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Functions•Brings oxygen from the air into the body and expels carbon dioxide from the body
Accomplished with the help of the circulatory system
Upper Respiratory System
•Consists of the nose, (snout, nostrils, etc) mouth, pharynx, epiglottis and larynx.
Vocabulary•Mucous membranes:
Lining of respiratory tract that secretes mucous
Mucus:Slimy secretion that helps to warm, moisten and filter air
Vocabulary Cont.•Cilia: Tiny wave-like hairs that line the nostrils and help to filter air.
•Pharynx: Shared by the respiratory and digestive systems
•Epiglottis:Tiny flap that covers the larynx during swallowing
Vocabulary Cont.
•Larynx: “voice box”, that contains vocal chords that vibrate when air passes through.
Lower Respiratory System
•Trachea: “Windpipe”….. rings of cartilage keep its shape
•Bronchi: branches at the bottom of the trachea that are contained in the lungs. Singular: Bronchus
Lower Respiratory System Cont.
•Bronchial Tree:Describes how branches of the bronchi get continually smaller , like a tree branch
Lower Respiratory Cont.
•Bronchioles:Smallest branches of the bronchial tree.
Alveoli: Grape-like clusters at the ends of the bronchiole. Exchange of gas occurs here
Lower Respiratory Cont.
•Lungs:Paired organs containing bronchi that are divided into clearly defined lobes.
Lower Respiratory Cont.
•Diaphragm:A muscle located below the lungs that contracts causing the lungs to fill with air.
Inner WorkingsTrachea is composed of:•Fibrous Connective Tissue
•Smooth Muscle•A series of chondral rings that are c-shaped
Inner Workings Cont.
•Dorsal Border of trachea is achondral to allow for expansion of esophagus during the passage of food
Inner Workings Cont:
•If the trachea were completely rigid, food would become lodged in the esophagus.
Inner Workings Cont.
•At the caudal end of the trachea, is the tracheal bifurcation ( fork in the road)
Inner workings Cont.
•Primary bronchi are quite large.
•Have c-shaped chondral rings like the trachea
Inner Workings Cont.
•Small irregularly shaped plates
•They provide structure for complete circumference of the secondary bronchi
Inner Workings Cont.
•Each alveoli is surrounded by a dense network of capillaries. This is where the gas exchange occurs
Lung Lobe Variation
•Cranial•Middle •Caudal •All these are bilateral along with an accessory lung dorsocaudal to the heart