swelling of mucosal lining = bad
4. Irritants in smoke inhibit movement and eventually destroy cilia in lining of RS = bad
5. Over time, the elastic fibers of the lungs are destroyed causing collapse of small bronchioles and the trapping of air in alveoli = bad
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
VI. Smoking-Related DiseasesA. Emphysema: Destruction of the
walls of the alveoli resulting in less surface for gas exchange
Respiratory System
B. Chronic bronchitis: Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus
Respiratory System
C. Lung Cancer: leading cause of cancer deaths in US; most people die within a year of initial diagnosis; 85% of cases are related to smoking
Respiratory System
DON’T SMOKE OR YOU COULD WIND UP LIKE THESE GUYS!!!!!!!